1. What are the four main points in the writing order we commonly use?
The order of narrative When writing narratives, there must be an order.
Write what you write first, write what you write later, and then write what you write later. Only by properly arranging it can the narrative be clear and coherent. The order of narrative can generally be divided into four types: forward narration, flashback, interlude narration, and supplementary narration.
Sequential narration is the most common and basic method of writing narratives. It generally refers to narrating events in the chronological order of their development. Using this method, the level of the article can be basically consistent with the development process of the event, and it is easy to describe the event with a beginning and an end, and a clear context.
The methods of narration can be divided into the following types: one is to narrate completely in chronological order. For example, the article "Laoshan Jie" narrates the Red Army's crossing of Laoshanjie according to the passage of time (afternoon of the same day - dark - night of the same day - dawn of the next day - two o'clock in the afternoon of the next day - after two o'clock). The second is to narrate events in the order of changing places. For example, the article "Mr. Fujino" starts from the author's arrival in Tokyo, then writes about several things that happened in getting along with Mr. Fujino after Sendai, and finally writes The memory and admiration for Mr. Fujino after leaving Sendai; the third is to narrate the events in the order of their internal logical connections.
For example, in "Who is the Cutest Person", the author uses three examples to praise the noble qualities of the volunteers from three aspects. The first example focuses on showing the volunteer soldiers' incomparable hatred for the enemy, the second example shows the volunteers' love for the Korean people, and the third example shows the lofty spiritual realm of the volunteers.
These three examples tell readers from the outside to the inside, from shallow to deep, that the volunteers are the loveliest people. When describing an example, since the sequence of changes in time and transformation of space and location are often consistent, several narration methods are often used in an article.
Flashback is based on the needs of expression, narrating the ending of an event or one of the most prominent fragments in the front, and then narrating the event from the beginning in the original order of development. Flashbacks can create suspense, enhance the appeal of the article, and make the article fascinating.
We have read many flashback articles, such as "A Precious Shirt", "A Little Thing", "Remembering My Mother", "Remembering a Spinning Wheel", etc. What should be noted when using the flashback method is: after describing the ending of the event at the beginning of the article, you must go back to the beginning of the event and start writing from the cause; after narrating the course of the event, you must return to the ending, so that the beginning and end can be consistent. Structurally complete.
Narration is the process of narrating the central event. In order to help develop the plot or portray the characters, the narrative clues are temporarily interrupted, a paragraph of content related to the main plot is inserted, and then the original content is continued. There are two interludes in Lu Xun's "Hometown".
One is when "my" mother talked about Runtu, the author used "At this time, a magical picture suddenly flashed in my mind." to elicit the image of the young Runtu. Interlude.
Another place is the memory of the image of Second Sister-in-law Yang. These two narrations make a sharp contrast between the past and present images and life situations of Runtu and Yang Ersao, which enriches the content of the article and deeply explores the theme.
The content of the narration should be able to supplement, explain or set off the central content. It can be long or short according to the needs of the central content, but it should not exceed the scope of expressing the central idea, otherwise it will overwhelm the focus and be cumbersome and cumbersome. When using narration, the connection with the central content should be arranged so that the transition is natural and the content is coherent.
Supplementary narration, also called narration, is a simple supplementary explanation of the person or thing mentioned previously in three or two sentences or a short paragraph. Supplementary narration is usually an integral part of the central event and the key point of the article.
Without supplementary narration, there will be loopholes in the storyline, which is confusing. For example, the sixteenth chapter of "Water Margin", "Capturing the Birthday Guide Outwitly", describes that seven jujube merchants in the Huangnigang pine forest robbed the birthday guide.
Seeing this, readers will naturally become suspicious: the same barrel of wine is drunk by date sellers. 2. High School Entrance Examination Composition Guidance: What are the four points to focus on when writing a good material composition?
(1) Time hot spots: based on "today".
The "today" we refer to not only refers to today, but also refers to the present and now. In terms of specific expressions, firstly, the title of the article refers directly to "today", such as "Today is so good" (titled from Nanjing) and "No sleep tonight" (titled from Urumqi), focusing on today and looking at the present; secondly, recalling from today's perspective Past, such as "It's another year when the wind blows" (Jinan question), "Friendly nostalgia" (Dalian question 1), "From that moment on" (Wenzhou question), "Impression" (Ningxia question 2), " "Feeling the festival" (Guilin and Baise combined paper questions), etc., all require candidates to review the past and narrate their actual feelings; the third is to look forward to and imagine the future from today, such as "If there are no more make-up classes in the third grade of junior high school" (Jilin question 1) ), "What I want most after the high school entrance examination" (Nanchong Question 2), "It's not over yet" (Beijing Question), etc., require us to write about our future life, but there must be projection and continuation of today's life.
(2) Location hot spots: facing around you.
