Li Shen is the founder and main participant of the New Yuefu Movement. His early poems are easy to understand and reflect reality. His later poems are elegant in content, focusing on expressing personal emotions, pursuing artistic skills, neat form, and The sound is harmonious. Do you know which dynasty poet Li Shen was? Follow me to find out.
Which dynasty was Li Shen a poet?
Tang Dynasty.
Introduction to Li Shen
Li Shen (772-846), also known as Gongchui. His ancestral home is Qiaoxian County, Bozhou (now Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Prime Minister and poet of the Tang Dynasty, he was the great-grandson of Zhongshu Ling Li Jingxuan.
Li Shen lost his father when he was six years old and moved to Wuxi, Runzhou with his mother. At the age of twenty-seven, he became a Jinshi and served as an assistant to Guozi. Later, he successively served as the minister of Zhongshu, Youpuse of Shangshu, and the governor of Huainan. He died in Yangzhou in the sixth year of Huichang (846) at the age of seventy-four. He was posthumously given the title of Taiwei, with the posthumous title "Wensu".
Li Shen had close friendships with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, and was a participant in the New Yuefu Movement. He wrote twenty poems in "New Titles of Yuefu", which have been lost. The two representative poems are "Compassion for the Farmers": "It is noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat is dripping on the soil. Who knows that every grain of rice on the plate is hard work." "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains four volumes of his poems.
Characteristics of Li Shen’s poetry
Li Shen (772-846), courtesy name Gongchui, was born in Qiaoxian County, Bozhou (now Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province), and was born in Meili, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province , Jinshi in the first year of Xianzong Yuanhe, was a poet in the Yuanhe period of the middle Tang Dynasty and one of the important members of the Yuanbai Poetry School. Li Shen, together with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, promoted the development of the "New Yuefu Movement" in the Mid-Tang Dynasty. His pioneering position and role in the "New Yuefu Movement" cannot be ignored. Chapter 6 of "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty": "The gentry was short and sharp, and was particularly famous for his poetry. He was named 'Duan Li'. At the same time as Li Deyu and Yuan Zhen, he was called the 'Three Heroes'." 109-110 Li Shen's poetry actually has a origin. The process of change from popular to elegant. His early poems had obvious popular characteristics. Due to the improvement of social status, changes in ideological taste and the influence of the poetry world, his later poems tended to be elegant.
1. Rhyme Department of Li Shen's Poems
Through induction, Li Shen's poems have 30 rhymes, including 11 rhymes with Yin tone, 13 rhymes with Yang tone, and 6 rhymes with Entering tone. It is divided into two parts: modern poetry and ancient poetry. The two adjacent parts are listed next to each other. In order to save space, the first two characters of the poem's title are taken, and the rhyme characters are distinguished by single underlining, emphasis, and double underlining.
(1) Yin tone rhyme
1. Fat part (Zhizhi rhyme in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 1 example of the same use of Ping tone branch : "Liu Er" (Part 1) Fence flag silk. Two examples of the common use of Pingshengzhizhi: "Dragon Palace" Shi Zhiqi Jichi. "Liu Er" (Part 2) Silk Eyebrow.
Ancient poetry: An example of the same use of Pingsheng and Zhizhi: "Over the Ridge" Sad Snake Sui. An example of the same use of Pingsheng branch: "Yingying" (Part 4) Zhi Shizhi. An example of the same use of Pingsheng Zhizhi: "Wenli" Ci Shiqi. There are 2 examples of the same use of Shangshengzhizhi: "Sheyuan" Qili Shui. "Ancient Style" (Part 1) The son dies. There are 2 examples of the same use in Shangsheng paper: "Compassion and Benevolence", "Thirst Death". "Yingying" (Part 4) is better than the paper. An example of micro-general use of liposynthetic fat: "Hard work". A case of micro-general use of Pingshengzhizhi: "Wenli" Erfa Jifei. One example of the common use of Shangshengzhi and Shengzhi: "Giving Mao" means death. 1 example of a common name for the Qushengzhi team: "Yingying" (Part 3) Yimei.
2. Micro part (Micro rhyme of "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 4 examples of flat tones of Wei being used alone: ??"Tiger Bu" is powerful but not powerful. "Kaiyuan Temple" Fei Wei Weiyi. "Looking" (Part 2) Wei Feiyi. "He Jin" (Part 1) Weiyi.
Ancient poetry: 2 examples of using it alone in a low tone: "Compassion and Kindness" Fei Guihui. "Gusu" Fei Huifei.
