On the poem "Stone City"

In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi's mountains surrounded the old country, and the empty city was lonely. On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace. 1: selected from the whole Tang poetry, volume 365. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. This poem expresses the feeling of the decline of the national movement by describing the depression scene of the stone city. Stone Town, the name of the ancient city. Originally the ancient city of Jinling, Sun Quan was rebuilt in this name during the Three Kingdoms period. It was once the capital of Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, and was abandoned in the Tang Dynasty. Today is Nanjing. 2. Stone Town: In Xiliangqing, Nanjing today, the stone wall guarded by Sun Wu during the Three Kingdoms period was called the Stone Town. Later generations also called Stone Town Jianye. 3. Ancient country: ancient capital. Stone Town was always a national capital during the Six Dynasties. 4: Surround: Surround. 5. Huaishui refers to the Qinhuai River flowing through Shitou Town. 6. Old times: refers to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. 7. Female wall: refers to the low city on Shicheng. Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, was built here. These dynasties, the country is very short. There are profound historical lessons in the historical facts of their sadness and hatred, so Jinling's nostalgia for the past has almost become a special topic in the epic. On the occasion of the decline of the national fortune, it has become a common theme of poets who care about politics. If we say that the chapters written well in the early stage, we can't help but push Liu Yuxi's Five Questions of Jinling. Stone City is the first poem in this group. This poem was selected as a high school Chinese textbook because of its high artistic achievement. This poem puts the reader in a desolate atmosphere from the beginning. The mountains around the old capital still surround it. Here, it used to be Jinling City of Chu State during the Warring States Period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan changed his name to Stone Town and built a palace here. After six generations of luxury, it was abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty and has become an "empty city" for 200 years. The tide beat against the battlements, as if aware of its desolation, touching the cold stone walls, giving a chilling sigh and retreating silently. The mountain city is still there, and the past prosperity of the stone city is empty. Faced with this desolate scene, the poet can't help asking: Why didn't he leave a trace? No one answered his question, except the bright moon rising from the east of Qinhuai River, which is still rising from behind the battlements ("female wall") affectionately, so as to see this long-run old city. The moon symbol "old times", that is, "this month has shone on the ancients", is intriguing. Qinhuai River used to be a playground for princes and nobles in the Six Dynasties. It used to be a place where songs were played all night, with spring breeze blowing and joy everywhere. The "old moon" is its witness. However, the prosperity is fleeting, and now there is only desolation under this month. The word "return" in the last sentence means that although the moon is still there, many things are gone forever.