For example, "I like to see the new look of my hometown" (Question 1 from Dazhou), "The scenery here is good" (Question 1 from Meishan), "Intoxicated in the world of Guiyang" (Question 1 from Guiyang), "Walking on the small road" (Question 1 from Jingzhou), Material essays about the lives and experiences of local left-behind students (Huaihua questions) are all good questions based on in-depth exploration of local culture and natural resources. They encourage candidates to observe life and express their true feelings.
This type of question has strong humanistic characteristics. (3) Character hot spots: "I" is the main focus.
The word "I" appears in a large number of full proposition and semi-proposition essay questions. For example, "In an instant, I discovered myself" (Shenzhen question), "I discovered the beauty of the world" (Maoming question), "In my world, everything is beautiful" (Shaanxi question), "At that moment, I We have reached a new level" (Lanzhou question), "We have walked together" (Nantong question), "He (she) and I were both good that time" (Yiwu question), "Thank you for helping me run." " (Lishui question), "Me and together" (Guangdong question), "Touched me" (Hainan question 1), etc. Some of them require candidates to write "I" from the perspective of "I", and some require candidates to write "I" from the perspective of "I", and some require candidates to write "I" from the perspective of "I". Writing about "him (it)" and society from the perspective of "me", the general feature is to focus on the daily life of students, tell the truth and express true feelings.
Test questions that focus on "I" will definitely still exist in large numbers in the 2010 high school entrance examination essay questions. (4) Event hot spots: focus on experience.
Unlike the major events such as fighting against the snowstorm, earthquake relief, and welcoming the Olympics that occurred before the 2008 high school entrance examination, most of the events that occurred before the 2009 high school entrance examination, such as the fight against the international financial crisis and the 90th anniversary of the May 4th Movement, were not direct. Enter the lives of classmates. Perhaps it is for this reason that there are far fewer test questions this year that directly address the hot topics of the times, such as "When an earthquake occurs..." and "Become Strong" that appeared in the 2008 high school entrance examination.
The 2009 high school entrance examination essay questions in various places either put the hot topics of the times in the introduction. For example, the test question in Taizhou, Jiangsu used a story about the fight against the H1N1 influenza to lead to the full proposition essay "Understanding Responsibility"; It implies the hot topics of the times, such as "warming" (Taizhou topic), "stretching out one's hand" (Weifang topic), "delivering" (Changzhou topic), "not taking the usual path" (Jiaxing topic), "spring breeze blows and rebirth" "(Changsha Question 2), etc., you can not only write about the candidate's own life experience, but also reflect the hot topics of the times from a large or small angle. A large number of test questions point to the candidates' life experiences, such as, "Happy birthday" (Zibo question), "Unforgettable experience" (Jining question), "It's a holiday" (Zhangzhou question 1), "The story of our junior high school students" (Jining question) (Sanming question), "Between teachers and students" (Anhui question), etc. Candidates can think of many of their own experiences and find a lot of material at a glance.
In short, the examiners strive to maximize the life accumulation of the candidates, so that they can find convenient writing materials, and encourage them to "tell the truth, speak the truth, and speak from the heart, and not tell lies, empty words, Rhetoric". (5) Sentiment hotspots: health and improvement.
The high school entrance examination is an important experience in life. The essay questions not only test the writing ability of graduates, but also guide the candidates to improve their thinking and personality. This is a major pursuit of the essay writers. Therefore, the writer of the essay must be healthy and progressive in terms of the thoughts and sentiments to be expressed in the content of the essay.
For example, test questions such as ", Great!" (Shanxi question), topic essay "Confidence" (Jingmen question) encourage candidates to face life and others confidently and optimistically; "I am very lucky "(Jiangxi question), conveying psychological feelings such as contentment and gratitude; topic essays "Team spirit" (Qingdao question 2), "Stretching out one's hand" (Weifang question), etc., let candidates know how to get along with others and cooperate** *Win; "What am I still missing" (Foshan question), encouraging candidates to understand themselves correctly, keep making progress, and improve themselves; "Help me with honest advice" (Henan question 1), topic essay "Get out of my own little world" (Linyi question) ), material composition "Just do your best" (Wuhan question), letter to comfort classmates to deal with setbacks and pressure correctly (Tianjin question), etc., focusing on continuous growth and maturity in the process of solving life problems. The above five major hot spots all implement the spirit of the document "Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Deeply Promoting and Further Improving the Reform of the High School Entrance Examination" which states that "the propositions of the academic examination must be strictly based on the subject curriculum standards and strengthen the connection between the test questions and social reality and student experience". They also implement the spirit of the document. All have implemented the spirit of the curriculum standard: "Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, so that students can easily write and be willing to express. Students should be guided to pay attention to reality, love life, and express true feelings."
