Yu Li
Going to the west wing alone has nothing to say, and the moon is like a hook.
Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn.
If you keep cutting, you will still be confused, and that is to leave your sadness.
Don't be a taste in your heart.
The author introduces:
Li Yu (937-978), 96 1 ascended the throne, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, and was called Li Houzhu. When he ascended the throne, Zhou Jianguo had been replaced by Song Dynasty, and the situation in Southern Tang Dynasty was in jeopardy. Since the Song Dynasty, he has lived in peace and contentment for more than ten years. After the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Song Dynasty, it was captured to Bianjing, where it was a prisoner for about two years, and was finally killed by Emperor Taizong.
Li Yu is incompetent in politics, but he has made great achievements in literature and art. He is good at writing and painting, and is good at understanding melodies, especially words. His creation is divided into two stages:
In the early stage, he did not engage in politics and indulged in chanting, banquet and dance. In order to make ladies-in-waiting dance more graceful, it is absurd and morbid to make ladies-in-waiting foot-binding. The bad habit of China women's foot-binding started from him. Most of his ci poems in this period reflected his luxurious court life. These words are mature in technique, but in fact they are the continuation of the ci style in the Southern Dynasties.
In the later period, after he entered the Song Dynasty, he gradually woke up from a drunken dream and was very angry and sad about the humiliating life in prison. His ci began to express the voice of national subjugation and pour out his deep sorrow of "Lacrimosa day by day". His ci has a lasting artistic power that touches people's hearts. It can be said that the national subjugation made him lose the throne of the emperor, but he made great achievements in the creation of ci. As Wang Guowei, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said, "When ci arrived in Li Houzhu, his eyes began to widen and his feelings were deep, so he changed the words of the master into the words of the literati." This is a pertinent evaluation of his literary status.
Li Yu (937-978), a Chinese character, was the last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, whose historical name was Li Houzhu. In 975, when the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu came out naked and was escorted to Bianjing, where he was "disobedient" and lived a life of "facing north day and night, only Lacrimosa". A master of the country who seized power by killing people suddenly became a prisoner at the mercy of others, and his situation plummeted. His grief and hatred are unimaginable to ordinary people. He accepted the sorrow of life and poured his own sorrow into his poems frankly and truly, making his poems "sincere and superficial, with long phrases", which greatly surpassed his predecessors in ideological content and artistic skills and reached the highest realm of poetry.
[Notes]
1 Meet: the name of the tablet. Also known as "Night Scare"
② Lock the deep courtyard in clear autumn: The deep courtyard is covered with cool autumn colors. The word "lock" symbolizes the protagonist's feelings in prison life, which is lonely and desolate.
3 Don't make a general taste: Some versions say "Don't make a general taste". There's another smell.
[translation]
Silent, lonely, slowly boarded the empty west wing alone, looking up at the sky, accompanied by a bend of Leng Yue. Looking down, I saw the lonely plane tree in the yard, and the deep courtyard was shrouded in cold and desolate autumn colors.
It is the pain of parting that keeps cutting and confusing. That long sadness (silk) is wrapped around my heart, but it is another kind of unspeakable pain.
Enjoy 1:
The word "Meet You Huan" sings the concern of parting. It is difficult to determine the writing period of this word. If it was written by Li Yu in his early years, the dazzling sadness in his words is just an episode of his court life. If it was written after returning to the Song Dynasty, it should show his heartache of leaving his hometown for the country. From the sentence "There is nothing to say when going to the West Building alone", take a picture of a compassionate god. A "speechless" person is not speechless, but has nothing to say. From the author's dull footsteps and dignified expressions of "silence" and "exclusive enjoyment", we can see that he is very lonely and sad. Originally, the author knew the truth that "you can't lean on the railing alone", because the scenery outside the railing often touched his inner sadness, but now he is willing to take this "risk", which shows that he misses his old country (or old friend) and is very attached. "The moon is like a hook", which the author saw in the West Building. The waning moon reflects the author's loneliness and the "three thousand miles of mountains and rivers" out of his sight (Broken Array). How many reverie and memories did he have? Looking downstairs, you can see that the deep courtyard is shrouded in autumn in Xiao Sa. "Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn", here, it is impossible and unnecessary to distinguish whether the "lonely" person is a phoenix tree or an author, because love and scenery are infinitely beautiful. After the film, people have been full of praise for the three sentences of "cutting without stopping", expressing sadness with hemp and concretizing abstract emotions, but what is even more remarkable is the sentence summarized by the author: "Don't be the general taste in my heart." Poets use vivid artistic images to express their sadness at parting, or write down the depth of sadness, such as Li Bai's "Parting and Parting": "No one can tell the sadness of the past when the sea goes straight to Wan Li"; Or write about the length of sorrow, such as Li Bai's "Qiu Pu Ge": "White hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is as long as long"; Or write about the weight of love, such as Li Qingzhao's "Wulingchun": "I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry"; Or write a lot of thoughts, such as Qin Guan's "Thousand Years": "Spring goes and spring comes, flying red like the sea." Li Yu used this sentence to write a sad taste: its taste is sour and salty, but it is rooted in the author's heart and cannot be dispelled. The tongue is not good, but the heart feels something. So you don't need to appeal to people's vision, but directly to people's hearts. After reading it, people naturally feel the same way in combination with their own experiences. There is no doubt that this way of writing has its profundity.