3. Yumo Department (Yuyu Moyun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of the sole use of Pingshengyu: "Ruyang" Shuyuluyu. "Worship Three" Lu Che Fish House. One example of Ping Sheng Yu being used alone: ??"Yi Guo" Confucian Xu Fu. There are 2 examples of the same use of the flat-sounding Yu model: "Qihan" Fu Tu Mo Yu stove pot special beads lonely flattering body disciple Shu Shuhu Ku Tu Fu drives Yu Qi Xu Zhu Zhu Wu Tu Yu Yu Fu Su Gu Hu Chun teased Wu Fu Ju Chu Ru Yuhu Zhu. "Bie Lian" symbol diagram is dead K.
Ancient style poems: 3 examples of the sole use of flat-sounding fish: "Nanliang" Shu Luqu. "She Yuan" lives in Yuru. "Yi Deng" The rest of the house is sparse and comfortable, like a stinging fish in the ruins of Juxu. There is only one example of the single use of Ping Sheng Yu: Yu Xu Yu in "Yu Ling". There is only one example of the upper tone being used exclusively: "Compassion and Kindness" in the female language. There are 2 cases where the upper tone Lao is used alone: ??"Yijiu" bitter vomiting Urahu blocking. "Ancient Style 2" (Part 2) The soil is bitter. There are 2 examples of the same use of the upper tone lao: "Emerald" Wuwupu. "Gift of Hair" The native tiger. One example of a common Shang Tone language: "Nan Liang" Yu Lv. An example of the general use of the upper tone language Lao: "Yingying" (Part 2) where the natives are located. An example of the general use of the upper tone language "Lao": "Yi Xi" Yu Zhu Yu Kubu. A common example of Ping Sheng Yu Qu Sheng Mu: "Yi Jiu" Ju Yu Bu. An example of the general use of the up-tone language to remove the tone and keep in the evening: "Yingying" (Part 4). There is only one example of Shangsheng paper being universal: Shi Wuer, the author of "Gift Mao".
4. Qibu (Qiyun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 5 examples of using Qi in plain tone alone: ??"Remembering the Night" with low Qi ladder title Ni. "Returning Life" is titled Ni Jigui. "Looking at the Sea" is low and low. "Yu Temple" Ji Ni Ni Qi. "Quedu" Qi Ti Ji Xi.
Ancient style poems: 2 examples of using flat tones alone: ??"Nan Liang" "Miscellaneous Chicken". "Shangjia" the flowers are singing together.
5. Jibu (Jiajiyun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: flat tones are used alone. 1 example: "Zhong" Zhaihuai Jie Burial.
6. 醪浚ā豆阍Xifangxixi:
Modern poetry: 6 examples of the use of plain tone gray 褬: "Recalling the Spring Day" Kaihui Laizaimei. "Chuyang Chun" cup opens and urges the stage. "Yi Dong" comes back to destroy the plum blossoms. "Deng Yu" came to Kaimei stage before returning to destroy the tire and urge the cup. The thunder media destroyed the disaster and accompanied Kuma to guess it. "Baixuan" comes to Tai Lei. "Jiangnan" returned with a plum score. An example of the same use of Pingsheng Huizhi Xianhai: "Begonia" is a colorful plant with a cup.
Ancient poetry: 1 example of Pingsheng Hailao: "Gusu" opens the stage. There is only one example of Shanghai Shenghai using it: "Yuoling" Hai Zaizai.
7. Xiaobu (Xiao Xiaoyun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of Pingshengxiao being used alone: ??"Dongwu" is a move that shakes the sky. "Desire to Arrive" The tide is far away from Ruiqiao. 4 examples of the same use of Xiao Xiao in plain tone: "Xinchang" Xiao Tiao Miao Qiao. "Early Autumn" Chao Zhen mink. "Farewell" A fluttering bridge. "Sugua" shakes the tide and soars.
Ancient style poetry: 1 example of the same use of S in the upper tone: "Moving Nine" Little Birds.
8. Hao Bu ("Guang Yun" Hao Rhyme):
Modern poetry: Ping Sheng Hao is used alone in 2 cases: "Enter the Huai" Gao Tao Aomao. "New Building" Gao Ao Maotao.
Ancient poetry: One example of Ping Shenghao being used alone: ??"She Yuan" Taosao Hao. One example of the sole use of Shangsheng: Haolaodaocao in "Shangjia". An example of a common use of the upper tone: "Wenli" is full of good grass. An example of the same use of the rising and falling tones: "Yi Dong" Aobao fell early in the morning, Hao Lian said, Caosao Lao prayed to sweep the island and hold her in arms.
