Lu Xun has made great contributions in many fields, such as literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science and research on ancient books collation. He had a great influence on the development of China's social ideology and culture after the May 4th Movement, and enjoyed a high reputation in the world literary world, especially in the fields of Korean and Japanese ideology and culture. He is known as "the writer who occupied the largest territory on the East Asian cultural map in the 20th century". In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), he went to San Tan to reflect the moon, studied in Shou Jason Wu and painted after school. Establish friendship with Zhang.
In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), his grandfather Zhou was imprisoned for something, his father was seriously ill, and his family took refuge in the countryside. Every time I go in and out of quality shops and pharmacies for my father, I get the cold shoulder.
In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), his father died. Family is getting harder and harder. I started to keep a diary this year.
In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the family held a meeting to divide the house and gave it to Lu Xun. Lu Xun refused to sign, was reprimanded by his uncles, and his heart was cold.
study hard
In April of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), he entered the Nanjing Naval Academy and changed his name to Zhou Shuren. 65438+ February,
Five.
During Lu Xun's stay in Japan
I was urged by my uncle to take the county exam. After the senior high school entrance examination, I stopped taking the government exam on the grounds that my fourth brother was ill and continued to study in Nanjing.
In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), he transferred to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School to study mining. During this period, I was exposed to Huxley's theory of evolution, which had a certain influence on his later thoughts. Besides reading new books, I love riding and dare to compete with the children of standard bearers.
Guangxu twenty-eight years (1902), 65438+ October graduated from Mine Road School. In March, I went to Japan to study abroad at public expense. In April, he entered the Jiangnan class (a crash course in Japanese learning) of the general subject of Hongwen College.
Braids were cut in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). I like reading books on philosophy and literature after school, paying special attention to human nature and national character.
Guangxu thirty years (1904), Yu Hongwen College graduated in April. In June, my grandfather Fu Jie died at the age of 68. In September, he graduated from Sendai Medical College.
In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), in June of 5438+0, I watched the Japanese-Russian War Education Film during the break, and was deeply stimulated. I decided to give up medicine and engage in literature. In June, the student status was included in the German school established by the Tokyo Unique Language Association. Xia Qiu was tricked into returning to China to marry Zhu An. I immediately returned to Japan, and in July, I returned to Tokyo from Sendai. I stopped studying and specialized in literary translation. In the following years, I learned German and Russian in different ways.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), he studied under Mr. Zhang Taiyan, became a member of the Guangfu Association, and cooperated with his second brother in translating foreign novels. During this period, his life was difficult, and he relied on proofreading manuscripts to subsidize his life.
Xuantongyuannian (1909) published two volumes of foreign novels.
Confused and sleepy
Xuan Tongyuannian (1909) returned to China in August, and worked as a physiological chemistry teacher in Hangzhou and Zhejiang Normal University, and also as a botanical translator for Japanese teacher Suzuki Jueshou.
In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), in August, he served as a teacher and supervisor of Shaoxing Middle School. 19 1 1 year, I wrote my first novel, the classical Chinese novel Nostalgia.
In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the provisional government was established in Nanjing. At the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, Minister of Education, he served as the first section chief of the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education. In August, he was appointed Minister of Education. From this year to 19 17, he copied a large number of ancient monuments, sorted out epigraphy, proofread ancient books, and also studied Buddhist thought to some extent.
In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), he left his post on July 7th due to the zhang xun restoration Rebellion, and returned to the Ministry after the Rebellion on June 4th.
Lu Xun written by painter and Taoist Li Zhenkai.
Lu Xun's speech "What happened after Nora left"
In the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular short story written in modern style in the history of modern literature in China, was published under the pseudonym of Lu Xun and in the fourth volume of New Youth.
In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), he taught the history of China's novels at Peking University, and in June he read the Chinese translation of the Manifesto of the Productive Party, praising the translator. In September, the novel The Tempest was published.
