Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo,
Humble and talented, they moved their poems from the palace to the market and from Taige to Shan Ye. The enlarged theme and serious creative thinking opened up a new direction for literary innovation at that time. Aesthetic pursuit: oppose exquisite luxury and advocate vigorous character.
Shangguanti: "Shangguanti" is the first poetic title named after an individual in the history of Tang poetry. Refers to the court poems represented by Shangguan Yi in Longshuo period of Tang Gaozong. The theme is mainly to serve harmony, respond to the system and chant things, with vague content, paying attention to the formal skills of poetry and pursuing the beauty of poetry.
Landscape Poetry School: an important poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with Meng Haoran and Wang Wei as the representatives. It mainly depicts the beauty and magnificence of mountains and rivers, praises the leisure and tranquility of rural life, and reflects the peaceful and quiet social life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Frontier Poetry School: a school of poetry that appeared in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and described frontier scenery and war life, with patriotic feelings and enterprising spirit. His style is generous and tragic, with seven words as the main tone, especially the seven-word song, with Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan and so on as the representative poets. And headed by Gao Shi and Cen Can, also known as "Gao Cen School of Poetry".
Han Meng Poetry School: The general name of poets Han Yu and Meng Jiao in the middle Tang Dynasty. Meng Jiao's poems were greatly appreciated by Han Yu, who was called "Meng Bi" at that time. At the same time, both of them are curious about hard words and have similar poetic styles, so they are called.
Bai Yuan Poetry School: Bai Yuan Poetry School refers to Han Meng Poetry School represented by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. They are realistic and popular. They launched the New Yuefu Movement, emphasizing punishing evil and promoting good in poetry, making up for the function of current politics, and striving to be easy to understand in language. He took a completely different creative path from Han Meng's poetry school.
Huajian School: Huajian School is one of the schools of ancient Chinese poetry. It appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and was born in Xishu. It was named after Hua Jian Ji edited by Zhao Chongzuo. A school of literati in ci poetry with Wen as its founder. The main poets are Sun Guangxian, Li Xun and Niu Xiji. This word school has a narrow theme and monotonous feelings. Mainly based on. Graceful expression, written about women's beauty and clothing, as well as their parting sadness. In these words, rich scenery, diverse images, gorgeous composition and detailed description can arouse the aesthetic feeling of readers' vision, hearing and smell. Due to the emphasis on tempering words and phonology, a vague and profound artistic conception has been formed. It has a certain influence on the emergence and development of later literati ci.
Tang legend: one of the novel genres. The legend of Pei Cheng, which began in the late Tang Dynasty, has a peculiar plot. It is generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as the biography of Conan Taishou, the biography of everlasting regret and the biography of Li Wa. Tang legends's artistic conception is unique and novel, which lies in change, concise and lively narrative events, vivid dialogue between characters, rich vocabulary and changeable sentence patterns. It marks the development of China's classical novels to a mature stage.
Four short answer questions
(1) The poetic achievements of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty.
The early Tang Dynasty was a turning point in the development of China's poetry, and poets (represented by the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty) laid the foundation of the poetry in the Tang Dynasty. His literary achievements mainly include the following points:
1 Preliminary establishment of the tone of poetry: its efforts to change the poetic style have promoted the initial establishment of the high-spirited spirit and strong aesthetic feeling of "Tang Yin". Kenlang's style embodies the spirit of the times;
2. The development of the theme of poetry: from court to market, from romance to cold desert, the content of poetry represents the direction of literary innovation at that time;
3. The development of poetic style: Lu and Luo are good at seven-character poems, and their seven-character poems have had a far-reaching impact; Wang and Yang worked in the Five Laws and were important founders of the Five Laws. From the five laws to the sign of two people, it was initially finalized.
(2) The differences between Gao Shi and Cen Can's frontier poems.
The differences between Gao Shi and frontier fortress poems are as follows: the former has a keen insight into the problems existing in frontier fortress and reveals unreasonable phenomena, so his poems are realistic and prosperous; The latter describes the wonders of the frontier fortress with curiosity, showing heroic feelings, and his poems are full of romantic colors, such as Bai Xuege and Journey to the Middle of Sichuan.
(3) The characteristics of Wang Wei's poems.
Empty realm; Show the realm of "no self"; The beauty of silence; Have Zen; The poetry of the scene, as shown in the picture.
(4) The characteristics of Wang Changling's frontier poems.
(Broad artistic conception, strong generalization, perfect integration of emotion and scenery, and rich expression techniques)
Most of them are in the old Yuefu style, describing the soldiers who made meritorious deeds in defending the country and killing the enemy on the frontier battlefield. Wang Changling's frontier poems basically use the seven verses.
All scenery words are love words. The selection of typical images and the depiction of the unique frontier environment make each of Wang Changling's poems look like a unique landscape painting, and the deep layer of the picture entrusts with the poet's deep and passionate feelings.
The diversity of expression techniques is a great carrier for him to embody the above ideas. Specifically, he is good at using exaggerated, rich and reasonable imagination to enrich the artistic conception of poetry.
(5) The content of Li Bai's poems.
Combating the decadent forces of society; Pursue a beautiful ideal; Eulogize the magnificent mountains and rivers; Struggle with the difficulties of life
Artistic features of li bai's poems.
