The clear river flows slowly through the bushes like my chariot.
I became a traveling companion and went home with the birds at dusk.
An abandoned city wall is above an old ferry, and the autumn sunset drowns the peaks.
In a distant place, next to Songshan Mountain, I will close my door and get peace.
order
Guisong Mountain is a five-character poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei. This poem expresses the author's quiet and indifferent leisure by describing the scenery he saw on his way to retire from Songshan Mountain.
The first line writes about his departure in seclusion; In fact, Zhuan Xu wrote about water and birds, and wrote about his feelings of returning to the mountains, such as the secluded heart of flowing water, such as birds returning at dusk; The couplets on the neck are about the ancient crossing in the deserted city and the autumn mountain in the sunset, which are full of feelings in the scenery and reflect the twists and turns of the poet's feelings; The tail couplet describes the height of the mountain and points out the author's hiding place and purpose. The whole poem is simple and fresh, natural and natural, especially the two couplets in the middle, which empathize with the scenery. The image is sparse, and the poet writes casually, but it is exquisite and subtle.
To annotate ...
Songshan: one of the five mountains, named Zhongyue, is located in the northwest of Dengfeng City, Henan Province.
Qingchuan: Qingliu refers to Yishui and its tributaries. Qing: One is Qing. Chuan: River. Belt: Surround and reflect the belt. Thin: On the land where vegetation is overgrown with weeds, it is thinner when vegetation is interlaced.
Go: Go. Idle: As cool as a cucumber.
Dusk: A bird in the evening. Bird: A "cloud". Stage: Accompany each other.
Desert City: According to the counties near Songshan Mountain, such as Dengfeng, there are many ups and downs, and the desert city should be a desert county. Pro: Front, lean up. Gudu: refers to the ancient ferry site.
Jump: a distant appearance. Pass: Describe the distance. Gao Song: Songshan is also called Songshan.
And: Will. Retreat: Buddhism retreats behind closed doors. There is a feeling of closing the door and not interacting with people. Close: a "mask".
translate
The clear Sichuan water is surrounded by a piece of vegetation, and the horses are driving away slowly. The running water seems to be full of affection for me, and the birds in the evening return with me. The desolate city is close to the ancient ferry, and the afterglow of the sunset is full of golden autumn mountains. At the foot of the distant and lofty Songshan Mountain, I closed the door and refused to spend my old age in the secular world.
Make an appreciative comment
Returning to Songshan describes the scenery and leisurely mood that the poet saw on his way to seclusion.
"The clear river flows slowly through the bushes like my chariot." The first couplet describes the poet's seclusion in Songshan Mountain. Clear water flows around the endless woodland, and the poet's chariots and horses walk leisurely, depicting a leisurely scene. After being an official all his life, the poet finally resigned and retired, enjoying the fun of the mountains and forests, and his mood was naturally peaceful and leisurely. The word "leisure" not only depicts the calmness of the horses and chariots moving forward slowly, but also shows the poet's carefree mood well. Couplets followed by the phrase "clear river, passing through its bushes" further described the scenery along the way. The water in the river gurgles like a human being, and it follows the poet; Sunset birds in the forest returned to their habitat, as if they were returning with poets. Empathy and scenery here personify flowing water and yellow birds, and the scenery is lively. In addition, it also reflects the poet's kindness to mountains and rivers and his complacency in seclusion. The poet's farewell and seclusion are like a faint bird returning from fatigue. At this time, the poet detached himself from the world and sent his feelings to the mountains and forests, which can be described as profound and affectionate.
The middle four sentences further describe the scenery on the way to seclusion. The third sentence "Being a fellow traveler" inherits Qing Chuan, and the fourth sentence "Returning home late at night" inherits slender, which is directly developed from "Running slowly as my chariot". Empathy here personifies "flowing water" and "yellow bird", as if they are also full of human feelings: the river is clear and gurgling, and birds fly back to the lush forest in the evening to live, as if they are returning with the poet. On the surface, these two sentences are written about "water" and "bird", but in fact they are the author's own feelings: first, they reflect the carefree mood of the poet at the beginning of his return to the mountains, and second, they contain the author's sustenance. The phrase "flowing water" means that it will never return, indicating its firm seclusion attitude; The sentence "Twilight Birds" contains the meaning of "birds are tired of flying and know how to return", revealing that the reason for their retirement is disappointment and boredom with real politics. Therefore, this couplet is not a general description of the scene, but a feeling in the scene and a hint in the understanding.
"An abandoned city wall covered an old ferry, and the autumn sunset flooded the mountain peak." This couplet still uses a sense of scenery. In two sentences and ten words, four kinds of scenery are written: the deserted city, the ancient ferry, the sunset and the autumn mountain, which constitute a colorful picture with the characteristics of season, time and place: the deserted city is next to the ancient ferry, and the afterglow of the sunset is full of the autumn mountain. This is Qiu Jingtu in the wilderness at night, and this is a gloomy and desolate scene that the poet saw on his way to seclusion. Rendering it reflects the poet's tortuous feelings, and sets off that the closer the author is to seclusion, the sadder he is.
"Far away from Songshan Mountain, I will close the door and rest." Pay attention to the topic Point out the theme of seclusion. Tiaodi is a description of high mountains, and gives a concise and vivid description of the mountain situation. "Takamatsu" means Songshan Mountain. The previous sentence explains the secluded place and points out the word "Songshan" in the title. "Gui" means the end of the process of returning to the mountain, and points out the word "Gui" in the title. "Closing the door" not only refers to closing the door, but also refers to closing the door to thank the guests. The last sentence describes his mood after retirement, indicating that he should be isolated from the world and stop asking about social personnel. Finally, he points out the purpose of resigning and retiring, and live a quiet and indifferent secluded life with peace of mind. The poet's mood returned to indifference and leisure.
The whole poem is progressive layer by layer. With the poet's pen, we can not only appreciate the changes of the scenery on the way back to the mountain, but also vaguely touch the subtle changes of the author's feelings: from serenity to sadness, and then to tranquility and loneliness. It shows that the author has both a leisurely and anxious side and a resentful and helpless resignation and retirement side. The poet writes casually, without carving, but vividly and implicitly, meaningful, without axe marks, but delicate and implicit. Fang Hui said, "If you don't ask for a job, you can." The right path shows the characteristics of this poem, which is quiet and fresh.
Influenced by Zen thought at that time, Wang Wei's seclusion poems in the mountains in his later period mostly wrote ethereal and clear realms, and this poem was written at the beginning of Wang Wei's seclusion, so it is quite different from other poems. The whole poem has distinct layers, blending scenes and scenes, and a long artistic conception. The poet's feelings have gone through a process of change from the initial leisure to the later desolation and sadness, and finally closed the door to thank guests. "Qing Chuan", "Growing thin", "Running water" and "Sunset Birds" make the poet feel more cordial and have a joy of returning home. Images such as "desolate city", "ancient crossing", "sunset" and "autumn mountain" on the one hand show the silence of the poet after he retired, on the other hand, he is somewhat frustrated and cold. But on the whole, the poet's mood is still leisurely, and the whole poem is also a peaceful, leisurely and indifferent artistic conception. The poet writes casually, but it is really touching, fresh and natural, and the beautiful artistic conception is even more memorable.