In the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), in August, he published a collection of novels, Scream. He separated from his younger brother Zhou Zuoren and moved to No.61Xisita Hutong. The reason for the separation is unknown. In February 65438, she gave a speech on "What happened after Nora left" and worked as a teacher in women's normal university and Esperanto school. The first volume of A Brief History of China's Novels was published.
In the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), in July, I went to Xi 'an to talk about the historical changes of China's novels. Return to Beijing in August. 165438+ 10 In June, Yusi Weekly was published, and Lu Xun published "On the Collapse of Leifeng Tower" in the first issue. Since then, Lu Xun has become one of the leading writers of Yusi.
Democracy fighter
In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), the "women's normal university agitation" was further upgraded. Lu Xun was dismissed by Zhang, the chief education officer, for supporting the just struggle of progressive students. In the same year, Lu Xun reported Zhang to the research institute.
In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), in March, the "March 18th Massacre" occurred. In April, Lu Xun wrote "Death" and "Remembering the King", criticizing Duan government for killing students. He was chased to take refuge in Yamamoto Hospital. I have been writing during my refuge. In August, "Wandering" was published, and he went to Xiamen University as a professor of Chinese Department. 65438+resigned in February.
In the Republic of China 16 (1927), 1 June, he went to teach at Sun Yat-sen University. In March, I met with Chen Yannian, secretary of Guangdong and Guangxi District Committee. On April 1 day, he gave a speech "Literature in the Revolutionary Era" at Huangpu Military Academy. 12 in April, there was a "412 counter-revolutionary coup". On the 29th, he resigned angrily to save the progressive students. In August, published "Wei and Jin demeanor and articles and the relationship between medicine and wine." In September, he wrote to Tai Jingnong, refused to be a candidate for Nobel Prize in Literature, left Guangzhou for Shanghai, and began to live with Xu Guangping in Shanghai. In February 65438, there was an argument with Liang Shiqiu and others about "the third kind of person" and "free person", which lasted for a long time and had great influence.
In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), he joined the China Revolutionary Freemasonry in the spring. This year, we had a debate with most members of the Creation Society and Sun Society on the issue of "revolutionary literature". It was in 1998 that a large number of Marxist works were collected and translated. At the same time, he began to advocate revolutionary art and modern woodcut movement.
In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), Xu Guangping gave birth on September 27th, and Lu Xun named him "Zhou Haiying". At the end of the year, he negotiated with Feng Xuefeng many times to form the "China Left-wing Writers Union".
Left-wing alliance leader
In February of the Republic of China 19 (1930), China Freedom Movement League was established as one of the founders. On March 2, he attended the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union, was elected as the Standing Committee, and made a speech on "Views on the Left-wing Writers' Union".
In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), Rou Shi was arrested and Lu Xun took refuge in his apartment. Go back to the old apartment on the 28th.
In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), 654381October 29th, in the line of fire. The next day, I checked into Neishan Bookstore. On February 6th, he was escorted by friends from Neishan Bookstore to the Neishan Branch of the British Concession for temporary shelter. Founded the "Spring Art Research Institute" with Ai Qing and others.
In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), 65438+ 10, Cai Yuanpei was invited to join the "Civil Rights Protection League" and was promoted to the executive committee. On February 17, Cai Yuanpei was invited to Soong Ching Ling's residence to welcome Bernard Shaw. Write "Remembrance of Forgetting" to remember Rou Shi.
In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), in June of 1, Peiping Annotation was published with Zheng Zhenduo. In May, the woodcut "Aftersound Collection" was published.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the translation of Nikolai Gogol's Dead Soul began in February. In June, New Literature Series 2 was integrated and made a long preface.
Jiuzhang
Mr. Lu Xun's funeral
In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), in June 5438+10, he suffered from severe pain in his shoulders and ribs, and published his last innovative work, New Story. In February, I began to translate the second part of Dead Soul. On May 15, the disease recurred and the doctor diagnosed it as stomach trouble. After that, the high fever persisted. On may 3rd, kloc-0, Ms. smedley was referred to Dr. Deng of the United States for diagnosis, and the situation was not optimistic. In June, his health improved slightly, and Lu Xun and the people around him thought that "Mr. Lu Xun is fine." 65438+ 10 month 17, illness recurred, 18 days before dawn, asthma. 19 died at 5: 25 am.
