Why should I leave Chang 'an and go back to my hometown? I didn't remember it until I set foot on my way home. If I can't support myself in Chang 'an, I will just go back, because there is food in my hometown. I went out of the gate of Beijing and ran eastward against the scorching sun; Looking back from time to time, I shed tears and miss the road to Chang' an that passed away in the west. After Tongguan, I sat down to rest and watched the fierce current of the Yellow River. I can't help feeling that two ignorant birds will be favored by the emperor. It's just that people are alienated from each other and birds are close to each other, which increases my bitterness and anger; What good ideas do those two birds have? They succeeded only by their outer feathers. My life is so hard that I can't compare with two birds; East, west, north and south constantly foraging around, unable to settle down and live continuously for ten years; I can count the days when I am full every day, not to mention seeing my name gloriously in the recommendation book; Only those who were liked by the vulgar views at that time were called "wise men". How can they say I'm not stupid? Once upon a time, Emperor Wu Ding of Shang Dynasty got a good lover Fu Shuo in his sleep. Who can surpass Fu Shuo in North Korea? It is really the empathy between the monarch and the minister; When the fortune returns to the future, perhaps the monarch and the minister can't find each other; Even if we go door to door, it will only cause trouble. Since God gave birth to me, he certainly hopes that I can make a difference in the world. Why not, like the ancients, regret not having an official position? It is ghosts and gods who tease them when they get the official position but can't display it; Fortunately, I am still young, so maybe I shouldn't envy people like those two birds.
2. Interpretation of Two Birds by Han Yu On the fifth day of May in the eleventh year of Zhenyuan, I left Beijing and returned to Luoyang.
On the seventh day of May, I left Tongguan and stayed on the south bank of the Yellow River. At that time, because I had just left Kyoto, I was always worried that I had not reported to the Prime Minister, lamenting that I was born at an untimely time and my fate was ill-fated! That day in the market, I saw a man carrying a cage with Bai Niao and silver pheasant in it. As he walked, he said, "A local official sent me to pay tribute to the son of heaven. Get out of the way!" Hearing this, passers-by hurried to the side of the road to let the messenger pass, afraid to look at him.
Touching the scene makes me feel very sad. Fortunately, I grew up in the Taiping era and inherited the legacy of my ancestors. I don't know anything about weapons, so I don't have to attack them. I don't know farm tools, I don't need to cultivate and harvest, I can only read and write.
It has been 22 years since I was seven years old. I dare not violate Confucian morality in my own behavior. I usually live in seclusion and think about major events through the ages.
Together with dozens of people, they should have been selected into the branch of erudition and macro-speech, but they were unknown on the list. They had to look forward to the bright eyes of the son of heaven like the inferior officials in the imperial court, and one day they would stand out. This kind of bird is unique only by its feathers, and it has neither morality nor ingenuity; It can neither serve the emperor nor educate the people, but it was recommended to the emperor.
So I made a poem to express my sentimental feelings. The facts are obvious. Lucky people, even a little kindness can appear. People with bad luck can't be tolerated even if they do a lot of good things.
3. Reading Li Aowen's translation Reading Li Aowen's Three Books of Renaturation, I said: The meaning of the golden mean is very simple [1].
A wise man is sincere in nature and should read the doctrine of the mean. Although the fool saw this, he didn't know what to do [2]. Read the book of recommending sages with assistant minister Han again, in order to say that when he was extremely poor, he was cynical and didn't recommend himself [3], as Ding Ning did; It doesn't have to be successful.
However, in Bill Han during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Hao Jun, one of the good chivalrous men, was also a good critic [4]. I finally finished reading You Huai Fu, then left the book and sighed, sighing that I reread it again and didn't stop.
Hate ao was not born today, and never make friends with him; When I hate not being born, and ao are the same theory. Anyone who has been a man for a while and knows the way but can write is Mo Ruo Han Yu.
The more you taste, the more blessed you are, but you envy the glory of killing two birds and sigh for a whole hour [7]. This makes the heart glorious and full, then it is no longer a cloud [8].
