The "meaning" of prose exists in the deep living soil and the vast ocean of life. To get it, we must rely on our in-depth observation, feeling and understanding of life.
Therefore, as long as prose is conceived from the reality of life, with distinct feelings, keen observation ability, the pulse of people's contemporaries, deep feelings, rich imagination and profound thinking, we will feel that our life is full of poetry. This poem is something that touches our hearts, makes our eyes suddenly enlightened, makes our thoughts suddenly sublimated, and makes our feelings more pure. This is the inspiration of the poem.
If we want to understand our article, we must understand it quickly. Because there is a tremor in the heart and a flash of thought.
Liu said: "Even a faint flash is better than no flash. This is no ordinary photography. This is literature. " For example, a writer went to see camellia. There are many kinds of them, and the beautiful camellia makes him feel: "Camellia is beautiful.
Everything good in life is created by labor. Who watered the flowers day and night with his own sweat, raised the seedlings like his own children, and finally cultivated such beautiful flowers? We should thank those who beautify our lives. "
This is the brilliance of thought, and the writer cherishes it very much, so he writes this meaning down in time. Later, he heard a gardener introduce a kind of camellia, and said, "This is called boy's noodle. It blooms late, just blooms, and its color is deep red, but it is the best. "
This didn't cause thinking, but he remembered the name of this camellia. After a while, it happened that a group of children also came to see Camellia, which attracted the writer's attention. He saw the children's bright red faces upturned, smiling sweetly and chattering nonstop. His heart suddenly trembled and he couldn't help but blurt out: "The boy's noodle tea is on."
The gardener realized this and said, "Really, there is no more beautiful camellia than this boy's face." This made an idea pop into his mind. He said, "I have an idea for a painting.
If you draw a blooming camellia with the thickest and brightest cinnabar, wouldn't it be a symbol of the face of the motherland? "So, the writer wrote the essay" Camellia Fu "with the feelings caused by watching Camellia. This writer is Yang Shuo.
Readers and critics can understand the author's intention of writing this article through reading: to praise the beautiful motherland and honor the working people of the motherland. Second, being good at conception is the process of processing and refining the living materials from coarse to fine, from virtual to real, from the outside to the inside.
The writer should seek the perfect artistic form for the ideological content of prose in his conception, so as to achieve the harmonious unity of ideological content and artistry. Therefore, conception should solve the problems of conception, material selection, artistic conception creation, genre determination, basic techniques and layout.
This paper focuses on three issues: determining genre, finding clues and creating artistic conception. First, determine the genre.
The genre of prose is flexible and diverse. We have a good meaning (thought) and have chosen the material to express this meaning (thought), so we have to consider: is it written in a letter or in a diary? Was it written as an essay or as an accidental feeling? Travel notes or memoirs? Should I write a preface or postscript, or a comment? The principle of determining specific genre is that content determines form, and form serves content.
For example, after traveling to Suzhou, if you feel the need to report your travels and impressions to your parents, you can write a letter; When you meet some people or things that move you during your play, you can write essays and ramble; After visiting Tiger Hill, Lion Forest, Hanshan Temple, Xiyuan and Liuyuan, you find the bells of Hanshan Temple particularly attractive and arouse your reverie, so you can write a lyric article as poetic as Lyric on the Country Altar. If you are revisiting the old place, eating some local products of Suzhou and recalling the past, you can write a reminiscence prose similar to Reminiscence of Millet ... In short, the form of expressing a specific genre should be determined according to the content of the intention. Second, look for clues.
The material of prose should be scattered, each material is a pearl, but there are internal relations between these pearls. We writers want to find a thread, use a pen as a needle, and put these scattered pearls into a dazzling bead necklace. So, what can be a clue? One is emotional clues.
When our feelings change in life, such as from disgust to like, or from like to disgust, we can use this emotional clue to connect some seemingly unrelated materials. For example, when Yang Shuo wrote "Litchi Honey", he used emotional clues to put childhood memories, convalescence in Conghua, litchi grove, Su Shi's poems, love to taste honey, visit bee farms, praise bees, farmers' labor and dream bees at night.
