Rhyme is to arrange words with the same or similar vowels at the end of a sentence according to certain rules. This is called rhyme or rhyme. Generally speaking, even sentences in poetry must rhyme at the end.
For example, the night berth on Jiande River:
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart.
The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
Among them, "Xin" and "Man" are rhyme feet, and vowels are "in" and "en", which belong to the rhyme department of "Eleven truths" in Ping Shui Yun, so this poem rhymes.
Why does it rhyme?
Poetry is verse. It's not poetry without rhyme. However, verse is not only poetry, epigraph, Sanqu, opera words, lyrics, including the previous Fu, but also verse. Poetry and words are just relatively delicate short rhymes.
So why does it rhyme? What is our most basic verse? The rhyme of "jingle" is to make a sentence sound "smooth", and use the same vowel at the end of each sentence to indicate the end of the sentence, so as to find the right rhythm for the speaker, enhance the sense of rhythm of the sentence, and make people get stuck in reading, cadence, intonation and singing.
If you can't even rhyme, let alone write poetry. Because the rhyme of poetry is not only used to break sentences and find rhythm, but also to reflect emotions and enhance the appeal of poetry through various changes in rhyme.
Rhyme has also become a rhetorical method of poetry, not just a form.
Rhyme rules
When reading ancient poems, I found that some of them all rhyme and some don't rhyme. Why? Does rhyme mean that only the last word rhymes?
Rhyme rules are actually formulated according to the development of poetry.
The requirements of rhyme in the early ancient style were not very strict, and there were not so many rules and regulations in the later modern poetry. Like the "Bailiang Style" invented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it is purely the emperor's ministers playing sentences on Bailiang stage, and the requirement is that every sentence rhymes. After the development of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese phonology generally does not require rhyme in single sentences, but only at the end of even sentences.
The previous sentence is equivalent to an unfinished sentence, pause, if the sentence rhymes, it will make people feel that each sentence can end and confuse the overall length. Just like we go to the symphony. Obviously, after the climax, everyone applauded, but in fact, people still have tails to play with. Is it embarrassing? So don't rhyme where you haven't finished writing to show the difference.
This situation appears with the enrichment of music and the increase of the length of poetry.
Finally, in the Tang Dynasty, the poet formulated a poem with a physical rhythm and took rhyme as a rule.
Modern poetry is divided into five poems, seven poems, five laws, seven laws and unique laws.
In fact, rhyme is not complicated compared with the rules of modern poetry, and there are only two formats: the first sentence rhymes and the non-rhymes. For example, the first sentence of "Sleeping in Jiande" doesn't rhyme, while Li Qiao's "Mid-Autumn Festival":
Round and cold, all the words are the same.
Know that thousands of miles away, there is no rain and no wind?
This is the rhyming format of the first sentence. The vowels of "empty", "same" and "wind" are "ong" and "eng", which are regarded as homophones and belong to "Yidong" in Pingshui rhyme, so they rhyme.
Modern poetry generally uses flat rhymes, and adjacent rhymes are not allowed to pass through or turn (metrical poems, parallelism sentences). However, in this rhyme format of the first sentence, the rhyme foot of the first sentence can rhyme with the adjacent rhyme, which is the so-called "lonely geese out of the group."
However, the rhyme of ancient style is loose, which can be used in adjacent rhymes and middle rhymes, but not in two couplets (the smallest unit of rhymes). It can be rhymed, but when rhyming, the singular sentence should be broken in a flat tone, which is the opposite of the recent rhyme.
In fact, they all create cadences and ups and downs in reading. For example, Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue:
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman in his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
This ancient poem is mainly based on rhyme, so in the third sentence, it is broken with a flat tone "Weng".
Rhyme taboo
Rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, homophone, polyphony.
This is a question of promotion, so I won't give a detailed example here.
Ancient and modern rhyme books
There used to be "Ping Yun Shui" in the rhyme book, and now there is "New Rhyme of Chinese". Poets need to study before they can better appreciate ancient poems (Ping). Of course, if they just want to write their own poems, they don't have to follow the "smooth clouds and water" and use new rhymes. Because they are based on Putonghua, it is not difficult for poets who write them to read them, and there is no pronunciation problem and it is convenient.
However, to read and appreciate ancient poetry, especially Tang poetry and Song poetry, it is best to know something about Pingshui rhyme.
It doesn't really matter whether you use flat rhyme or new rhyme. Poetry, a literary work, should seek common ground while reserving differences, and should not be harsh on each other.
It is true that poetry is a verse, but more importantly, "poetry expresses ambition and poetry expresses feelings."