If Ao is not alone, he said, "All people are clamoring for the present, sighing for the old and being humble for themselves; Depending on the heart, it is still awkward. " [9] I also blame Yao Shen for taking the world by one journey, and later generations can't take Hebei by the world, thinking that it is worrying [10].
Alas, at that time, it was easy for gentlemen to sigh their old and humble hearts and worry that one day there would be a day flying, so the world in the Tang Dynasty would die in chaos! However, it's a pity that we were not born today. Seeing what happened today [1 1], we are very worried! Why don't people worry now? I travel around the world and I see many people. Except for a person who can be as worried as Tianfei, they are all mean and far away, just like Tianfei [12], and the rest [13] are glorious and full. When they hear the words of worrying about the world, they don't feel crazy, but they feel sick and stupid, and they laugh when they are not angry. Alas, I won't worry about myself when I'm in office, and I won't allow others to commit crimes. What a pity! On October 17th, Youjing three years, Ouyang Xiu wrote a book.
Note [1] Renaturation Book, Li Ao's works on human nature. Since Mencius' theory of good nature, Xunzi's theory of evil nature and Yang Xiong's mixed theory of good and evil were put forward in the Han Dynasty, thinkers of all ages have written special works.
Li Ao advocates good nature. Based on the golden mean, he separated sex from affection, good nature from love and evil, and demanded to get rid of affection in order to restore it. This is the further development of Han Yu's viewpoint and becomes the forerunner of agency research in the future.
Ouyang Xiu advocates "self-cultivation", strengthens the role of education and opposes empty talk about human nature. See the answer to Li in this book. One of The Doctrine of the Mean and The Book of Rites is said to have been written by Kong Yu's grandson Kong Ji.
Yi Shu: Explanation and annotation. [2] Four sentences of "wise man": It means that smart people understand the meaning of sex and should read the original book The Doctrine of the Mean; A stupid person can't think of anything to say even after reading the renaturation book, so he may not write such an article.
Cheng: The original note: "Make a knowledge." Reading: original note: "make a reply."
[3] Be cynical when you are poor: but be cynical when you are not poor. [4] Han: that is, the "Han" mentioned above, Han Yu used to be an official.
[5] Wave theory refers to discussing the gains and losses of ancient and modern politics. [6] Temporary person: a person who happens at the same time.
[7] Fu refers to "Fu for Two Birds" written by Han Yu in May of the 11th year of Zhenyuan. There is a cloud in Fu: "If you feel that two birds are ignorant, you will be grateful and lucky."
However, the difference between advance and retreat has increased resentment. The middle family is nothing more than a show.
The rest of my life is not worth two birds. East and west, north and south, live for ten years but not live.
Several times, I abused satiety, and the situation was named in the recommendation book. At that time, the good was virtuous, and the mediocre was not stupid. "
The theme of Fu is to express one's sense of injustice by offering two birds to the emperor. [8] The phrase "this * * *" means that this personal feud will not be said again in another state.
[9] Its Fu refers to Li Ao's You Huai Fu. Two words: "according to the heart": since the government came to Dezong and Shunzong, the political situation has gone from bad to worse and wars have continued. The imperial court lost control of the whole country, and people's lives have been very difficult.
These two sentences show that Li Ao is different from others. He is not worried about personal misfortune, but about the fate of the country. [10] Shen Yao: refers to Emperor Taizong.
In Zhang's Ode to Emperor Taizong in the Tang Dynasty, there is a saying that "Yao Deng Tang deserved it". A brigade: an army, 500 people in ancient times.
This refers to the Taiyuan Army, the birthplace of the Tang Dynasty. After the rebellion in the history of the Tang Dynasty, the important towns of Hebei and Henan were successively carved up by the buffer towns, and the wars continued, and the Tang Dynasty could never recover them.
[1 1] See now: It refers to the fact that the northwest region of the Song Dynasty was constantly invaded by Liao and Xixia. [12] Guan: Even if there is.
