19 14 Russian writer Thoreau Cooper wrote: "I felt sorry when I read Gorky's autobiographical novel trilogy in the Writer's Diary. I can't help thinking of lev tolstoy's sweet childhood. On the contrary, it fights, fights and whips here ... it is simply a sadist who is psychologically incomprehensible. " Indeed, the whole "childhood" depicts a colorful, bizarre and indescribable life. That life seems to be a tragic fairy tale told by a kind and extremely honest genius. In that dark life, there were too many cruel social things. If a child does something wrong, he should take off his pants and be beaten. In order to separate, the father and son fought and even beat their heads off; Grandma has no fault and can't escape grandpa's punching and kicking; Uncle Mikhail made fun of the old craftsman grigori with a red-hot thimble. Mother knelt on the ground and begged her stepfather not to fool around outside. Stepfather kicked her in the chest in boots. Grigori worked for his grandfather all his life. When he was blind and lost his ability to work, he was driven out of the dyehouse and lived on the streets begging for food. Grandpa not only exploited the workers cruelly, but also was denied by his six relatives. When cooking tea with his wife, he has to count the tea in his hand carefully for fear of losing money. Finally, he kicked his wife and grandson out of the house and left them to fend for themselves. However, despite so many horrible and ugly things described in the work, the whole work still exudes optimism like sunshine penetrating through clouds. Aletha, the hero, is not overwhelmed by the hardships, pain and humiliation of life. He is full of confidence, works hard, breaks through all kinds of obstacles and misfortunes, and constantly explores a new life. This optimism makes his works have a positive color in ideological content. Gorky, the author, repeatedly explained in his childhood: "Whenever I recall the oppressive, dirty and barbaric life in Russia, I often ask myself: Is it necessary to write about this ugly behavior?" I always answer myself confidently: it is necessary! Because this is the living ugly reality of life, which still exists at present. To change this reality, to remove its influence from people's memories and hearts, and from our heavy and dirty life, we must thoroughly understand this reality. ""I describe this ugly behavior in real life for a more positive reason: although these ugly behaviors are disgusting and make us feel depressed; Although they have killed countless beautiful souls, the hearts of Russians are still so healthy and young, and they are overcoming and finally being able to overcome this ugly behavior. " "Our life is wonderful. In our life, although there is fertile soil that breeds all kinds of shameless scum, this fertile soil will eventually grow into an excellent, healthy and creative force, and grow into a kind and humane thing, constantly inspiring us to build a bright and humane new life. "On the one hand, it shows Gorky's aesthetic principle: writers don't have to avoid any ugliness in life, but their purpose is to attract people's attention and completely eliminate it. They firmly believe that human society has a self-regulation mechanism of truth, goodness and beauty. On the other hand, it also shows that Gorky's purpose in writing his tragic childhood experience is not to show people how sympathetic and pitiful he is, nor to simply recall his childhood life, but to tell readers with his own personal experience, no matter how bad the environment is and how difficult life is. There are always some kind and beautiful people who can cultivate healthy and upright hearts with an upward heart in a dirty environment. So we say that the ideological content of this book is positive, not decadent. The works mainly portray two kinds of characters, and the author expresses his love and hate for them through the narration of these two kinds of characters. There are two kinds of characters: one is a selfish and cruel person represented by grandpa, and the other is an honest and kind person represented by grandma. Grandpa is a great nuisance to alessa. There is always bitter irony in the description of appearance and the carving of inner world. He is short and thin, only his grandmother's shoulder is high, he walks fast and thin, he is selfish and cruel, he is savage and rude, he often hits people and curses, and even if something goes wrong, he will have hysterical attacks. In order to maintain his shaky position as a small business owner and a broken family, he cruelly abused the workers' buddies, even broke off relations with his six relatives, and drove grigori, an old craftsman who had worked for him all his life, out of the house. He has to fend for himself with his wife who has lived with him all his life. With money, you will be arrogant and arbitrary. After bankruptcy, he became more greedy, stingy and depressed. Material bankruptcy, mental breakdown. Although this bourgeoisie still has a trace of humanity, for example, when he was young, he worked as a tracker on the Volga River, lived a poor and heavy life, and was a fighter and soldier of life. When he told Aletha about his experiences at that time, he showed a sincere and excited expression. Another example is his name is alessa, and he also shows his love for alessa. But all this can't hide his cruelty and selfishness in the whole human nature. Aletha is very disgusted with grandpa's bad behavior, especially hitting his kind grandmother for no reason. He was furious and took revenge on his grandfather. This kind of disgust and anger also exists in the author's mind. Through the description of Aletha's rebellion against his grandfather, the author expresses his contempt, disgust and denial of the kind of people represented by his grandfather, and also expresses his denial of the filth and filth of ordinary citizens. Contrary to his dislike of people like grandpa, the author expressed his love and reverence for the working people represented by grandma through his memories of grandma and others. Grandma is kind, loving her relatives, neighbors and everyone. She is willing to bear all the pressures in life without complaint. The hardship of life, the beating of her husband, the drowning of her son ... can't put out the light of love in her heart. She is a dynamic and poetic professional woman. She can sing and dance, and tell all kinds of legends, fairy tales and folk stories. She is also a brave person. When the workshop caught fire, everyone panicked. Only she rushed into the fire and grabbed buckets of sulfuric acid. Therefore, although she has the shortcomings of obedience and patience to evil forces and blind belief in God, this does not affect her overall brilliance in human nature. People of my grandmother's kind are the young man "Little Zgang" and the tenant "Good Things". The young man "Xiaoshigang" was an abandoned baby, adopted by his grandmother and became an employee of his grandfather when he grew up. He is industrious and capable, and his strength is boundless. Although he is used by his grandfather and uncle as a cow and horse, he is still very kind and optimistic. Compared with the young man "Xiaoshigang", the tenant "Good Thing" is an adult with a thorough understanding and perception of life. He is one of countless outstanding figures in the motherland. He possessed a vast store of knowledge. He taught Aletha to observe and discover life attentively, and taught him to master everything. These people are loved and revered by Aletha. They have had an important influence on the formation of Alisa's outlook on life, and aroused Alisa's warm yearning for life from the front. These people have opened their hearts to Aletha to varying degrees, helping him understand that there are healthy and creative things in life besides scandals. The author wrote in his works: "When I was a child, I imagined myself as a beehive. Some ordinary people, like bees, sent their knowledge and ideas about life there. Everyone tried their best to enrich my mind generously. This kind of honey is often dirty and bitter, but all this knowledge is still honey. "