9. Song part ("Guangyun" Ge Ge rhyme):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of the same use of plain tone Ge Ge: "Shou Chu" Luo Bo Dosha. There are more "Yi Ti" than Luo Bo.
10. Ma Bu (Ma Yun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of single use of Ma in the flat tone: "Yi Zhi" Xia Xia Crow Car Flower. "Piling" Jiaxia, flowers and crows.
Ancient poetry: One example of the sole use of Pingshengma: "Crow Flower Credit" in "Guo Jing". 1 example of the general use of l in the ascending tone and horse-moving tone: "Wenli" Zhaxiao Ma Xie. One example of the general use of horses and crabs in Shangsheng: "Yingying" (Part 3).
11. Hou Bu ("Guang Yun" You Hou You Yun):
Modern poetry: Ping tone is especially used in 4 examples: "Que Arrives" Autumn worries about asking for a boat. "Looking" (Part 1) Autumn. "But Enter" Qiuzhou is full of sorrow. "Duanzhou" (Part 2) Autumn Sorrow. There are 3 examples of the same use of Ping Sheng Youhou: "Su Yang" Qiuzhou Niulou. "Mangui" Lou hook flows in autumn. "Heavy Arrival" I am worried about traveling in the first autumn. An example of the same use as "Ping", "You Hou You" and "Guo Wu": "Liuzhoulouzhou, Youhou, Liuyu, Fuyouqiu, Gou search, Autumn harvest, Shy head, Worry, Post, repair, worry and stealing." ? Archaic poetry: Pingsheng is especially used alone. 1 example: "Gusu" Liu Youzhou.
(2) Yang tone rhyme
1. Dongfang (Eastern rhyme of "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 6 examples of Pingshengdong being used alone: ??"Remembering Quilt" 》In Tongfeng Palace. "Cuckoo" stroke and red. In "Water Temple", they are connected to the same palace. "Suzhou" is in the palace with the same wind. In "Jianxuan", the air is open to the public. "Hibiscus" red wind.
Ancient style poem: One example of the common east bell with a flat sound: "Over the Ridge" Feng Zhongdong.
2. Winter part (Winter Bell Rhyme in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of single-use flat-tone bells: "Chonglian" Chongrong Peak. "Qingyun" peaks with dragons and heavy pines.
3. Zhenbu ("Guangyun" Zhenzhenzhenyun):
Modern poetry: 4 examples of the sole use of "Ping Shengzhen": "Su Yue" The human minister is scaled. "But Passed" The minister's body is scaled. "Re-entry" People's body and body are dusty. "To the Pool" Human scarf. 6 examples of the same use of Ping Sheng Zhen Zhen: "Fa Shou" Ren Chun Shen Jin. "Seven Years" people are in spring. "Qishu" people have spring dust scales. "Jianyuan" Chenren Chunjin. "Wanghe" spring dust body. "Mountain Comes Out" has many guests during the New Year. A common example of Pingsheng Zhenwen: "He Jin" (Part 3) Yubin.
Ancient poetry: 1 example of the same use of plain tone and sincerity: "Gift Mao" Spring New Year.
4. Wenbu ("Guangyun" Literary Rhythm):
Modern poetry: 4 examples of flat-tone prose being used exclusively: "Yi Fang" Yun Wen Qun Sui! Du Xiuchang ordered him to pay a penny. "Huashan" Yun Yunqun Wenjun. "He Jin" (Part 2) Group Essays.
Archaic poetry: 1 example of single use of flat-tone prose: "Nagato" Fen Wenjun. A common example of plain-sounding literary spirit: "Yingying" (Part 2) Junmentun.
5. Yuanbu ("Guangyun" Yuanhun trace rhyme):
Modern poetry: flat tone Yuanhun is used together. 1 example: "Recalling the Qujiang River in Spring" Yuanzun Fanmen. An example of the same use of Pingsheng Yuanhen: "Bie Shuang" Xuan Fanyangen.
Ancient style poetry: 2 examples of the sole use of Pingshenghun: "Sheyuan" Hunkunhun. "Over the Ridge" the faint door is warm. An example of the same use of Pingsheng Yuanhun: "Guojing" the soul is wronged. An example of the same use of Pingshenghunhen: "Giving Hair" by Sun Genhun. An example of the same use of Pingsheng Yuanhunhen: "Wenli" Yan En N Xuanmen Dou. A common example of removing the sound and wishing: "Compassion and Kindness" Feast of Resentment.