Cheap far: refers to people with humble status abandoned by the court in the distance. There is no difference between Li Ao and Ao: his personality is straightforward, he is indecisive, his palace is obscure, he has many posts abroad, and he rarely stays in the imperial court.
Here is the author's feeling. At that time, the imperial court did not ask right and wrong, and did not distinguish between sages and fools. [13] Rongman: refers to the powerful.
When I started reading Li Ao's three renaturation books, I thought to myself: This is just a comment on the golden mean. Smart people understand the meaning of "sex" and know that "sex" should be restored to the mean without reading renaturation books; Stupid people don't understand this truth even after reading the renaturation book, so there is no renaturation book.
I also read his book "Recommending Sages with Assistant Minister Han", thinking that Li Ao was just unlucky and resented that there were no people who recommended him in the society, so he repeatedly told me about seeking sages. If he can succeed, it may not be so. However, he compared Han Yu to a chivalrous hero in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and was also considered a good commentator.
Finally, I read "You Huai Fu", then put down the scroll and praised it. After enjoying it, I watched it again and couldn't stop. Unfortunately, Li Ao was not born in this life and could not associate with him; Unfortunately, I'm not from the middle Tang Dynasty, so I can't discuss his problems with him repeatedly.
In the past, of all the contemporaries in Li Ao, none was as good at writing as Han Yu. Han Yu once wrote a poem, but he envied the brilliance of two birds and lamented that he had not had enough to eat.
If we study Han Yu's psychology, we won't lament his wealth. As in Li Ao, this is not the case.
His "You Huai Fu" said: "People are noisy and retire one after another, and all of them lament that they are old and weak, and their status is humble; Introspecting your own heart is not the case, but I am worried that there are still shortcomings in the way of saints. " I'm also surprised that Li Shimin can conquer the world with one army, but later generations can't recover Hebei with the power of the world, so I'm worried.
Ah! If people at that time changed their feelings of feeling sorry for their old age into Li Ao's feelings of worrying about their country, how could there be turmoil and eventual demise in the world of the Tang Dynasty? Fortunately, however, Li Ao was not born in today's world. Seeing what happened today, his worries became more serious. How come people today don't know how to worry! I am here.
4. Translation of Classical Chinese Painting Notes-Han Yu's Original Miscellaneous Ancient and Modern Figures * * * Volume 1: Five people ride and stand, ten people ride and be led by a soldier, one person ride and be led by a soldier, ten people ride and be led by a soldier, two people ride and lose, two people ride and hold the device, one person rides and holds the field dog, and two people ride and drive. Sitting refers to an emissary, seven people who planted armor with bows and arrows, ten people who planted armor with lots, seven people who lost, two people who stopped sleeping, one who sat sleeping in armor, one who took part in a party, one who fell off his feet while sitting, one who caught a cold and caught fire, and eight people who carried pots and arrows with utensils.
There are two things in the affairs of 30 mortals, and there are three things in the affairs of 120 people, but none of them are the same. Nine horses; Among the horses, there are ups and downs, walks and collars, wading, landing, warping, caring, singing, sleeping, being wrong, standing, standing, drinking, falling, itching and grinding trees, and hissing.
There are seven things about horses in twenty and three things about horses in eighty, but there are no similarities. The size of a cow is eleven.
Camels have three heads. Donkeys are like camels, but with one.
Koichi Dog, sheep, fox, rabbit and elk * * * thirty.
There are three cars. The bow, arrow, target, sword, contradictory bow and clothes of miscellaneous soldiers belong to the armor of the sagittal room, and the utensils for eating, drinking and drinking are all wonderful.
During the Zhenyuan period, Yu was in the capital and had nothing to do. Only people who live alone and live alone and Uncle Shen can get this painting, and I and I are lucky to get it.
I cherish it very much and think that it is beyond the power of a worker. Gai Meng has gathered the strength of many workers, although it is not easy to spend 100 yuan. I will leave Beijing for Heyang next year. I will discuss the character of the painting with two or three guests, and observe it because of my departure.
