1. Please try to explain the meaning of the title "How Steel Was Tempered".
Answer: Steel is made by calcining in a fire and cooling down, so it is very strong. It was in the furnace of revolution that the protagonist Paul was trained from a worker's son to a proletarian warrior with an iron will. The novel uses Paul's growth experience to interpret the meaning of the title.
2. Under what circumstances did the author create "How Steel Was Tempered"?
Answer: It was created by the author after he became paralyzed and blind.
3. "How Steel Was Tempered", through Paul's growth experience, depicts a broad social picture from ________, through the ________ civil war to the economic recovery period, and is known as "Textbook of Life".
Answer: World War I, October Revolution
4. Why did Paul sprinkle cigarette powder into the Easter dough at the priest's house?
Answer: Because Paul was beaten severely by the priest once when he asked the priest "Why did the senior teacher say that the earth has existed for millions of years, not like the five thousand years mentioned in the Bible?" Later, he was insulted many times by Father Vasily.
5. What do you think of the Paul family’s family situation? And find the basis in the selected text.
Answer: Poverty. Basis: ⑴ Wearing a gray shirt and blue trousers with knee patches; ⑵ Mother works as a cook in the tax collector's house and is busy from early morning to late night every day.
6. What was Paul’s first living responsibility after leaving school?
Answer: Boil the pot early in the morning and ensure that the water continues to boil throughout the day. When the work is tight, you have to clean knives and forks and pour dirty water.
7. When the Tsarist Russian government was overthrown, what new words did the residents of the small town hear?
Answer: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
8. The article says that a "reliable comrade" should be arranged to work at the station. This "reliable comrade" refers to ____.
Answer: Zhu Helai.
There are 20,000 rifles in the town that were left over from the Tsar’s wars. How were they disposed of in the end?
Answer: Distributed to workers and other residents.
9. Paul’s house was searched by German soldiers. What was the reason?
Answer: Paul stole the German lieutenant's gun and was identified by Victor.
10. The Germans arrested railway workers. In order to show resistance, what actions did the railway workers take?
Answer: General strike.
11. Who did Paul gradually establish friendship with while walking and fishing in the park? What is that person's identity?
Answer: Tonya. The daughter of a forester.
12. The Germans withdrew, but before the people of the town could be happy, the Petliura gangsters came again like a whirlwind. Which two groups had a fierce melee over the town?
Answer: The gangsters headed by Golubo and the gangsters headed by Pavlyuk.
13. After the melee, what type of people did the gangsters brutally massacre?
Answer: Jews.
14. Seryozha hid many printing workers in dark buildings and cellars to avoid the massacre. At the same time, who else did Seryozha mobilize to take in these people?
Answer: Paul, Klimka.
15. Why did the "window knocker" come to Paul's house after martial law was imposed in the town?
Answer: Because I wanted to fight the white bandit, but was exposed, I wanted to hide in Paul's house for a few days.
16. Why did Seryozha get stabbed in the head and wrapped in a bandage?
Answer: Because the Petliura soldiers chased and beat an old man, Seryosha used his body to cover the old man, and was cut by the soldier with a knife.
17. Paul rescued Zhu Helai, but who recognized him and told the nobleman’s son Victor? What's the ending?
Answer: Recognized by Lisa, who had met once at Tonya's house. In the end, he was betrayed by Victor and imprisoned by the white bandits.
18. How did Tonya react when she learned that Paul was arrested? How did she do it?
Answer: Very nervous, blaming Lisa for telling Victor about Paul helping Zhu Helai to escape.
19. Why was "Big Boss" Petliura absent-minded when he reviewed the army?
Answer: On the one hand, it is because I am tired on the road, and on the other hand, it is because the territory controlled by my own government has become smaller and smaller.
20. After the Red Army captured Sebetovka, what positions were Dolinnik and Seryoshafi respectively elected to?
Answer: Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee, Secretary of the District Committee.