6. Han part ("Guangyun" Hanhuan rhyme):
Modern poetry: Pingshenghan is used alone in 1 example: "Huading" Dantan Hanhan. Three examples of the same use of Pingsheng Hanhuan: "Feihe" (Part 1) Guan Di Hantan Gan. "Remembering Ten Thousands" is full of joy. "South Court" Han Kanduan.
1 example of changing the same use to Sheng Han: "Pan Wu" h Mandanpan Sanduananlanlanchaantan sighs that it is difficult to judge playing with storks and Han Han.
Ancient poetry: One example of Pingshenghan being used alone: ??"Yingying" (Part 3) Having a meal. Three examples of the same use of Pingshenghanhuan: "Beishan" Luan Tanduan. "The Compassionate Talent" is a dry bomb. "Shangjia" is a happy song. There is only one example of Qu Sheng Han being used alone: ??"Nan Liang" "Charming Tan Dan". An example of using Qushenghan instead: "Compassion and Kindness" with a sigh. An example of changing the upper tone, dryness, slowness and falling tone to general use: "Gusu Terrace" Man San Guan.
7. Deletion (the mountain rhyme is deleted from "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: Pingshengshan is used exclusively in one example: "Quiewang" (Part 4) between mountains. There are 3 examples of using the same method for deleting mountains in plain tone: "Feihe" (Part 2) Climb the mountain again. "Early Crossing" The mountains and passes are barbaric. "Spiritual Snake" Xianhuanjian Mountain.
Ancient poetry: One example of Pingshengshan being used alone: ??"Nanliang" between Yinshan Mountain. There are 2 examples of the same use of Pingsheng and Shanshan: "Nanliang" Yanshanjian. "Over the Ridge" is a rough and tough look. A case of universal removal of the upper voice line: "Gift Mao" hospital slip.
8. Xianbu (Xianxian Rhyme in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 10 examples of the same use of Xianxian in Pingsheng: "Hangzhou" (Part 1) Lianquanyanchan. "Hailiu" Yanjuan Yannian. "Cold Forest" Yan Tianxianquanlian. "Inscription Method" Tianxianquan Lianran Chuantian Lianchuan Qianyan Years Sichuan Chan entangled before the suspense. "Looking Back" Lian Tianlian. "Looking" (Part 5) Maekawa. "Su Yang" The ship is full of smoke. "Guishan" (Part 1) Lian Tianquan. "Remote Knowledge" Lian Yanjuanxian. "Tai Bo" Quan Nian.
Ancient poetry: 2 examples of the same use of Pingsheng Xianxian: "Yijiu" then the day before last. "Yingying" (Part 2) Tiandian Fairy. There are 3 examples of the same use of dephonated graupel lines: "Nanliang" hall becomes graupel. "Crossing the Jing" is transferred to see you. "Over the Ridge" the graupel turns into a swallow.
9. Yang part ("Guangyun" Yangtang rhyme):
Modern poetry: Pingsheng Yangtang is used in 3 cases: "Yan'an" Yang Cangfang injury. "Lingsi" Yang Guangxiang, Shangtang. "Jiangting" Intestinal famine.
Ancient poetry: 5 examples of Ping Sheng and Yang Tang being used together: "Nan Liang" Chang Guang. "Over the Ridge" Huang Fangguang. "Moving Nine" Cangyang Township. "Wenli" Sang Lang Liang. "Reward" Liangguang Changr's room went to Wangzhanghang to install the beams and Fangshuang Xiangchang. There is one example of the sole use of Shangshengyang: "Sheyuan" with two oars. An example of using the same expression without Yang Dang: "Shang Jia" Shang Fang Kuang Wang Wang.
10. Gengbu ("Guangyun" Genggeng Qingyun):
Modern poetry: Pingshengqing is used alone. 1 example: "First Out" Qingying Qingqingcheng. An example of the same use of Ping Sheng and Geng Geng: "Yi Shou" strives to welcome the bright future. 6 examples of the same use of Pingsheng, Gengqing and Qing: "Early Hair" shocked Cheng Chengqing. "Gaoqiao" has a clear reputation. "True Mother" Sheng Qing Qing. "Farewell Stone" declares Yingqing. "Arrived at Xuan" Jing Zhen Ming Jing Heng Ying Qing Qing light barracks Qing Ying welcomed the couplet sound Xingqing Mingming sincerity and pouring over Pingcheng Ming Jing's love turned into a whale. "Giving Wei" the sound of soldiers marching. An example of the same use of Ping Sheng Geng Qing: "Bei Tower" Qingying Qingcheng. Two examples of the same use of Pingsheng, Genggengqing: "Duxi" Pingsheng is light, Hengying is bright, the feelings are prosperous, Qingyingcheng is fighting for the sincerity and sincerity. "Guishan" (Part 2) Farming brings love.
