Zhao Mengfu, a Song Wangsun who grew up in the environment of "red dress and green sleeves, and a little leisure" ("Full Moon"), faced the soil and water of a foreign land in his twilight years and looked at the south. How can he not sigh that "the tree is high in thousands of feet, the fallen leaves return to their roots" and add to the disappointment of "the new pavilion is different"?
The Tomb of the King of Yue, which is widely read by the world, is a true reflection of this mood. The whole poem expresses feelings through history and laments the death of Yue Fei, so as to express the deep sorrow and indignation of the country, but it is different from ordinary epics.
First of all, the poet used montage to focus on a bleak and desolate autumn scenery, and made a comprehensive description of the tomb of King Yue and Hubei. There are many weeds and vines in front of the tomb, which makes the poet look up at the sky and sigh "how many things have been paid in ancient and modern times"! The rolling wheel of history crushed the heroic feat, and now only a green hill is buried. Then, the poet fixed the camera on the stone beast in front of the grave. The solemn and terrible stone beast stands tall, adding a layer of sadness to the desolation, which makes people feel worse than before. "Where is the Hall of Fame, in a deep pine forest near Silk City" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), pine and cypress can be said to be a memorial to the dead to some extent. Not only are there no pines and cypresses on Yue Fei's tomb, but weeds are everywhere. How pathetic! From the beginning, the poet used fu to spread the desolation of Yue Fei's tomb. The contrast between Fu and Zhong makes people sigh that today is not as good as before. This is a sigh.
The first couplet lays the emotional tone of the whole poem, which is neat and more affectionate than the middle. On the one hand, the Southern Song Dynasty despised the country, and on the other hand, the veteran of the Central Plains who was eager to try. In sharp contrast, it is even more obvious that the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty are decadent and incompetent, and their feelings of grief and indignation are beyond words. These two sighs. The neckline turning directly expresses one's mind. The first sentence lamented that "the hero is dead", and the next sentence stated the painful consequences of "the hero is dead". While praising Yue Fei's outstanding historical achievements, it also reveals the grief and indignation of the country's ruin and death. These three sighs.
The former sighs three times, and a sigh is more important than a sigh, and the feelings gradually deepen. From the hero's grave to the quiet little court and then to the country's demise, the poet's grief is like water bursting its banks, and his uncontrollable feelings gradually turn from sighing to crying. Here, the poet pinned his feelings for his old country and his grief for his twilight years on the landscape of the West Lake, which is called pity for the mountains and water. In fact, it was to express the tragic loss of the hero who died and returned to the south hopelessly. This crying.
Most poets in Song and Yuan Dynasties experienced the intense collision between the pain of national subjugation and the loss of personality. Their broken hearts wander like ghosts on the ruins of their spiritual homes, and their hearts are shrouded in a very strong separation and nostalgia from the past. In the irretrievable sadness of the Southern Song Dynasty, the poet can only build his last spiritual home on the basis of remembering the past and praising history. Different from Li Yu's nostalgia for the old country, Zhao Mengfu's "The King of E Ling Jun" shows the same complex of poets in the Southern Song Dynasty under Mongolian rule-the sorrow of the country's destruction and death.
Zhao Mengfu advocated changing the ethos in the late Song Dynasty and emphasized that poetry should be popular. This poem "The Tomb of the King of Yue" is the concrete embodiment of this poetic theory. The whole poem is endowed with contrast, and the last two couplets try their best to render the tragic feelings of the hero's death and tears. Qian Zhongshu commented on Zhao Shiyue in Qin Yi Lu: "If it is known to the world, the seven laws are intended to be vigorous." This poem is a masterpiece of emotion and scene. Generalization is inevitably unfair.
In addition, this poem "There is a picture in the poem", and there is a sound in the picture. Looking down our ears, we seem to see an old man holding a lamp in the breeze, looking at the south, crying and sighing.