The second is the clue of things. For example, Cao Jinghua felt in his daily life that today we still need to carry forward the spirit of hard struggle of "millet with guns" in Yan 'an period, so he collected the past events about millet in his memory and used millet to combine events that happened in different places, different times and different situations.
Many essays that support objects and chant ambitions are also based on objects, such as Bing Xin's Ode to Cherry Blossoms. The third is the character clue.
If you write about a character's activities at different times and places, you can use this character as a clue, or you can use another character to connect things at different times, places, people and contents. This character can also be the writer himself-"I".
The fourth is the clue of thought. For example, in the face of something or a scene, I meditate and daydream, "I tend to travel in Wan Ren", "I look at the past and present in an instant, and I caress the whole world in an instant", "I cage heaven and earth in form and frustrate everything in writing".
Through association and imagination, related materials can be organized together to express the original theme. Such as Qin Mu's Land, Yang Shuo's Haicheng and Jia Pingwa's Chou Shi.
The fifth is the landscape clue. All landscape words are sentimental words.
Through the description of the scenery, the writer's thoughts and feelings are integrated into the scenery. For example.
2. How to change the classical Chinese into the vernacular Chinese Pu Songling?
wolf
Pu Songling
Original text:
Ah Zai came home late, and all the meat in his burden was eaten, leaving only bones. On the way, the two wolves traveled a long way.
Eliminate fear and throw it at the bone. The wolf has a bone to stop, and the wolf still comes from. After the re-voting, the post-wolf stopped and the former wolf came again. The muscles and bones are exhausted, and the two waves drive together.
Tu was embarrassed. He was afraid of being attacked by the enemy. There is a wheat field in Gu Ye, where the landowner earns a lot of money. Tu Naiben leaned against it with a knife on his shoulder. Wolves are afraid to go forward, eyeing each other.
When I was a child, a wolf left and a dog sat in front of him. After a long time, my eyes seem to be useless and very idle. Tu suddenly and violently, wielding a knife to cut the wolf's head, killed several times. Fang wanted to go, but after turning to pay, a wolf hole was among them, which meant to tunnel in and attack the back. The body is half in, and only the tail is exposed. After the slaughter, he died of a broken stock. It was the wolf who fell asleep before enlightenment, and covered it to lure the enemy.
The wolf was afraid, too, but he was killed twice in an instant. What is the geometry of the beast? Stop laughing.
Translation:
A butcher came home at night, and the meat in his burden had been sold out, leaving only bones. I met two wolves on the road and followed them for a long time.
The butcher was afraid and threw the bone to the wolf. A wolf got a bone and stopped. Another wolf is still following him. The butcher threw the bone to the wolf again, and the wolf who got the bone behind stopped, but the wolf who got the bone in front came again. The bones have been thrown away. But the two wolves chased the butcher together as before.
The butcher was embarrassed and anxious, and I was afraid that he would be attacked by wolves. The butcher saw a threshing floor in the field. The owner of the threshing floor piled firewood in the threshing floor and built a hill. The butcher then ran over, leaned over the pile of firewood, put down the burden and picked up the butcher's knife. The two wolves dared not go forward and stared at the butcher.
After a while, one wolf went straight away, and the other wolf squatted in front of the butcher like a dog. After a long time, the wolf's eyes seem to be closed, and it looks very leisurely. The butcher jumped up suddenly, cut off the wolf's head with a knife, and killed the wolf with a few knives. The butcher just wanted to leave, but he turned and saw the back of the firewood pile. Another wolf is digging a hole in the firewood pile, intending to drill a hole to attack the butcher's back. The body has been drilled into the middle, showing only * * * and tail. The butcher cut off the wolf's thigh from behind and killed the wolf. The butcher realized that the wolf in front pretended to sleep, which was originally used to lure the enemy.
The wolves were too cunning, but after a while, both wolves were killed. How deceptive can animals be? It's just a joke.
Ha ha, for reference! word
1. Flexible use of parts of speech:
Hole: Nouns make holes as verbs. A wolf hole.
Tunnel: Nouns are used as adverbials from tunnels. It is going to dig a tunnel to attack the rear.
Dog: Nouns are adverbials, like dogs. A dog is sitting in the front.
2. Common words
"Stop" is the same as "only", but. There are only bones left.
