China's first collection of poems. Before it was regarded as a classic by scholars in the Han Dynasty, it was called "Poetry" and "Poetry 300". The income from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1 1 century) to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (before the 6th century) was about 505. The works are all lyrics and music. The original editor may be the music officer of the imperial court. Poetry is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode.
Wind is a musical tune, also known as national wind, and it is a folk song in the land of princes. Most of them are folk songs, which are very ideological and artistic. They are the most important parts in the Book of Songs, and they are divided into: Yi, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Qi and Cao. Elegant Music is the authentic elegant music in Wang Ji area of Western Zhou Dynasty, with 105 articles, which are divided into elegant music and Xiaoya. "Daya" 3 1 article, used in the later dynasty; Xiaoya has 74 items for aristocratic banquets. Ode is the dance music of the ancestral temple of the ruling class, with 40 songs, which are divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode.
It is difficult to date all parts of The Book of Songs. Generally speaking, Ode to Zhou and Scholars are both works in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. A small part of Daya and most of Xiaoya are works in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Guo Feng, Truffle and Ode to Shang are mostly works in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Judging from the contents of The Book of Songs, although both elegant poems and ode poems are music songs used by the ruling class on specific occasions, they also reflect social life from different aspects and have certain cognitive value. For example, Zhou's "Wu, Huan, Chen Gong, Good Year" eulogized the destruction of merchants by the king of Wu, and offered sacrifices to gods in spring and summer, showing the historical picture and production situation at that time. Many poems, such as Sheng Min and Gong Liu, not only praise ancestors and gods, but also pay attention to the description of social life.
Great progress has also been made in the art of poetry in later generations, which is not only enlarged in length, neat in syntax and fluent in language, but also vivid in metaphor and strong in image and appeal (such as Picking Wei, Why the Grass is Yellow, etc.). "National Wind" preserves the oral creations of many working people and has strong folk songs. Many of these chapters reflect the life of working people 2500 years ago and express their thoughts and feelings. For example, "July" reflects the blood and tears of farmers at that time; "Cutting Tan" describes the woodcutter's anger at the slave owners who got something for nothing; Storytelling compares the exploiter to a big mouse. Yang's poems such as Decline, Drumming and Water also reflect the pain and suffering caused by heavy corvee and military service.
Poetry with the theme of love and marriage occupies a large space, which not only reflects women's pursuit of love and happiness, but also the pain caused by unreasonable marriage (Gu Feng and Mang), and also shows the healthy and optimistic love songs of young men and women (Qin Yi, Jingnv, Papaya, etc. In addition, many folk songs are works that expose and satirize princes and nobles, sharply expose the bad deeds of rulers and lash their ugly souls. "National Wind" not only shows the working people's understanding of reality and their love and hate, but also embodies the creative characteristics of realism with its simple language description, simple life picture display and a large number of lyric heroes, which has laid the realistic tradition of China literature.
The predecessors' use of the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing in The Book of Songs has enhanced the vividness, distinctiveness and artistic appeal of poetry. The accuracy, beauty and vividness of language also make poetry have a great artistic effect. The Book of Songs is the glorious starting point of China literature. His ideological and artistic achievements have had a great influence on the development of China literature, making it occupy an important position in the history of China and even the world literature.