Ancient poetry: An example of the same use of Shangsheng and Jing: Jing Jing in "Nanliang". A common example of removing the sound reflection path: "Guojing" Mirror Reflection Path.
11. Qingbu (Qingyun in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 2 examples of flat-sounding Qing being used alone: ??"Guishan" with screen shape and spirit. "Ti Bai" listen to the inscription.
Ancient poetry: One example of the sole use of Pingshengqing: "Guojing" Pavilion Xingling.
12. Zhengbu ("Guangyun" Zhengdeng rhyme):
Modern poetry: Pingsheng Zhengdeng is used together in 2 examples: "Guo Zhong" Lingcheng Deng hates Yingying. "Recalling the Han Dynasty" Ping Teng.
13. Invasion Division (Invasion Rhyme in "Guangyun"):
Modern poetry: 11 examples of the sole use of "Invasion" in plain tone: "Suxi" Yin Yin Shen Jincen. "Hangzhou" (Part 2) is deep in the golden forest. "The Orangery" The depth of gold comes to the heart. "On the City" the bird's quilt chants in the deep darkness. "Ruoye" is dark and heart-wrenching. "Looking" (Part 3) is dark and dark. "But Arrives" is about searching for gold. "Answer" Golden Heart. "Red Banana" is deep in the heart. "Duanzhou" (Part 1) Xunjin. "Wen Yuan" is deeply affecting.
Ancient poetry: 1 example of the sole use of plain tone invasion: "She Yuan" is gloomy and deep.
(3) Entering the rhyme
1. Wuzhu rhyme (Wuzhu rhyme in "Guangyun"):
2 examples of using the candle alone: ??"Over" "Ling" continues to promote Xu. "Compassion and Kindness" is a candle song. An example of the same use of house candles: "Crossing the Thorns" The Valley Cries for Shu. One example of the same use of Wuwo: "Yuoling": taking poison.
2. Zhibu (Zhishu Zhiyun in "Guangyun"):
One example of the sole use of Zhi: "Shangjia", the Japanese room was diseased and the secret was lost. An example of the same use of quality techniques: "Yingying" Ji Ri Qi Zhi comes out. There are 2 cases with no common quality: "Yu Ling" Miri Gu. "The Compassionate Talent" is dying. There is one case in which the quality technique is not universal: "Gift Hair" disease bone.
3. Wubu (wuyun in "Guangyun"):
One example of Wuwu being common: "Sheyuan" has no Wugu.
4. Yue Xue Department (Yue Xue Yun in "Guang Yun")
One example of using Yue Xue together: "Gusu" destroys Yue Yue. An example of the same use of Yuexi Xue: "Early Plum" has a cracked tongue, Yuebiezhejiexue. Two examples of common crumbs at the end of the month: "Compassion and Kindness" Brushing the snow and cutting the moon. "Fu Yue" The moon is clear, broad and wise. ? 5. Mo Xibu ("Guangyun" Momai Xixiyun):
There are 2 examples of Momai being used together: "Nanliang" Separate Guest. "Moving Nine" banished guest Bai. Two examples of the same use of Mo Xi: "Guo Jing" Ke Mo Shi. "Giving Hair" Bi Zhaike.
An example of the same use of Xi and Xi: "Yuoling" Xi benefits the enemy.
6. Department of Professional Ethics ("Guangyun" Professional Virtue Rhyme):
One example of the sole use of virtue: "Guo Ke Luo" in "Gusu Terrace". 4 examples of the same professional ethics: "Over the Ridge" Beibei Zhi. "Recalling the West" Yi Sui was confused and recalled. "Emerald" can rest with its wings. "Yingying" (part three) knows Beili.
