(1) Grasp the characteristics of Chinese in senior high school and lay a solid foundation for inquiry learning.
1, attach importance to reading and firmly establish the idea of "reading is exploration". The new curriculum standard of senior high school points out: "Reading is an important way to collect and process information, understand the world, develop thinking and gain aesthetic experience. Reading teaching is a multi-dialogue among students, teachers, textbook editors and texts, and it is a dynamic process of ideological collision and spiritual exchange. " Students mainly acquire Chinese knowledge and cultivate their feelings and values by reading texts, so reading texts is the material basis of inquiry activities. Only by grasping the characteristics of the reading text can students understand the richness of the motherland's language, publicize their individuality and conduct in-depth exchanges and dialogues with style. Reading with deep information exchange between students and texts is the best Chinese inquiry learning. Chinese subject has its particularity, and reading is the most fundamental and effective way of Chinese learning left over from traditional Chinese education, such as students' personalized reading inquiry method and comparative reading inquiry method. When studying the article Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, we can compare it with another famous essay by Zhu Ziqing, Qinhuai River under the shadow of paddle lights. In the process of inquiry, students read these two articles carefully, and first explore how they describe the lotus pond and river water in the moonlight, and analyze them from the aspects of sound, color, expression and emotional infiltration. Then, explore the ways in which these two articles describe scenery are the same, but they are different, and why there are such similarities and differences. Students will find that Mr. Zhu Ziqing used rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification, synaesthesia and other expressions in these two articles. The language is beautiful, with a touch of sadness. Therefore, in reading, only when students' cognition is transferred, their emotions are aroused, and their spirit is exchanged, can relevant inquiry activities be carried out. Therefore, let students "talk to themselves, the text and the author" in reading inquiry, and be complacent in "dialogue" and get improved.
2. Train students' thinking ability. Senior high school students have mature thinking ability, and inquiry learning needs students to think actively and innovate constantly, thus improving students' Chinese literacy. There are various ways of thinking, among which divergent thinking, dialectical thinking and innovative thinking ability are the three major thinking strategies of inquiry learning in high school Chinese teaching. Inquiry learning is a process around text reading, which needs to constantly spread students' thinking and extend the space of association, from textbook knowledge to extracurricular reading, from ancient times to modern times, from music art to film and television videos, from folk proverbs to poetry allusions. On the basis of enriching association, it is easy to find the blank of knowledge and the contradiction of thinking, so as to find problems, find exploration goals and improve students' cognitive level. When we study Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, we can think of other writers and scholars' poems and articles describing lotus and lotus leaves at home and abroad, and the relationship between the morphological character of lotus and the morphological character of human beings, from which we can reflect the noble and contemptuous quality of our Chinese nation, and we can also think of Zhu Ziqing's other articles, so as to further explore Zhu Ziqing's article style and thoughts and feelings. As the ancients said, "Wandering in Wan Ren", inquiry learning gives students the freedom to "roam freely".
Chinese text only shows a platform for inquiry, and students' understanding of Chinese text is one-sided, so we should treat the problem dialectically when conducting inquiry learning. For example, when a high school teacher was in Thunderstorm, he and his classmates focused on Zhou Puyuan's character. Most students think that he is an extremely selfish, hypocritical and heartless person, but one student boldly expressed his opinion: "Zhou Puyuan was a victim of feudal society. When he was young, he fell in love with Lu Shiping, which showed his great love for breaking the shackles of feudal ethics. Now he is so cruel because of the environment. He still retains the old clothes and photos left by Shi Ping, which shows that there is still a trace of nostalgia for love when he was young behind his cruelty. He was kind by nature, but he was poisoned by the feudal system. He still loves Shi Ping in his heart. " Thus, dialectical thinking strategy is a highlight of inquiry learning in Chinese teaching in senior high school.
Creativity and innovative spirit are the core qualities of talents in the 2 1 century, so innovative thinking should be applied to Chinese teaching. Taking composition teaching as an example, high school students have a certain writing foundation. Writing teaching should not only focus on some dogmatic writing, such as established content, clear structure and gradual expression, but also cultivate students' innovative spirit, so that students can "see what others don't see and write what everyone thinks, and combine students' own emotional world and wisdom potential to minimize the bondage of writing.
(2) Teachers and students participate together to create an atmosphere of inquiry learning.
1. Create situations and find problems. The inquiry content of Chinese course is very rich, which is the combination of language and humanistic connotation, with openness and innovation, and the process of inquiry also pays attention to the input and development of emotion. Students can only think positively and explore deeply in a relaxed, positive, free and happy atmosphere. Therefore, creating a certain situation is not only conducive to the vivid development of Chinese courses, but also conducive to the effective implementation of students' inquiry learning.
