In the Qing Dynasty, the Chu people recorded the love letter between Suzhou Zhan and his wife in the note novel Jane Xuan Ji. His wife's letter to her husband is as follows ... An ancient poem says: cardamom doesn't need to hate, cloves are empty in the rain. What can I do? What can I do? "What does" hate "mean here? If we look at the structural form of poetry, the upper and lower sentences are relatively neat, and "hate" should be "worry". Is it reasonable?
Looking back at the evolution and development of language, we know that language, like other things in the world, is constantly moving, changing and developing, which is reflected in the change of meaning. So the same word has the difference between ancient meaning and modern meaning. Words with different meanings, such as "hate", are easily misunderstood when reading ancient books. Therefore, pay attention to the difference between ancient meaning and modern meaning. It has become an important part of our accurate understanding of ancient languages. There are many changes in the meaning of words in ancient and modern times, including the strengthening and weakening of the meaning, which refers to the strengthening and weakening of the meaning of words. For example, the word "hunger" in the ancient "hunger" that we are familiar with refers to serious hunger, which has reached the degree of being threatened by death, such as "hunger" in Mencius. For example, the word "resentment" means "hate" in ancient times, but today's "resentment" has weakened from the ancient meaning of "hatred" to the meaning of "dissatisfaction and complaint", such as "working hard and complaining"; For another example, the word "disease" in today's word "disease" refers to a general disease, just like "disease", while "disease" in the ancient meaning is different from "disease" and refers to a serious illness. Today, the meaning of these words has been weakened.
The ancient and modern meaning of "hate" has also changed. The present meaning of "hate" is "hate, resentment", which has a heavy meaning, while in ancient times it was "regret and dissatisfaction", with a light ancient meaning, and "regret" is a synonym (the original meaning of "regret" is "regret, dissatisfaction and unhappiness"). "Shuowen" preached to Wu: "A son dies for his father, and he hates it when he dies." Preface to Biography of Lingguan in the Five Dynasties: "I still hate these three things." The "hate" in these places can be interpreted as "regret". Sima Qian's letter to Ren An: "A long dead soul has endless personal grievances." "Personal resentment" is the inner feeling.
Ancient literati used the word "hate" in their poems. If you don't understand the meaning and content of "hate" at this time, your understanding of the connotation of poetry will be biased. For example, Du Zimei, who has always been concerned about the country and the people, once wrote: "Where you cry, there are lonely birds crying" ("Spring Hope"), "Misfortune frosts your temples, heartache and tiredness are the dust in wine" ("Up the Mountain"). Du Fu hated the political ideal of "letting the monarch go to Yao and Shun, and then making the vulgar pure". He worked hard all his life and served the court faithfully. When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he was over 40 years old. In the process of escape, he witnessed the destruction of the capital and the displacement of the people, and wrote his famous book Hope for Spring with sadness. At this time, his "hate" is "going through all kinds of hardships, deeply feeling the hardships of life, wandering in a foreign land, sick and disabled, which makes him feel deeply. The "bitterness" and "hate" include his feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his helplessness in worrying about his own destiny.
He was once the king of a country. After the death of the country, during his house arrest, "only Lacrimosa every day" became the "Southern King" of the eternal poetry circle (as Shen Xiong said in "Ancient and Modern Thorns" in Qing Dynasty). It is precisely "the unfortunate poet of the country is lucky, and words begin to play a role in the vicissitudes of life." He wrote in Looking at the South of the Yangtze River: "How much hate?" Flowers and the moon are spring breeze! "The dream reproduces the happy scene when I went swimming in the back garden of Nantang in spring. How delightful! This is a way to write a contrast between sadness and joy. The grief and indignation of the pain of national subjugation is summarized as a word "hate" by the poet, which shows the poet's strong feelings of lifelong regret. Li Houzhu also has "hate" in Qing Ping Le: "Hate is like spring grass, far away, endless, everywhere, and the image can be felt.
Su, who created a bold and unconstrained style of ci, was so open-minded that he was famous for his "misty rain all his life" and "rain or shine". His works also contain "hate": "There should be no hate, what should be different?" This is Su Shi's word for missing his younger brother Ziyou on Mid-Autumn Festival night. His words shuttle between fantasy and reality, and his thoughts wander between heaven and earth ... "Hate" and "Hate" are full of sadness and parting feelings that relatives cannot reunite. Li Shangyin's untitled "But far away is a magic mountain, you are on the other side, away from ten thousand peaks" borrows Liu Lang's allusions to write farewell scenes.
Li Shangyin's cicada, "pure heart and lack of desire, singing all night, this last broken breath, among the green and indifferent trees!" Yes, I left like a driftwood, and I made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your advice and live a pure life like you. "It is a poem about cicada singing, which means that the cicada in the poem is the author's own shadow. Therefore, the "hate" in the poem should be the poet's inner anguish and emotion.
As a generation of literati, Bai Juyi was successful. He wrote many bleak scenes with realistic brushstrokes, which sounded the alarm again and again. His Song of Eternal Sorrow is a masterpiece of his life. The song of everlasting regret is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story and a touching seed buried in the poem. Let people guess, recall and feel for themselves. "The earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day both will end, and this hatred is endless. " The "hate" here is the sadness that lovers seldom get together. The deep affection between Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei, and the yearning of both sides after the death of the imperial concubine, can transcend the heavens and the earth. In Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, there are two sentences, which express his political blow.
Qin Guan, a representative writer of graceful and restrained school, is famous for his poems, and his words are appreciated by Su Shi. His poetry style is graceful and slender, gentle and charming, beautiful, and the artistic conception is deep and sad. In "Queqiao Fairy", "subtle clouds are clever, flying stars spread hatred, and silver is far from Han." Stars and China people convey the love and hate of soul mates ... "Showing the comfort of friends can't dispel the deep sadness that wraps the author, but it even evokes his hatred of being a stranger in a foreign land." It is incalculable to build this hatred ",and this" hatred "not only refers to the bitterness of moving and falling, but also includes the sadness of leaving his relatives in another country.
From this point of view, "hate" in ancient poetry articles is often related to sadness and misfortune. "Hate" includes both great sorrow and great suffering, pity for people-"worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing in the intestines", and worrying about national affairs-"being a drowned rat, spring will come"; There is also self-pity, lack of talent, and lamenting the fate-"Taoyuan is nowhere to be found"; There is a parting word that expresses the sadness of relatives and friends-"sadness is getting farther and farther"; There is also the love-hate relationship that the lovers can't reunite-"the rivers are clear and shallow, and there are thousands of differences."
Li Houzhu has a saying: "When you are worried about your life, how can you avoid ecstasy?" Ancient literati are a large group of "sentimental" people who are particularly sensitive to anxiety. In Huang Tingjian's poem, "Life is unsatisfactory, and nine times out of ten." In the eyes of many literati, life is a kind of "misfortune" and "distress". Therefore, poetry is good at expressing "melancholy" and "sadness".
"If you use books, you will hate less, and you will be covered in poetry." Pay more attention, accumulate more, and sum up more. There is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and a bright future will emerge.