Appreciation 2:
This is the work of Li Yu, the last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. At first glance, the word seems to be a description of scenery in the upper part and romance in the lower part. In fact, everything is shrouded in sadness. Uptown feelings follow the scene and blend with the scene; Explore from specific description to indescribable. I write my feelings in various ways, so it's very touching.
Without saying anything, I went to the west wing alone. It's just that this sentence directly shows the poet's lonely figure, without a trace of imperial breath. Yu Pingbo said this sentence, has brought all the mournful expression. After losing his country, he became speechless and speechless. No one can be right. It's boring to go to the west wing alone and wander around. Take over the characters and only write about the scenery. The moon, like a hook, is the sound of nature, but it is extraordinary, moving with emotion and blending with scenery. The following nine words are connected together. Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn, writes scenery and writes people, and people and scenery are one. Nature not only wrote about the sky, the moon and the phoenix tree in the yard, but also wrote about people who saw the moon and the phoenix tree, which is a deep lyric. Lonely is not the phoenix tree, not the deep courtyard, but the poet's feelings in the phoenix tree deep courtyard. Jiu sentence is six or three syntax. The deep courtyard of the physical phoenix tree locked the abstract late autumn, like a ruthless cage locked the passionate emperor. The locked words are heavy and true, because this is the emotional experience of a prisoner in late autumn on a clear night. Without freedom, life is worse than death.
The upper part and the lower part are in one go. He used the same technique as writing Clear Autumn to refer to his feelings of losing his country because of his sadness. How to tell the unspeakable sadness? He began to try to make a concrete analogy, cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic, and it is leaving sadness. This sadness can't be eradicated, so I've been cutting it. Away from the roots, like spring grass, it is still alive as it goes further and further. It can't be straightened out, so the reason is still chaotic. In the end, he suddenly gave up and made it clear. Anyway, I can't tell: it was a taste in my heart.
Look at the full text, what I said is all vernacular, natural and frank, full of blood and tears, artistic attainments, ranking first. Words are better than feelings. Only when there is an indissoluble bond can there be immortal words.
The young mermaid Li Yunantang
When is the spring flower and autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the bright moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward.
author
Li Yu (937-978), whose name is Shiguang, Zhong Yin and Lian Jushi, was the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, known as Li Houzhu in the world, and was also called "the second outstanding man of the Southern Tang Dynasty" with his father Li Jing. Son of Li Jing, ruler of Southern Tang Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne in 96 1 year. When he ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty had become a vassal of the Song Dynasty. Li Yu was in office for 15 years. He did not go into politics. In bring disgrace to oneself, he indulged in luxurious and enjoyable court life. In 975, the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Song Dynasty, and Li Yu surrendered naked. He was captured by the Song Dynasty and sent to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). Because of disobedience, he was sealed and became a prisoner of "Everyday Lacrimosa". According to legend, he was poisoned by Song Taizong three years later. Li Yu has no ability to govern the country, but he has many literary talents. He knows melody, is good at calligraphy and painting, and is especially good at writing. Early works mostly reflect the court's enjoyable life and have a soft style. After the national subjugation, I miss the imperial life in the past and feel sad about the situation of the prisoners, with bitter words and deep feelings. His writing is straightforward, straightforward and natural, and he is good at depicting scenery in a simple way. His image is vivid and artistic, which has a great influence on later generations. His works are many, but few have been preserved so far. Later generations compiled the works of him and his father Li Jing into Two Main Poems of Southern Tang Dynasty.