First of all, make use of the virtual situation of language, sound and emotion to let students be there. The means and methods of virtual situation include reading aloud, performance reading aloud, oral English, textbook drama performance and so on. , can be guided by teachers, but also by students to participate in sexual performances, communicative performances, reportage performances, etc. Let students reproduce the artistic conception of the article artificially on the basis of understanding and understanding the content of the text, so as to achieve the ability of internalizing, accumulating and creatively using the existing language. If you study Qinyuanchun? Changsha can be accompanied by a piece of music. Teachers imitate Comrade Mao Zedong standing by the river, looking at the image of the rolling river, full of lofty sentiments and ambitions, reading this immortal poem aloud, bringing students into the broad mind and lofty aspirations of Comrade Mao Zedong.
Secondly, modern media can be used to create realistic situations. Modern teaching media such as courseware and projection can make students understand the text intuitively. Learning "Me and Ditan" can show the current situation of Ditan with multimedia, which can make students deeply understand the role of scenery description in the text; Learning "magic aurora" can show various pictures of aurora and let students know more about it.
Of course, you can also create situations by asking questions. This requires students to be bold and skeptical. Students can find, think and solve problems in learning activities, which is the key to actively participate in the dynamic process of teaching. We can find problems from the title of the article and explore them. When learning "candle power defeats Qin Shi", teachers can inspire students to explore: What skills can a person have in candle power, so it can be said that the army of the great country Qin is retreating? They all say that "heroes are born in troubled times." Under what historical background did the wick give him the opportunity to display his talents? How did Zhu Wu deal with the king of Qin and finally save Zheng? What was the method of retiring in Qin Dynasty? When these problems are solved, the main content of this paper will be clear.
2. Teachers guide students to learn by themselves. In inquiry learning, teachers play a guiding role, so teachers should guide students to explore based on texts. Our Chinese teachers should guide students to understand the content of the text, grasp the thoughts, feelings and writing skills of the text itself, chew the meaning and function of the language in the article, and at the same time enable students to cultivate certain methods and skills of learning Chinese in the process of inquiry, establish correct feelings and values, and improve Chinese literacy. Of course, when exploring, on the one hand, we should combine the Chinese text, and the topic should not be divorced from the text, on the other hand, we should contact the students' reality. When studying the article "On Qin", teachers should guide students to explore the reasons for the death of Qin and the hearty style of the article, but they must be guided in time to prevent students from treating Chinese as a history lesson and only exploring the historical view of the article while ignoring the literary embodiment of the article.
In the whole inquiry process, the profound analysis and extension of Chinese texts mainly depend on students' autonomous learning, and students are the masters of inquiry learning. Therefore, in this process of inquiry, all tasks are obtained by students' independent learning, thinking, questioning, asking questions and solving problems, which can exercise students' freedom of learning, tap students' potential, and cultivate students' self-learning habits and abilities. For example, learning "Preface to Biography of Celebrities" is mainly to let students learn by themselves and be familiar with the characters; Explore the main points of this paper: learn from the indomitable perseverance and quality of heroes, and if you want to achieve something, you must have the spirit of heroes; Then it focuses on the analysis of the quality of the hero, and thus moves to the real society, which gives us the enlightenment that we should have indomitable spirit to face all setbacks. Students can also continue to discuss, what are the modern heroes? Is it a hero who has done great things? In this way, students' own understanding of Chinese texts will be more profound.
(3) Expand migration and explore the methods of inquiry learning.
1, students explore independently. Students are the masters of learning, and inquiry learning advocates students' independent inquiry. Specifically, the following independent inquiry methods can be adopted: first, explore the fertile soil of inquiry in the contradiction of Chinese texts.