3. Polysemy:
Stop at the bone. Stop it, the wolf will get the bone.
Meaning expression, meaning what leisure. Yes, it means that authentic people should attack the back.
If the enemy attacks, he will be afraid of being attacked by the enemy. Enemy, cover and seduce the enemy.
In front, I am afraid of being attacked by the enemy. Go forward, the wolf dare not go forward.
4. Usage of function words:
( 1)
Pronoun, it, refers to the wolf, killed with several knives. Auxiliary words, yes, the changes of animals are geometric.
Auxiliary words, syllable adjustment, no translation, long time. Auxiliary words, located between the subject and the predicate, are not translated, but the two wolves still drive together as before.
(2) to
Preposition, throwing bones. Preposition, used to cut the wolf's head with a knife.
Conjunction, the purpose will follow. Conjunction, used as a cover to lure the enemy.
③ The meaning of "Qi"
(1) Fear the enemy from front to back. (of wolves). (2) Wages accumulated by the owners. (of a threshing floor).
(3) Tu Naiben relied on it. (of firewood piles). (4) a wolf hole in it. (collecting firewood and grass).
(5) The intention is to dig tunnels and let people attack the rear. (of a butcher). (3) After slaughter, its shares are broken. (of wolves).
5. Common words:
Fear: fear. Follow: follow. So: it's the same. Drive; Catch up. Embarrassed: embarrassed. Fear: I'm afraid. C: Yes. Close your eyes. Violence: Suddenly. Kill: kill. Femur: thigh. May: Sleep. Hey: Cunning.
3. Classical Chinese is rewritten into vernacular Chinese, which is already vernacular Chinese.
It seems that I have to make up the language for you. Classical Chinese is the official style in ancient China. From Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, China developed the vernacular, which is close to spoken language and easy for ordinary people to understand. Your passage should be written by modern people.
Classical Chinese is rewritten into vernacular Chinese:
To study and be a man, we must first set our ambitions. Think about the aspirations of sages and heroes at my age since ancient times. What kind of knowledge is it? What kind of talent is it? What can I compare with them now? I think my parents want me to study and ask teachers to teach. What's the point? How can I be worthy of my parents? Look at people of the same age, often praised by their parents. How good is it? How bad are the people whose parents often criticize? Study well, but don't learn badly. Your heart should be as clear as yours, you should have a firm belief, you should learn every thought and thing well, and all your bad things should be deeply awakened and resolutely corrected. You can't relax a little, you can't muddle along like you used to. We should try to live up to our parents' wishes and not be laughed at by others, just like ancient sages and heroes when they were young. I am afraid that my ambition is not established, and I am even more afraid that I am not firm. Occasionally hear a good word, a good thing, but also know envy. I also said at that time that I wanted to be like him. In a few days, I don't know where to throw this idea. This is because your will is not firm enough, and also because you can't set your ambitions. If a heart is upward, what career can't be successful?
By the way, bs knows the points on the first floor, and there is no network morality at all. It's like someone fell into the water, and his companion took out his few hundred dollars and begged you to save people, but you said that it was only a few hundred dollars, which was not enough for me to take a bath.
4. The definition of how to turn ancient prose into modern prose refers to a literary genre juxtaposed with novels, poems and plays, and there are two kinds of understandings about it: broad and narrow.
Prose in a broad sense refers to all literary prose except poetry, novels and dramas. In addition to discussing lyric prose, it also includes communication, reportage, essays, memoirs, biographies and other styles. With the development of writing discipline, many styles stand on their own feet, and the scope of prose is shrinking day by day.
Prose in a narrow sense refers to literary prose, which is a kind of literary style mainly based on narration or lyric, with extensive materials, flexible brushwork, short length and rich love for literature.
The characteristics of prose:
1. The shape is scattered but the spirit is not scattered.
"Form and dispersion" mainly means that prose is widely used and free, and is not limited by time and space; Expression techniques are not limited to one pattern: it can describe the development of events, describe characters, convey feelings with things, and make comments. The author can freely adjust and change according to the needs of the content. "Distraction" mainly comes from the intention of prose, that is, the theme to be expressed in prose must be clear and concentrated, no matter how extensive the content of prose is and how flexible the expression is, it serves to better express the theme.