We can foresee that in the future high school entrance examination, the above hot spots will continue to be hot. Preparation: Insist on comprehensive training to review and prepare for the high school entrance examination. Preparation in terms of content means reading and pondering some excellent essays from the aspects of self-growth, life hot spots, moral cultivation, emotional experience, thinking and perception, imagination and innovation, etc. to see what they have. The place is worthy of our study and reference, and at the same time, we should reserve some famous quotes, news and current affairs and other related materials from these aspects; to prepare for the question types, we must study the common question types (at least two) in the local examination area and study their response methods. , train carefully.
For example, when dealing with a full-proposition composition, you must carefully analyze the title (including the introduction part), and carefully analyze the various morphemes and words that make up the title.
3. What are the four points to focus on when writing a composition based on materials
1. Grasp key words and carefully analyze the ideological and emotional tendencies of the questioner. When formulating test questions, the questioner often uses his or her own understanding of the material. Cognition and emotional tendencies are integrated in the materials and prompts. Therefore, if you want to accurately and appropriately examine the topic, you must grasp the key words in the materials and carefully analyze the intention of the proposer.
Such as the following material: Zhou Guoping once said: Arrogant people claim to be the masters of fate, while humble people are willing to be slaves of fate. In addition, there is a kind of person who chases destiny but does not force it; accepts destiny but is not timid.
When he is lucky, he will laugh at his good luck; when he is unlucky, he will laugh at his bad luck. He neither underestimates the power of destiny nor overestimates its value.
He is just a friend of fate. Although the material proposes three attitudes towards fate, if you carefully analyze the words "arrogance" and "humility" in the material, you will find that the author of the proposition intends for you to deny the practices of "being a master" and "being a slave". And agrees with "being friends with destiny".
On this basis, further association will lead to the following understanding: "Being a slave of fate", succumbing to the arrangements of fate, unable to recover in the face of failure and misfortune, is of course abandoned by people. And like Beethoven, who "grabs the throat of fate", like Sima Qian, who "has his bowels nine times a day" and "suddenly loses track of where he is going", although his spirit is commendable, life is too heavy after all.
If you treat fate as a friend and face everything fate has to offer calmly and optimistically, you will often live a positive and satisfying life. Just like the steadfast and optimistic Hawking, when facing unfortunate fate, he accepts everything calmly with a grateful attitude and improves his life in a positive and optimistic way.
2. Grasp the meaning of the material. The current high school entrance examination [Weibo] material composition requires finding an appropriate angle from the material. Extract a topic and write on your own topic.
Therefore, the purpose of reviewing the topic has become the primary issue in writing. However, the materials have objective and unchangeable "restrictions" on the establishment of the theme, and many candidates cannot grasp the core of the materials.
Often break away from the material and start a new topic, resulting in "going off topic". Please look at the following essay title: A single tree cannot make a forest/Only thousands of trees closely relying on each other can there be waves of pine waves/One flower cannot make spring/Only thousands of flowers weighing down the branches can a garden full of spring scenery/Without a drop of water, there can be a garden full of spring scenery. Flow/Only thousands of points gather together.
Only those vast expanse of blue waves. Dear classmate, life is not like this/life is just because of you.
With me. With him/with you, me and him living in harmony.
It’s so colorful. Requirements: ① Based on your understanding of this paragraph and your own life reality, write your own topic; ② There is no limit on the style of writing except poetry; ③ The number of words should not be less than 600 words; ④ The real names of people, schools, and schools must not appear in the article. place name.
A piece of material is often ambiguous. You should pay attention to the meaning that best conforms to the intention of the proposition and best reflects the direction of the material. The material given in the above example is a poem. Only by understanding the main idea of ??the poem can you establish the theme of writing.
The theme of this poem is reflected in the last two sentences: "Life is colorful precisely because of you, me, and him/because of the harmonious coexistence of you, me, and him." "Based on this key sentence in the material, we can extract writing topics such as "Life requires cooperation," "Harmonious coexistence can lead to a better life," "Unity is victory," "Collection is strength."
3. For metaphors and fables, first summarize the general idea of ??the material, and then deeply understand the theme by looking for corresponding points with life. The theme and intention of allegorical materials are implicit and not exposed. Only Only by deeply understanding and analyzing its meaning can we correctly grasp the theme and intention. Such as the following materials: A group of hedgehogs hibernated, and the weather was cold. They were very close to each other, and they stabbed each other; when they were far away from each other, they could not feel the warmth.
In the end, they chose an appropriate distance that was neither too far nor too close, so that they would not hurt each other but could also get warmth from each other. The main meaning of this material is that hedgehogs should keep an appropriate distance between each other, but it is not enough to just see this. We should also find the corresponding real life: parents and children should keep an appropriate distance, and friends should also keep an appropriate distance. An appropriate distance should also be maintained between an individual and money and power... In this way, when compared and compared with real life, you will find that there are many similarities between the two. This similarity, It is the basis and foundation of the composition.