There are often some seemingly contradictory but reasonable places in high school Chinese textbooks. It is one of the ways to let students explore boldly around these contradictions. In "Blessing", it is written that Sister Xianglin "she is obviously a beggar." This sentence seems contradictory. In fact, in the process of self-questioning, students will find that such contradictions just set off the tragic fate of Xianglinsao, and also strongly accuse her of being ruthlessly oppressed by feudal ethics and superstition; Secondly, deduct the situation and think about transposition. Text is the product and ideological track of the author's understanding of objective things. In teaching, we should guide students to grasp their own interests, or borrow the roles in the text, or introduce related roles, or act as some roles in their own shoes. Role playing, which is often used in Chinese teaching, is one of them. For example, when studying the article "Lotus Lake", students can "tamper" with the dialogue between aquatic sister-in-law and aquatic in the moonlight. Of course, the theme is to show deep understanding of the aquatic sister-in-law and support the aquatic army. Students can exercise the tone of aquatic sister-in-law, make her cheerful and provocative ... so that students can better understand the excellent character of aquatic sister-in-law, such as deep understanding of benevolence, gentleness, kindness, simplicity and thoughtfulness. Then, capture the "blank" points to move. Text is an example and a work of art, and there are many "blank" places. Guiding students to grasp these thought-provoking and stimulating gaps and give full play to their imagination is the best starting point to find the way to explore. For example, studying the article Border Town, although only three chapters are selected, has left many gaps. Students can explore the ending of Border Town and deeply understand Cui Cui's ignorance and shyness in the text. The sadness at the end can help students understand the tragedy of Cui Cui's love. If they explore further, they can continue to write Border Town in a personalized way, and they can also feel that Mr. Shen Congwen is full of "love"
2. Explore the cooperation between teachers and students and students. Inquiry learning requires students to think deeply and study hard, and it also requires teacher-student interaction, student-student interaction, * * * seeking answers and * * * seeking the laws of things. Only in this way can the teaching efficiency be really improved. Therefore, in the process of Chinese teaching, we should correctly handle the relationship between students' autonomous learning and teachers' guided learning. We should not only emphasize students' inquiry under the guidance of teachers, but also emphasize teachers' cooperation with students on the basis of guidance. We should not only cherish teachers' own personal ideas, unique feelings and experiences in inquiry, but also guide students to reflect actively. For example, when studying the article Scream, the teacher can prepare a lesson first, so that students can search for Lu Xun's relevant information on the Internet in groups to understand what happened in different stages of his life and what changes have taken place in his thoughts after these events. Of course, because the students' summing-up ability is not very strong, the teacher will sort out the data collected by the students and distribute them to a group. In the second class, please report the results to the podium. At this time, teachers need to cooperate. After each group of students report their own results, the teacher should make an appropriate summary for the students to master. The whole class was successfully completed in a pleasant cooperative atmosphere.
In Chinese teaching, the subject of inquiry learning is students, not just a single student, but all students. Every student actively participates, and everyone is both a teacher and a student. This kind of student-student cooperation will make the Chinese classroom more exciting. Student-student cooperative learning can be discussed at the same table or in groups of four, and students can choose their partners freely. For example, learning the article "Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan" can be divided into groups of students to explore the content. We can summarize the new words in this text, summarize the writing style of the article, solve the source of many poems quoted in the article, collect the different origins and types of litchi in groups, and explore the rational interest contained in the article in groups. It can be seen that the student-student cooperative inquiry mode can not only improve the efficiency of classroom teaching, but also stimulate the enthusiasm of students to participate and improve their quality in all aspects.
3. This problem has been extended and explored. The extension of the problem is related to the extension of students' lives. Therefore, teachers should be good at guiding students to approach life actively, actively explore the big classroom of life, and expand students' exploration channels by paying attention to life phenomena. For example, after the important knowledge points of Hutong culture are finished, they should be expanded and migrated. Since hutong culture is the representative culture of Beijing, as Chongqing people, shouldn't we also know about our own cultural phenomena? At this time, students' interest came and they all entered the process of active inquiry. For example, students living in Hechuan stood up and spoke. Hechuan Fishing Town has a long history and is unique to Chongqing. It is worth knowing by all Chongqing people, so it is related to students' real life. There is another occupation in Chongqing that is not available in the whole country, and that is the "army". It is a beautiful landscape in Chongqing, which has formed a great culture with the hardworking spirit of Chongqing people. Chongqing's food culture is also very unique. Hot pot represents the passionate personality of Chongqing people, spicy and delicious, which embodies many delicious foods in Chongqing. Perhaps because of the climate in Chongqing, the girls in Chongqing have formed an unquestionable beauty culture. Through this exploration, students can be connected with real life and have a deeper understanding of hutong culture, so as to understand why Wang Zengqi has such deep feelings for hutong.
4. Interest exploration. Inquiry learning not only aims at solving problems, but also focuses on cultivating students' active emotional experience in the process of inquiry. Students' thinking boat will penetrate their own feelings in the process of inquiry after setting their own goals, that is, keenly capture information, connect with students' original thinking, explore in combination with context, understand the emotions contained in sentences, and turn flat words into three-dimensional images, wonderful artistic conception and vivid pictures in students' thinking. At this time, teachers should not restrict students' behavior, but should give students a broad space to experience the feelings of the article, which may make students feel confused, but there is also an epiphany of "a bright future and another village", perhaps "suddenly looking back", but that person is in a "dim light". Chinese is different from other disciplines, but it is a discipline closely related to science and humanities. No matter from the perspective of language, culture, information or literature, students should enjoy it, enter a positive inquiry state and actively explore the learning content. Only in this way can students gain sensitivity to the language and have a "crossing the river" understanding of a certain field of Chinese. For example, the article My Castle in the Air contains not only the beauty of music, but also the beauty of language, picture and interest. How good is the word "beauty"? If the text is limited to literal inquiry, the author's love for nature and yearning for a free and beautiful life cannot be well understood. Therefore, we should mainly explore the three-dimensional beauty and situation embodied in the article, so that students can draw castles in the air and deeply understand the author's freedom. After learning the article, students not only get beautiful gains, but also get emotional gains. Inquiry is also emotional.