Farewell through Jingmen
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.
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Traveling by boat, passing by Jingmen, I came to Chu's hometown.
Castle Peak gradually disappears, and Ye Ping stretches as far as the eye can see. The Yangtze River surges and flows into the vast wasteland.
The moon reflects the river, just like flying a mirror tomorrow; Clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage.
The water in my hometown is reluctant to part with me, and Wan Li sent me boating not far away.
To annotate ...
Jingmen: Mingshan, located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, faces Huya Mountain across the river. The terrain is dangerous and has been called the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.
Far: Far from it.
Chu State: The land of Chu State refers to the area around Hubei, which belonged to Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Ye Ping: Yuan Ye is both flat and vast.
Jiang: The Yangtze River. Wilderness: a vast field.
The moon is like a mirror: the bright moon is reflected on the river like a flying mirror. Down: Move down.
Mirage: Mirage, describing the beautiful scene of clouds on the river.
Still: still. Pity: pity. One is Lian. Hometown water: refers to the Yangtze River water flowing from Sichuan. Because the poet lived in Sichuan since he was a child, he called Sichuan his hometown.
Wan Li: It's a long trip.
Creation background
This poem was a gift to Li Bai's hometown when he left Shu for Jingmen when he was young. There is no dispute in academic circles, but there are many versions of the specific year of writing, mainly including three versions: one was written in the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), the other in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725) and the third in the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726).
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This poem was written by Li Bai when he left Sichuan. Li Bai went out of Shu this time by boat and waterway, crossed Bayu, left the Three Gorges and sailed straight outside Jingmen Mountain, with the purpose of visiting the hometown of Chu in Hubei and Hunan. "Sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south" refers to this kind of intense tour. At this time, the young poet, full of enthusiasm, sat on the boat and indulged in watching the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan. It seems that the scenery in front of us has gradually changed. After Jingmen, it is already a plain wilderness with a broad horizon, especially a landscape:
"It is the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain."
"The Mountain Stopped in Primacy" vividly depicts the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the ship left the Three Gorges and crossed Jingmen Mountain: the mountains gradually disappeared, and the endless low and far fields were in front of us. With the appearance of the word "Sui", the position of the mountain and the river is gradually changed and moved, which is truly shown. This sentence is like a set of moving pictures taken with a * lens, giving people a sense of mobility and space, and depicting the static mountains as a moving trend.
"And the river winds through the wilderness" describes the momentum of the fast-flowing river. Looking from Jingmen in the distance, it seems to flow into the distant desert Yuan Ye. It seems that the sky is high and the realm is lofty. The last sentence is the word "Ru", which shows the grandeur of the momentum, fully expresses the poet's lofty sentiments, is full of joy and high spirits, and is just right. This scene contains the poet's cheerful mood and youthful vitality.
These two sentences are not only written into the images of "Ye Ping" and "Wild" in Yuan Ye, but also magnificent; But it is also very vivid because of the dynamic description. Although the river flows, the mountains and rivers are solidified, and the sense of "beginning and ending" comes entirely from the actual experience of rowing. After walking for many days in the steep and treacherous Three Gorges area, I suddenly saw the magnificent scenery and felt suddenly enlightened. It uses highly condensed language. The geographical changes of the poet's whole trip are very general.
After writing about mountains and flowing water, the poet described the close-up and prospect of the Yangtze River from different angles by changing the scenery:
"The moon rises like a mirror and the sea clouds shine like palaces."
The Yangtze River flows below Jingmen, and the river twists and turns, and the flow rate slows down. At night, when the river is calm, look down at the reflection of the moon in the water, like a mirror falling from the sky; During the day, looking up at the sky, the clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle. This is a wonderful view from Jingmen's vast plains and calm rivers. For example, in the Three Gorges of the mountains, because the pavilion is at midnight, there is no sunrise, the water is fragrant in summer, and the water on the river is rushing, it is difficult to see the underwater image of "the moon is like a mirror"; In the secret space of the Three Gorges, there is no wonder of "sea clouds flashing like palaces". This couplet takes the moon in the water as a round mirror, which sets off the calm of the river, and the clouds in the sky form a mirage, setting off the vast and high sky on the river bank, which has a strong artistic effect. The couplets of chin and neck vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first walked out of the canyon and saw the vast plain.
The two sentences of the neck couplet reflect the calm of the river, showing the vastness of the river bank, the high sky and the romanticism.
While enjoying the scenery around Jingmen and facing the surging river flowing through his hometown, Li Bai couldn't help but feel homesick:
"Water brings you the feeling of home. Pull your boat for 300 miles."
The poet crossed Jingmen to the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan where the river flows is his hometown of growth. How could he not miss it for the first time? But the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but that the water in his hometown reluctantly sent me on a long journey. With deep feelings, he rowed your boat for three hundred miles and wrote from the opposite side, which showed his special homesickness. At the end of the poem, there is a strong nostalgia and farewell feeling, and the words are incoherent and full of emotions. "Farewell" in the poem title should be farewell to hometown rather than friends, and there is no farewell to friends in the poem. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian thought that "there is no farewell in the poem, and the words in the title can be deleted" (Tang Poetry) was not unreasonable.
This poem has a first knot, which is seamless, lofty in artistic conception and vigorous in style. "The mountain is flat and primitive, and the river winds in the wilderness" is vividly written, just like the long-axis landscape map of the Yangtze River crossing Jingmen, and it has become a famous sentence. If the excellent landscape painting "Wan Li should talk about it", then the five laws of this magnificent image can also be said to be able to see the big from the small, treat one as ten, with rich capacity, covering tens of thousands of miles of landscape scenery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with highly concentrated artistic generalization.