1) Express your feelings directly. This is a lyrical way of expressing attitudes of love, hate, joy and anger directly to relevant characters, events, scenes and environments. For example, Chen Yulan, a female poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Sending Her Husband", which was written with sincerity and sincerity, making people's hearts flutter: The husband is guarding the border, but the concubine is here, and the concubine is worried about her husband in the west wind. A line of letters brings a thousand lines of tears, is it so cold that you have no clothes at your side? The whole poem uses the inner monologue of the first person (concubine) to express the wife's longing and concern for her husband. The first sentence misses her husband, who is far away from the world. To no. Four sentences of delicate, realistic and well-layered psychological description directly reveal the unforgettable and considerate love and affection between husband and wife.
(2) Use scenes to express emotions. That is, the poet places the feelings and thoughts he wants to express in the scenery, and expresses them by describing the scenery (sound, light, color, movement, silence, and reality). Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling": "The old friend bids farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks are under Yangzhou in March. The shadow of the solitary sail is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky." There is not a word in the whole poem saying farewell, not a single word. The word says it is sad, but the feeling of sadness and farewell is endless and flows with the water. Meng Haoran has a poem "Early Cold and Embraceful": "The trees are falling and the wild geese are heading south, and the north wind is cold on the river. My home is in Xiangshuiqu, far away from the Chu clouds. The tears from the hometown are all gone, and I return to the sail to look at the sky. I want to ask questions in the maze, and the sea is flat at night "Long." The whole poem chooses typical autumn scenes to express emotions. The north wind is blowing, the leaves are falling, and the wild geese are flying south. In such an atmosphere, how can the lonely poet not feel homesick when facing the confused river? Among this kind of poems that use scenes to express emotions, there is a type that "touches the scene and evokes emotions", which is particularly interesting. Wang Changling's "Girlfriend" is a representative work. "The young woman in the boudoir knows no worries, and goes up to the green building with her makeup on the spring day. Suddenly she sees the willow color on the street, and she regrets teaching her husband to look for a title." The poem describes a young woman in the boudoir who is coaxed by a bright spring day to arouse the enthusiasm that has been dormant all winter. , dressed up beautifully and went upstairs, suddenly saw the green willows on the road, and a subtle emotional change occurred in my heart: In such a bright spring, I was alone in the empty boudoir, and I was far apart from my husband. What was even more terrifying Yes, she had this question - is my youth as yellow and green as this willow? If I had known this, why would I have asked my husband to join the army in the frontier in the first place, hoping to become a marquis for his meritorious service? The green willows stirred the young woman's long-dormant lovesickness.
(3) Narrative and lyrical. Some poems select some details, scenes, fragments and events in life to express emotions. When reading such poems, you need to be insightful and aware of the emotions. Zhang Ji's "Autumn Thoughts": "Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang City, I want to be a writer with many thoughts. I am afraid that I can't finish it in a hurry, and travelers are about to leave again." The whole poem is narrated, and the first sentence was written in Luoyang City again. Seeing the autumn wind caused the wanderer to miss his relatives in his hometown; the second sentence said that he wanted to write a letter home, but he had so many thoughts and didn't know where to start. These two sentences are relatively plain. The third and fourth sentences capture a detail and turn the ordinary into magic: when the pedestrian (the person delivering the letter) was about to leave, the poet seemed to remember something that he had forgotten to write in the letter, so he had to open the envelope and check it again. The travelers' subtle concern for their hometown and relatives is vividly expressed through this seemingly ordinary detail of life. The narrative in Wang Wei's "Miscellaneous Poems" (Part 2) is more authentic and full of life: "You come from your hometown, you should know the things about your hometown. Will the winter plum blossoms bloom in front of the beautiful window tomorrow?" The poet recorded it using line drawing. There was a conversation (which should be the poet's question to the visitor): "You come from my hometown, you should know the things about my hometown, right? When you came, did the winter plum in front of my window