2. Analysis of the Rhyme Department of Li Shen’s Poetry
It can be seen from the rhyme examples that the rhyme used in Li Shen’s poetry basically corresponds to the unique and shared use of "Guangyun", which is more in line with Wang's rhyme. Li's "History of Chinese Phonetics" researched the Sui-Mid Tang phonology, but the rhyme used in his poems also reflects some of the characteristics of the late Tang-Five Dynasties phonology. The main aspects are as follows:
(1) It can be seen from the rhyme examples that the unique and shared use of rhyme in Li Shen's modern poetry is basically the same as that in "Guangyun", which is in line with the concept constructed by Mr. Wang Li. Sui-Mid Tang phonology. Li Shen's modern poetry has clear boundaries between rhymes and rhymes. There is only one example of different parts rhyming with each other, which is the third one in "He Jin Gong's Three Poems". The true rhyme and literary rhyme are consistent; there is no such thing as different rhymes in modern poetry. , the four tones are clearly separated. Poets in the Tang Dynasty generally used flat-tone rhymes when creating rhyme poems, and rarely used oblique rhymes. Li Shen's poem "Pan Five Lakes" used oblique rhymes, and both Han-style rhymes and changing rhymes were used. In general, the rhyme used in Li Shen's modern poetry is strict and standardized, and it can be seen that his rhyme is deeply influenced by official rhyme.
(2) There are only 24 ancient poems by Li Shen, which account for a small proportion of his existing poems. However, the rhyme used in his ancient poems is also very important. Unlike the strict rhyme used in modern poems, his ancient poems use rhymes The rhyme is wider, and the rhyme used in ancient poetry can more truly reflect the actual pronunciation changes at that time. Some of the rhyme used are in line with the late Tang-Five Dynasties phonology. The situation of Li Shen's poems rhyming with different parts and different tunes mainly exists in ancient poetry. There are 8 cases of rhyming with different tunes in his ancient poems. In these examples, they all rhyme with the same photo, and except for "Gift" Except for the "Mao Xianweng" production line, which generally belongs to the Shanbu and Xianbu, the others all belong to the same rhyme department. In his ancient poems, there are 17 cases of different tunes and 3 cases of cross-shooting. Among other rhymes that belong to different rhyme parts of the same rhyme, Shanshe and Zhenshe have the most common rhymes, with 4 and 6 cases respectively, indicating that there was confusion in the actual pronunciation of the two shots at that time, and the rhyme parts of the two shots were changing. . Li Shen's ancient poetry changes rhymes very freely, and does not pay attention to the number of rhyme changes and the use of oblique rhymes, and his use of rhymes does not avoid repetition.
(3) Li Shen’s poems use rhyme carefully, and mostly use wide rhyme (only modern poetry is discussed), such as Zhen rhyme entering rhyme 11 times, Xian rhyme entering rhyme 10 times, and Geng rhyme entering rhyme 11 times. ; Rarely use narrow rhyme, such as Wei rhyme enters rhyme 4 times, Wen rhyme enters rhyme 4 times, Qing rhyme enters rhyme twice; Danger rhyme is rarely used, such as Jie rhyme enters rhyme once, Jiang rhyme enters rhyme once, Jiang rhyme does not enter rhyme, etc. . There are 220 rhyme examples in Li Shen's 140 poems, including 86 cases of Yin tone rhyme, accounting for 39% of the total, 110 cases of Yang tone rhyme, accounting for 50% of the total, and 24 cases of Entering tone rhyme, accounting for 11% of the total. It can be seen that Li Shen Gentlemen prefer to use yang rhyme. Among the yang rhymes, Xianbu, Gengbu, Zhenbu, Invasion and Hanbu are more preferred, with 15, 13, 12, 12 and 12 cases respectively. These rhymes account for 58% of the yang rhymes.
(4) The division and combination of rhymes. Some of the rhymes used in Li Shen's poems show a trend of changes in the phonological system from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. For example, the Shu tone rhyme and the promoting tone rhyme show different characteristics in the entry rhyme. The sounds and rhymes are mixed without distinction, but the Shu sound rhyme of Dongyun still maintains its unique use[2]34. The Shu sound rhyme and Ru sound rhyme of Geng rhyme and Qing rhyme, Yuan rhyme and Xian rhyme also show the same characteristics. At the same time, the fish part The Yu part, the branch part and the Wei part all show the trend of combining parts. The division and combination of the rhyme part of Li Shen's poems reflects the changes in the rhyme part of the late Tang Dynasty.
The rhyme used in Li Shen’s poems shows different characteristics between modern poetry and ancient poetry. Modern poetry closely adheres to the official rhyme, while ancient poetry more reflects the actual pronunciation of the time. By analyzing the rhyme used in Li Shen’s poetry, we can examine the mid- to late- The changes in rhyme divisions and combinations during the transitional period of the Tang Dynasty.