Make an appreciative comment
Yu Meiren is Li Yu's masterpiece and Li Houzhu's desperate words. After writing this poem "Yu Meiren", Song Taizong hated his words that "the old country can't turn back in the moonlight" and poisoned him. It is about the pain of being in an "unbearable situation in the old country". The whole poem does not add algae or allusions, but directly expresses emotions in the form of simple strokes, which embodies the artistic characteristics of Li Yu's poems that infect readers by creating artistic conception. With "A River Flows East", it is more touching than endless worries. In 978, the third year of Taiping rejuvenating the country, it was the second birthday of the old country. Song Taizong hated his guts for saying that "the old country can't look back on the bright moon" and ordered people to poison the banquet. Queen Wu was sealed and buried in Mangshan, Luoyang. This word shows the endless sadness of a king who has died in the country in a way that contrasts the past with the present. "When is the moon in spring flowers? How much do you know about the past? " When did the beautiful scene end? How much of the past is still fresh in my memory? According to historical records, when Li Yu was a monarch, he indulged in debauchery every day, ignored the state affairs and killed the admonishers in vain ... Through this poem, we can easily see that the ruler of Weah became a prisoner in the Southern Tang Dynasty. At this moment, his heart is not only bitter and indignant, but also somewhat regretful. "The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." If you drag out an ignoble existence, the spring breeze blows again and the spring flowers bloom again. Recalling the Southern Tang Dynasty and Li's hometown-the old country died early. The poet lived in a prison house, listening to the spring breeze and watching the bright moon, moved by this scene, full of melancholy, and unable to sleep at night. The word "you" means that this situation has happened many times. This kind of mental pain is really unbearable, exposing how sad and helpless he is inside! In the dead of night, leaning against the building, I saw the moonlight like water. Everything in front of him reminded him of his deep nostalgia for the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty. "the old country is unbearable to look back on the moon!" What the poet said here is not only a deep sigh, but also a cry of deep pain. "The jade fence should still be there, but Zhu Yan changed it." Although "the old country is unbearable to look back", we still can't help looking back. These two sentences are dedicated to "looking back" and "old country"-the magnificent palace in Jinling, the old capital, is probably still there, but Zhu Yan, the maid-in-waiting who lost her country, has changed. This implies that Li Houzhu's country has a surname, and the mountains and rivers change color! The word "gang" is extremely heavy, conveying infinite disappointment with the changes of the world. The word "Zhu Yan" here refers to the pink girl in the former palace, but at the same time it is a symbol of all the good things and good life in the past. In the above six sentences, the poet tried his best to integrate beauty and sadness, past and present, scenery and personnel, especially through the strong contrast between the eternity of nature and the vicissitudes of personnel, and poured out the sadness and regret contained in his chest in a tortuous way, condensing it into the last eternal swan song-"How much sadness can you have?" Like a river flowing eastward. "Sorrow is like rushing out of the canyon and running to the sea. Filled with resentment, the poet made a thorough inquiry into life: "How much sorrow can I ask you?"? "It's like a river flowing eastward!" Life, life, doesn't it mean endless sadness? "One spring water flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sorrow, which shows that Wang Yang, who is worried like spring water, pours freely; Another example is the spring water, which keeps flowing day and night. These nine words really express the depth and strength of feelings in the upwelling. Nine-character, five-character, four-character, flat and even, alternating flat and even, and finally ending with two flat and even characters, it reads like the ups and downs of spring in Jiang Botao, which is endless and really colorful. These last two sentences are also based on questions and answers, which doubly highlights the word "worry", thus making the whole word echo and flow freely. As a monarch, Li Yu is undoubtedly a failure; As a poet, he achieved great success. This "Young Beauty" is a masterpiece that has been told for ages. He broke through the tradition of five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, and developed Ci from an entertainment tool of flowers and moonshine to a lyric style of singing life. The whole poem uses clear, concise, beautiful and fresh language, and uses various rhetorical devices such as metaphor, symbol, comparison and questioning to highly summarize and incisively express the poet's true feelings. No wonder the predecessors praised Li Yu's words as "songs of blood and tears" and "one word and one bead". Li Houzhu's poem hung on the predecessors: "Being a talented person is really peerless, and being the king of evil." Indeed, as a monarch of national subjugation, he has nothing to say, but as a generation of poets, he left many words of blood and tears that made people cry, which will last forever. The song "Young Beauty" is one of the most famous songs. The structure of ci poetry is rigorous, always hovering and fluctuating, and it is combined into a harmonious and coordinated artistic whole around a central idea. Before Li Yu, no poet could achieve such high achievements in structural art, so Wang Guowei said, "There are no words in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying, but Li Houzhu's works after his arrival include Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " It can be seen that Li Yu's artistic achievements are of great significance beyond the times. Of course, what is more important is that he feels deeply, so it is the emotion itself that plays a decisive role. It was also Wang Guowei who put it well: "The words of my ancestors are actually so-called bloody books." This song "Young Beauty" is full of sadness and hatred, with deep and strong feelings, like a raging river, desperate to rush out. A king of national subjugation, above the sword, dares to express his hatred of national subjugation so boldly. His courage is rare in history. Li Yu's devotion to such pure and sincere feelings is probably what Wang Guowei called "naive words" out of "a childlike innocence". This feature is most prominent in the poem Yu Meiren, for which Li Yu paid the price of his life. French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears." Yu Meiren by Li Yu is such an immortal work!