bloom?" The poet is not straight Talking about missing, we clearly feel the poet's strong longing for his hometown - the poet is so familiar with the scenery of his hometown, the poet's tone is so eager, how much he wants to go back and see it in person! There are also some narrative works in ancient poetry, which are famous for their twists and turns. They write waves in a short space of time, which is quite worth pondering. The most representative one is "Spring Resentment" written by Jinchangxu in the late Tang Dynasty: "When you fight the yellow oriole, don't let it cry on the branches. When you cry, you will frighten your concubine's dream and you will not be able to go to western Liaoning." The poem is written in the tone of a boudoir who misses her wife, The beginning of the sentence is very abrupt. When I get up in the morning, I want to hit the orioles on the tree in front of my door. Why? It turns out that I don't want it to crow on the branch; the oriole's voice is very beautiful, why is this? It turns out that its cry woke me up from my dream; what dream is so sweet? It turned out that I dreamed of meeting my husband who was serving in the army in western Liaoning. No wonder I wanted to fight Huang Ying'er. The four lines of the poem have different meanings, and they use flashback techniques to interlock with each other. The extremely disappointed and depressed psychology of the missing woman is vividly displayed on the paper, which can be said to be extremely twists and turns.
(4) Support things to express aspirations. The poet uses the characteristics of something in nature to express a certain ambition or emotion, and the objects in the poem are personified. For example, Yu Shinan's "Cicada": "The dew is hanging down to drink, and the sound of the flowing trees is flowing out of the sparse trees. It is not because of the autumn wind that the loud voice is far away." The third and fourth lines of the poem express the unique feeling of the distant sound of the cicada. It embodies the truth contained in it, that is, a person with a noble character does not need some external support to become famous, thereby expressing enthusiastic praise and high confidence in people's inner qualities.
(5) Use the past to satirize the present. This is a commonly used technique in epic poems, using historical events to satirize the current dynasty. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng" says: "The promulgation office seeks talents and visits ministers, but Jia Sheng's talents are even more unqualified. It's a pity that he only sat down at the front table in the middle of the night and didn't ask about the people or ghosts and gods.
"This is an excerpt from the scene in which Emperor Wen of Han summoned Jia Yi after the ceremony in Weiyang Palace and asked him about ghosts and gods. This incident was one of the thousands of daily activities of the emperor. Why did the poet seize this point to write , because through this point, it reflects that Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty's pursuit of talents was false. On the surface, he recalled Jia Yi, who was exiled in Changsha as a Taifu, but did not reuse him. Jia Yi's talent and style were unparalleled. He advocated weakening all the talents. The idea of ??consolidating the power of the king and resisting the Xiongnu outside the central government was correct. However, Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty did not ask about these major plans for governing the country, but instead asked about the origins of ghosts and gods. He even ignored the dignity of the emperor and moved his seat closer. He kept hearing this in the middle of the night. But he didn't mention the safety and life of millions of suffering people. Isn't this completely absurd? Li Shangyin was mocking Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. In fact, he was mocking some fatuous monarchs in the late Tang Dynasty, and mocking all those who sought virtuous people to gain fame but did not actually value virtuous people.
(6) Use allusions to express emotions and satirize current events, such as Wang Wei's "Autumn Borer in the Mountains": "After the new rain in the empty mountains, autumn comes late. The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows over the rocks. The bamboo noise returns to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat. The spring fragrance rests at will, and the king and grandson can stay. "The last couplet uses the allusion of Wang and Sun. Originally "The Songs of Chu: Recruiting Hermits" said: "When Wang Sun comes back, he cannot stay in the mountains for long! "The poet's experience was just the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the court". It was clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and keep himself clean, so he decided to go into seclusion. Li Bai's "Ascending the Phoenix Terrace of Jinling" combines allusions from history and the scenery before his eyes. Intertwined with his own feelings, it expresses his concern for the country and his embrace, with a far-reaching meaning.