Li Bai's poems combine the artistic styles of Qu Yuan, Zhuangzi and others, forming a magnificent, elegant and unrestrained style. ;
Li Bai's poems are natural and not ornamented, not only simple and natural, but also close to feelings. ;
Li Bai's poems are magnificent, and Wang Yang is unrestrained and free to fly. ;
The structure of Li Bai's poems is rarely straightforward, but jumping and undulating.
(6) The artistic achievements of Du Fu's poems.
The first artistic achievement: the overall style is gloomy and diverse, and the second artistic achievement: magnificent artistic generalization and meticulous realistic skills. The third artistic achievement: poetic artistic conception of image, emotional imagination of discussion, and the fourth artistic achievement: rigorous poetic beauty and tortuous arrogant spirit.
(7) The characteristics of Bai Juyi's satirical poems.
1 "A Sad Thing", each poem satirizes only one social problem. Be good at choosing typical characters and events and portraying students.
Move it. 3 Talk about Awakening 4 Language is popular and fluent
(8) The literary theories of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.
Han Yu advocated that "literature should carry Taoism" and "literature and Taoism should be integrated", opposed the trend of parallel prose since the Six Dynasties, and advocated prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. In literature, he advocated that "words must be kept" and "words must be done"
Liu Zongyuan's literature advocates "the unity of literature and Taoism" and "the unity of literature and Taoism" in view of the shortcomings of parallel prose, such as neglecting content and emptiness. The article is required to reflect the reality, "speak out if it is unfair", which is full of critical spirit to get rid of the disadvantages of the times.
(9) Narrative features of Tang legends.
Virtual and real, with diverse structures;
The focus of attention is the value of human nature;
The algae paintings are impressive and meaningful.
(10) What is the difference between Li Yu's early and late creations?
(1) Li Yu's early poems mainly reflect the court life of indulgence, such as "Welcome to the Pearl" dedicated to the beautiful population, which is detailed, vivid and interesting. Although his erotic poems did not break away from the old style of "flowers", they were more realistic and frank. (2) The content and mood of Li Yu's later poems changed obviously, with deep feelings and extensive words. The nostalgia for Jiangshan and the old country is full of complex emotions such as regret, grief and sorrow. He directly expressed his inner grief by simple line drawing. In his poems, the time and space span is very large, and the contrast between old things and new feelings not only produces association, but also increases emotional weight. It has a strong artistic shock.
essay question
Comparison of female images in the three legends of Tang Dynasty.
1. Li Wa is the heroine in Bai Xingjian's Biography of Li Wa. The author reveals the complexity of characters' thoughts and personalities when portraying Li Wa. At the beginning of the work, she did not leave the prostitute status of "soliciting guests" to describe her. She and Zheng Sheng "admire each other", but the "admiration" of love succumbed to the pursuit of profit. Li Wa's spiritual realm was sublimated by rescuing Xingyang's son who fell into the water after meeting Zheng Sheng again. 2. Yingying is the heroine in Yuan Zhen's biography of Yingying. After Zhang Sheng sent two poems to the maid, Yingying replied with a poem and asked Zhang Sheng to meet her in the west wing. However, after Zhang Sheng came, he accused him of indecent assault. When Zhang Sheng was desperate, Yingying took the initiative to find Zhang Sheng and recommended a pillow mat. After Zhang Sheng abandoned Yingying, the custom met Yingying with old feelings, but Yingying declined politely. "I will return to my old intentions and take pity now." In her poems, there are countless grievances about Zhang Sheng's forbearance and abandonment, which are more melted in sentimental homesickness and affectionate kindness. Thirdly, Huo Xiaoyu is the hero in Jiang Fang's Biography of Huo Xiaoyu, and his works have successfully created a touching artistic image of Huo Xiaoyu. After falling into the dust, she attached the whole meaning of life to love knowing that it was a tragic ending, preferring to be destroyed in the sublimation of human nature rather than sink into the fall of the soul. Her love tragedy is a tragedy of fate.
Talk about Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes with examples.
Correct answer: Liu Zongyuan's Travel Notes on Mountains and Rivers inherited the achievements of Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics, and made a breakthrough. It is not a purely objective description of mountains and rivers, but a strong loneliness permeated in the description, and an eternal universal feeling is expressed through the vivid description of mountains and rivers. Such as "Western Hills of Cobalt Tanks".
Explain with examples why Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry".
The Anshi Rebellion brought countless disasters and changes to poetry creation, and the theme of war-torn life naturally entered poetry creation. Du Fu wrote many important events in this war with his poems, wrote about the sufferings of the people in the war, and showed the broad picture of the whole social life in the war with vivid and profound images, so his poems were called "the history of poetry" by later generations. Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" because of their historical cognitive value. Important historical events that are often mentioned are reflected in his poems. In the first year of Zhide, Tang Tao suffered an oblique defeat and was later defeated by the Qing class. Du Fu has "Sad Chen Tao" and "Sad Qingban"; After recovering the two capitals, Du Fu wrote "Three Poems of Receiving Beijing" and "I am glad to hear that the government troops have been in the thief's territory for 20 rhymes"; Nine quarters of troops surrounded Yecheng, and it seems that victory is just around the corner. Du Fu wrote "Washing Military Forces"; Later, he was defeated by Yecheng in the ninth season, and enlisted soldiers to supplement his troops along the way. Du Fu has "three officials" and "three separation".