4. Choose the appropriate angle. For the same material, different candidates will have different angles. Choose the angle that best expresses the topic. Such as the following material: Jews often encourage themselves, "There are no beans that cannot be sold."
This means: If the beans are not sold, you can add water to let them germinate, and you can sell the bean sprouts after a few days: If the bean sprouts cannot be sold. Then simply let it grow up and sell it as bean sprouts; if the bean sprouts cannot be sold, they can be transplanted into flower pots.
As a bonsai: If the bonsai cannot be sold, transplant it into the soil again and let it grow up in a few months. It will produce many new beans….
4. What are the important points in writing about people?
When writing about people, you should pay attention to the following four aspects. 1. Seize the typical examples
The ideological quality and character traits of the characters are reflected through specific examples, so when writing about people, you must seize them
1. Only by writing about models that best express the character's qualities can it be convincing and vivid.
2. Things that best illustrate the character’s ideological quality and express the principles of world affairs belong to the typical category.
3. "Visual" big events are typical examples, and small things that seem ordinary but actually contain the characters' extraordinary qualities are also typical examples. As the saying goes: "A drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun." Writing about people through a typical incident is one of the basic elements of "writing about people" composition. Without a typical example, the article will be dull, and "writing about people" will promote the real meaning. The purpose of creating a model is to illustrate a certain truth. Therefore, when students create a model, they must combine it with the reality of life and cannot make things out of thin air.
2. Personality is seen in words and actions (language description)
(action description)
"Words are the voice of the heart." A person's language expression is a mirror that shows his character traits. As Mr. Lu Xun said, people's language "enables readers to recognize people through their words." Therefore, when writing about a person, one must pay attention to language description and choose his representative sentences to depict his inner world and express his personality and thoughts. Language must match the person’s identity. The real language of the characters in the composition is particularly important, and you must not rely on your imagination to express your words in a loose tone.
In addition to language, human behavior is also controlled by human thoughts and feelings. Action description plays a very important role in portraying the character and expressing the character's quality. To describe people's behavior, you must carefully observe the character's movements and carefully choose the most accurate and appropriate phrases.
3. The truth is only when the outside and inside are the same (psychological description)
When writing about people with true feelings and words, the first thing is "truth". To understand people, you must observe and analyze the characters you write about. How to observe and analyze? In addition to judging the language, behavior and appearance of the described object, sometimes it is also necessary to scrutinize his inner activities. In this way, the character's character can be portrayed consistently.
In the articles we have read, we often see such words: "I think?", "He is thinking about it in his mind?", "The teacher's words came to mind again in my ears", "I My heart felt like a five-flavor bottle had been knocked over, and sour, sweet, bitter, and spicy came into my heart." These all lie in the description of the characters' inner world.
With psychological description, the composition seems to come to life.
4. Thousands of people are not alike (description of appearance)
When writing about people, it is often necessary to describe their appearance. Appearance has a wide range of contents, such as posture, appearance, clothing, expression, etc.
Only by grasping the characteristics of the characters and writing their appearance well can the characters be presented to the readers vividly.
When describing a character’s appearance, focus on the most prominent and impressive features. Some students lack true feelings when writing about people, so they just recite what others have written. Describing people's appearance is often the same. What about "round face, watery eyes, black hair". It’s the same regardless of men, women, old or young. If students carefully "capture" the appearance of the characters they write about, they will find that there are no two people with the same appearance in the world. Descriptions vary from person to person, and "everyone looks the same" is boring.
People's appearances are different, so your composition must not be like a running account. You should write one thing and a few things from beginning to end. In fact, the reason why "this one" is different from "that one" is often only reflected in one or a few main features. The eyebrows and beard are scratched, and the appearance is complete. In fact, the main features are annihilated and the main features are not achieved. purpose, so,
When writing about a person’s appearance, you must focus on the needs of the topic of the article, grasp the characteristics, and be good at making choices. 5. What are the four things to do when writing your feelings after reading?
Four things to do when writing a review:
1. Understand the original text and grasp the center: We can guide students in three steps to understand the content of the article and grasp the idea of ????the article during reading. Only by guiding students to carefully " Only by "reading" can we have the conditions to write "feeling".
2. Select the key points for inspiration: There are many points of "feeling" in a good book and a good article. Students must be guided to choose from the many points of inspiration that they feel the most, have the latest perspective, and are realistic. The points of inspiration that are most targeted and best written can serve as the starting point for your own feelings after reading.
3. Focus on the combination of reading and feeling: guide students to properly handle the relationship between "reading" and "feeling" when writing their feelings after reading, so that both are essential.
4. Talk about feelings in connection with reality: guide students to connect their own or others’ thoughts and life reality, and write their true feelings.