In order to be scattered in shape but not in spirit, we should pay attention to the internal relationship between materials and central ideas in material selection, so that materials can run through an organic whole with certain clues in structure. Common clues in prose are: (1) taking things with profound or symbolic significance as clues; ⑵ Taking the "I" in the works as a clue and "I" as a clue, because I wrote what I saw, heard, thought and felt, and Kan Kan and Kan Kan talked freely, making readers feel more real, cordial and touching.
2. Deep artistic conception, paying attention to expressing the author's life feelings, strong lyricism and sincere emotion.
With the help of imagination and association, the author writes from the superficial to the deep, from the real to the imaginary, in turn, which can integrate feelings into the scenery, send feelings to help each other, express the author's true feelings, realize the unity of things and me, show more profound thoughts and make readers understand more profound truths.
3. Beautiful and concise language, rich in literary talent.
The so-called elegance means that the language of prose is fresh, bright and beautiful (also beautiful), lively and full of musical sense, and the writing style is like a trickle, tinkling, telling, sincere and sincere. The so-called conciseness means that the language of prose is concise, natural and fluent. A few words can describe vivid images, outline the scenes of characters and show far-reaching artistic conception. Prose tries to write the scenery as if it were in front of you and the feelings as refreshing.
Prose is known as "beautiful prose", which not only has spiritual views and beautiful artistic conception, but also has fresh, meaningful and unpretentious literary talent. Reading some good essays regularly can not only enrich knowledge, broaden horizons and cultivate noble thoughts and sentiments, but also learn the skills of selecting materials, planning layout, choosing words and making sentences, and improve your language expression ability.
Classics, biographies and history in ancient Chinese are also essays.
5. How to rewrite ancient poetry into modern prose? Suddenly, I feel that time passes very quickly. The world of mortals stops and stops, the leaves turn green and yellow, the flowers bloom, my heart grows stronger and weaker, some things have been forgotten, and some people remember them, just like flowers bloom and fall.
Life is a journey. There will always be reunion and parting on the prayer wheel. Every first beauty is like a tree blooming. There is always a flower blooming into the sea in memory, and there is always a love in time, and the trees are shaded. In the memory of the palm of your hand, with the spring breeze and drizzle, let time stay at a certain moment, and use the hand of time to keep your smile for many years. Everyone who has an intersection with life is to make us a person with temperature.
Some moments in time are nothing special to experience, but in retrospect, they are worth a thousand words. The depth of fate lies in getting along; The mutual understanding of the mind lies in the tacit understanding. The deepest concern is not words, but understanding that there is always some warmth overflowing our hearts. The watch of the soul is the most beautiful dialogue, and the fate worth remembering must be a flower that is just right in time. Even through time and years, Qian Shan can produce fragrant beauty.
There is a kind of companionship, which is tacit understanding, without words, just heart-to-heart reading; There is a pity, an understanding, no intersection, just a look, you can understand. The best companionship is not in the soul, but depends on time. The deepest concern is the companionship of the soul, just like a cup of spring breeze and a cup of hot tea. Just a gentle greeting, the spring breeze blows over your face, full of tenderness, timely meeting and parting, just like flowers bloom and fall, there is always some affection, which can cross mountains and rivers and write down some love on every windy and snowy day, so that the soul is no longer lonely and the feelings are no longer separated. The ground is high and the water is far away. Even if you can't hold your hand forever and walk with you for a while, it is also the most beautiful practice.
"The red skirt faded out of my heart, remembering the flowers but not the year." In the silhouette of time, how many familiar figures are looming, how many warm feelings linger in the passage of time. The flowers in the palm of your hand are rippling in the middle of the lake, always telling the past in the depths of time. In the scenery I have walked through, I have never been alone with you; In my scattered old days, it is sunny to have you with me.
Inadvertently hearing a song will fascinate you, and inadvertently seeing a sentence will move you. We are all sentimental people and have all experienced hardships on the road of life. Perhaps you are young and confused about the future; Maybe you are middle-aged and feel tired because of your responsibilities; Maybe you are old, sighing at the end of your life and watching the sunset endlessly ... No matter who you are and what path you want to take, as long as you are with bright people and your heart is broad, you will become a warm hometown. No matter how many days have passed, knowledge, flowers and sunshine are all happiness.