There are imperial officials in Zhao Shi and gentlemen. If you see them, you will feel embarrassed. One day less: "Hey! I touched it with my hand. It's been dead for twenty years.
I have always been interested in this matter, gained the foundation of the country, felt that it was senseless, lost my ambition by traveling in Fujian, enjoyed my leisure alone, and made friends with Huai Yu from time to time. Although it happened today, it is very important that we can't save our lives for ourselves and the workers. "
I love and feel about Zhao Jun. Because I gave it to him, I remember the shape and quantity of his words, and I explained it myself when I looked at it. Note ① Soldiers are carried by armor: wearing armor and carrying weapons.
Pretend, wear together, and wear negatively. Tian Gou: Hunting dogs.
Tian is the same as "Yi". ② Participants: Those who have crossed the water.
Land: Jump across the "land (1u land)". Vault: A horse ready to jump.
Miser: refers to a moving horse. ③ Zhan car: a car with a red crank flag.
Bow and arrow room: bow bag and arrow bag. Clothes, like "Mao", are an arrow rack made of bamboo or animal skins.
⑤ Zhenyuan Xu Jianian: the tenth year of Zhenyuan, that is, 794 AD. 6 Gigi: Party.
Autumn is the same as "from". ⑦ Heyang: Meng County, Henan Province today.
Zhao Shiyu: His name is unknown. Pet-name ruby touch: hand drawing.
10 credentials: a book painted by the national hand. Minzhong: the name and location of the ancient county (now Fuzhou, Fujian Province).
Probably: probably. 1 1 self-release: self-comfort.
A small scroll depicting all kinds of people and things in ancient and modern times: there are five people riding a horse, ten people standing there riding a horse wearing armor and holding weapons, one riding a horse standing in front holding a flag, ten people riding a horse holding weapons while walking, two riding a horse carrying things, and one sleeping in armor and helmet. Because one person keeps warm to keep out the cold, eight people do all kinds of utensils, one person holds a pot and throws arrows at it, eleven people prepare meals under the house, four people scoop water into the utensils, two people lead cows, four people drive donkeys, one person is carrying things on crutches, six people can see women and children sitting in the car, three people get on and off, and nine people are playing with children. * * * depicts the activities of 32 characters, and draws 123 characters with different sizes, none of which have the same appearance.
There are nine horses; Some horses stand high, some stand low, some walk, some are led, some swim, some jump, some lift their legs to jump, some turn around, some howl, some rest, some move, some stand with their feet lifted, some look like people, some bite, some drink water, some urinate, some run high and some walk low. * * * depicts the activities of 27 horses. There are 83 horses of different sizes, but there are no horses of the same size.
Three camels. The number of donkeys is the same as that of camels, plus one.
A stork. Thirty dogs, sheep, foxes, rabbits and elk.
Three cars with red crank flags. Weapons 25 1 piece, bows and arrows, flags, swords, contradictions, bows and arrows, armor, hats and helmets, as well as drinking utensils such as bottles, umbrellas, square baskets, pots and pans, as well as utensils for throwing pots and playing chess, are all euphemistically and meticulously painted.
During the reign of Zhenyuan Xujia, I was in the capital and had nothing to do. I live with a Mr. Dugu Shenshu. As soon as he got this painting, he made a bet with me to let me play. Fortunately, I won, so I got this picture scroll.
I cherish it very much in my heart. I think it was not just conceived by one painter, but probably painted by many painters. Even if someone gave me 120 gold, I would never sell it. In the second year, I went out to Heyang in Beijing to talk with several guests about the character of the painting, and I took it out.
There is a Zhao Shiyu sitting here. He is a man of noble character. When he saw the picture, he looked sad and seemed to be moved. After a while, he said to me, "Alas! This is a picture I drew myself. I have lost it for almost twenty years.
When I was young, I was interested in painting and got a hand-painted picture of China, so I put aside the secular world and painted this picture myself.