Emotional world
family member
Jiuzhang
Lu Xun's family members
Zhou: Lu Xun's grandfather (1838- 1904), whose real name was Zhifu and later renamed Fuqing, was Zhensheng, No.1, Meixian No.1. Born in Hanlin, he was released as the magistrate of Jinxi County, Jiangxi Province. Later, because of the imprisonment of the imperial examination case, the Zhou family began to decline. Zhou's thought and practice of free reading opened a gap in the closed traditional education system for Lu Xun.
Jiang: Lu Xun's grandmother (1842- 19 10), her stepmother and her stepmother. When she died, Lu Xun personally arranged her funeral. She is humorous and often tells Lu Xun folk stories and inspires him with folk culture. At the same time, her forbearing personality left an unforgettable impression on Lu Xun.
Zhou Boyi: Lu Xun's father (1861-1896), whose real name is Zhou Fengyi, whose name is Bo Yi. He is open-minded and a sympathizer of the Westernization Movement. Later, he was entangled in the disease, which made Lu Xun suffer the hardships of life.
Lu Rui: Lu Xun's mother (1858— 1943) is kind and resolute, kind and brave, and has a relatively open mind, which has a great influence on Lu Xun.
Zhou Zuoren: Lu Xun's second brother (1885— 1967), formerly known as Zhou Xiashou. A famous modern essayist.
Duangu: Lu Xun's sister died before she was one year old, about one year older than Zhou Da.
Zhou: Lu Xun's third brother (1888— 1984), formerly known as Zhou Songshou, is a biologist.
Zhou Chunshou: Lu Xun's fourth brother (1892—1898) died of fever at the age of 6.
Zhu An: Lu Xun's lawful wife (1878— 1947), born in Dingjiaxiang, Yinshan, Zhejiang (now Dingxiang Lane, Shaoxing City), married Lu Xun at the age of 25 1906. She and Lu Xun were nominally married for 20 years, but they were completely single. Lu Xun's mother's life has been taken care of by her.
Xu Guangping: Lu Xun's lover (1898— 1968), a native of Panyu, Guangdong, was a student of Lu Xun. She took care of Lu Xun for the rest of his life.
Zhou Haiying: son of Lu Xun and Xu Guangping (1929-2011), radio expert.
Emotional experience
Brother disharmony
In Lu Xun's personal life, two things hit him hard. One is his married life, and the other is the disharmony with his younger brother Zhou Zuoren. Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren have been reluctant to talk about this matter to others, which makes it even more confusing and becomes the most puzzling event in the history of modern literature in China. Over the years, the research community has formed three views on this: economic theory, disrespect theory and family dispute theory. The first argument is "economic theory", which holds that Zhou Zuoren's wife, Angel, spends too much money, which often causes the family to make ends meet, and finally leads to the estrangement between brothers. The second view is that the ambiguous relationship between Lu Xun and Zhou brothers led to the discord. The third argument is that the dissatisfaction of the Zhou family has led to the tension between brothers. As far as denying that "brother discord" is due to ideological differences, these three views are consistent. But beyond that, academic research has basically not made much progress, and the three viewpoints can't really convince readers.
Marriage and love
Lu Xun once had a marriage or love relationship with two women in his life. First, at the age of 26, he returned to Shaoxing from Japan and married Ms. Zhu An from Yin Shan under the auspices of his mother Lu Rui. After Lu Xun married Zhu An, he didn't dissolve the marriage relationship with her until his death (Lu Xun knew that once he divorced his wife, Zhu An would suffer death or inhuman experience, so he didn't divorce). During Lu Xun's absence, Zhu An always took care of Lu Xun's mother's life and never complained. Second, at the age of 47, I went from Guangzhou to Shanghai, which means long-term follow-up.