Smell the flowers of the years, get drunk and rejoice, and the old days will hide all the knowledge. I think I know you, every look in your eyes, every sigh, just like flowers know dew, just like time knows youth, I know your loneliness and hesitation, and it is not easy to understand your life. Don't complain all the time, and don't ask if it's worth it. Maturity is running with tears in your eyes. What is important for people to live is their mood. Sometimes, silence is just a mottled time, and the scenery in my heart is my own. Years overlap, may life be gentle with you. If the mood can be bathed in sunshine, the spring I wrote for you will not be far away.
How many times have I looked in your direction and imagined your smiling face standing in the sun, and the petal rain fell on my side, just like the touching encounter when I was young. Look at one flower after another, there is a watch and a yearning. The loneliness of the soul, sitting opposite each other in the fragrance of words, grows slowly. In the leisure time of vegetation, look at all seasons, spring and autumn, winter, snow and summer are cool. On the dull notes of time, there is ignorance of youth, bitterness of middle age, and the significance of looking back and smiling at the sunset. Along the way, the mountain is a journey. Whether you are here or not, I can feel your warmth. Light life, in a word, we walk slowly on the long road.
The agreement between the heart and the distance is that when the spring flowers are blooming, the heart and love will stay together in the winter snow. In the affectionate season, when the wind blows through my city, my soul will be brilliantly amazing. I knew you would come, but you just came uninvited, and I happened to be there, just like spring. Along the way, I am looking for, with a beautiful flower, to melt myself into a plain and beautiful poem, in the palm of my hand, for the tacit understanding of meeting, engraved forever.
All acquaintances are not as good as the long-term love that accompanied me. Thanks for the warmth we walked together, I wrote my mind for a long time. A person faces the wind and rain, with bitterness and confusion. Firm steps and flowers in full bloom in the distance fragrant a dream-seeking journey. If you believe in beauty, you can meet it. So, I am on your way, waiting for you with a smile.
6. How to rewrite ancient Chinese into modern Chinese The skill of rewriting ancient Chinese is to re-create on the basis of the original theme.
There are many ways to rewrite. You can change the genre, such as rewriting poetry into prose, rewriting drama into story, rewriting novel into drama; You can change your name; It can be expressed in another way, such as changing description into narrative and changing narrative into description.
You can also select, enrich and supplement the original text. But generally do not change the theme and style of the original.
Today, we are going to rewrite ancient Chinese. Rewriting ancient Chinese into modern Chinese is a process of re-creation.
This kind of rewriting needs more adjustments in material arrangement and structure level according to the content of the original work, which is innovative. When rewriting, you should convert the language of the text into your own language habits and language forms.
Rewriting must fully understand the ideological content and expression of the original text, thoroughly understand the relationship and differences between the rewritten works and the rewritten works, grasp their own characteristics and rewrite as required. So what problems should we pay attention to in the process of rewriting? First, the words used in ancient Chinese are concise and implicit, with strong * * *, which means that their internal meanings are rich and the rewriters have room for imagination. They can expand the concise text of the original work into specific scenes and describe them into certain scenes.
Cao Gui's debate with Duke Zhuang of Lu and his fellow villagers is unheard of, so we can start with the way of the debate between the two sides. Describe the characters more fully, vividly and concretely.
Rewritten compositions generally allow imagination to be used according to the meaning of the original text. Second, the rewritten content must be faithful to the central idea of the original text.
This requires imagination and association to conform to the spirit of the original work, and we can't imagine and ramble at will. The article "Cao Gui's Debate" was written in close connection with "Debate".
Cao Gui's political preparation before the war, the tactics in the battle and the summary of the reasons for victory. These remarks have fully demonstrated Cao Gui's political foresight and military talent, which cannot be changed.
Such as the cause of the war, the strength of both sides, the battle scenes and the post-war treatment, can not be spread out and written, which is not conducive to expressing Cao Gui's character. Third, we should pay attention to visualization in rewriting.
Rewriting is the process of re-creation. The author does not simply translate ancient Chinese with modern Chinese, but further develops various imaginations to make the characters vivid and the story more complete and vivid.
Cao Gui's expression when talking to fellow villagers must be different from his expression when talking to Duke Zhuang of Lu. Why? Because it has something to do with the identity of the object.
So, it is necessary to describe Cao Gui's attitude at this time. Fourthly, the rich imagination is inserted, and the expressions, movements, languages, demeanor and behaviors of the characters that are not in the original text are added, but the theme of the original text is not changed, thus becoming a complete narrative.
After all, Cao Gui is an ordinary person, so he hesitated to talk to Duke Zhuang of Lu about his opinion. These are all important factors to show the character. We can also imagine what will happen to Duke Zhuang of Lu when he sees a civilian coming to talk about state affairs with him. You can imagine him from arrogance to respect, thus highlighting Cao Gui's foresight.
Another thing you can imagine is that on the battlefield, Duke Zhuang of Lu followed Cao Gui's advice and finally won the war. After returning to Li, he asked why he did it, but did he give him any reward? Will it be reused in the future? Another example: 1. The Son of Yang. Yang's son is nine years old and very smart. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted.
In order to set fruit, there are bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family."
The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry." Wonderful rewriting: There is a family named Yang in Liang State, and there is a nine-year-old son who is very clever, and his neighbors all praise him very much.
One day, his father's friend Junping Kong came to visit him. Unfortunately, my father happened to have something to go out, so Junping Kong called the nine-year-old child out.
The child brought tea fruits, including bayberry, to the guests. Junping Kong knew that the child was witty, and on a whim, he pointed to Yangmei and joked, "I heard your information. I wonder if it is true?" Hey, this is your fruit. "
Yangmei has the same surname as the child, so it is said. The child had already understood the meaning, rolled his eyes, decided to follow suit, and answered unhurriedly: "I didn't hear that peacock is a master of poultry."
Peacock and Junping Kong share the same surname. Junping Kong one leng, see the child tactfully and forcefully refuted his words, understand the wisdom of the child's mind is not blowing.
He was so happy for the child that he couldn't help clapping his hands and applauding: "Yes, son! Being so excellent at a young age will definitely make a difference when you grow up. " The child just smiled and said nothing. To "make a difference", we must rely on our own efforts.
Second, > or border county has been unwilling to join the army. The Liaohe River is boundless, and the Wild Goose Mountains are connected with clouds.
The boudoir warms itself, and the grass is fragrant on the stranger. There is beautiful scenery at sunrise, and it is full of words when it is exposed to the ground.
Zhu Chen's photo in the mirror is rotten, and the green smoke is smoldering. I couldn't bear to say goodbye when climbing peaches and plums, and sent my son to touch the skirt. Wonderful rewriting: since ancient times, there have been many wars in the frontier, and soldiers have no regrets.
It is the green mountains and green waters of his hometown in his heart, and the flowing clouds and waterfalls have turned into infinite scenery beyond the Great Wall, and the spring grass is unfamiliar. Chai Fei's wife cooks, and the wife by the river cooks fish.
There are pearls and jade slanting jiazi; Temporary repair and warm-up hall with makeup powder; There are fields caressed by the fragrance of the earth, and there are crystal dew in the morning; There is the tranquility of spring breeze and willow smoke. At this peaceful and beautiful moment, the wife is holding a new branch and can't bear to watch her youngest son leave. She watched her beloved son join the army and leave home, with tears on his skirt, which was the silent cry of his mother's heartbreak.
7. Rewrite ancient Chinese into vernacular stories. There was a butcher who came home late one night and was chased by a wolf (the ancients were generally simple and omitted the intermediate process).
There was a hut left by a farmer who did farm work at night on the roadside, so he ran to hide in it. The wolf put his paw through the thatched wall (to catch him), and the butcher quickly grabbed the wolf's paw so that it could not leave.
The butcher thought: there is no way to kill the wolf! I only have an inch-long knife, so I cut the skin off the wolf's paw and blew it by blowing pigs. He blew hard for a while, feeling that the wolf didn't move much, so he tied the wolf's claws with a belt.
When the butcher came out of the hut, he saw that the wolf was so angry that his legs were too straight to bend and his mouth could not be closed. So the butcher carried the wolf home.