The story tells the story of a young woman named Liu Lanzhi who was beautiful, kind, intelligent and hardworking during the Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty. After she married Jiao Zhongqing, the couple respected each other, loved each other and had deep feelings. Unexpectedly, the stubborn mother Jiao looked at her with unhappy eyes, was critical in every way, and bullied her into firing her. Jiao Zhongqing was forced by her mother's orders, but she had to persuade Lan Zhi to stay away from her family until she tried to take her home in the future. When they broke up, the two vowed never to lose each other. Who knows that after Lan Zhi returned to her mother's house, her flattering brother forced her to remarry the son of the satrap. Jiao Zhongqing rushed to the scene, and the two agreed to "meet under the grave". On the wedding day of the satrap's son, both of them died of double suicide.
Two. Brief introduction of the author
So far, people have always believed that this poem came from the Han Dynasty and was written by an anonymous person.
However, according to recent research, there is a new statement about the author of this poem. I don't know if it is true or not.
Reference:
Speaking of the earliest existing long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast in China, most people now know that it is selected from Yutai New Poetry compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties. The original title is "An Unknown Man Is Jiao Zhongqing's Wife". As for who this "unknown man" is, there are different opinions. Li Bingcai, a senior Chinese teacher in huaining middle school, has been writing for 28 years. He thinks that he should be Xin Yannian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty from many angles, such as the habit of choosing words and making sentences, the unique regulation of articles and the writing techniques of poems. 165438+1October 14 in the morning, he introduced the motivation and process of the research in detail when interviewed by the author.
The main reason why Li Bingcai is interested in this problem is that he was born in a small town in Huaining County, where the story of peacock flying southeast happened. At the same time, it is a great pity that the author of the longest narrative poem in the history of China literature has not been admitted, so I always want to trace back to the source and give a clear answer to students and the history of literature. He found the History of China Literature edited by You Guoen at 1963, and one sentence left a deep impression in his mind: "At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, at the time of mourning, the five-character poets were Qin Jia, Cai Yong, Li Yan, Zhao Yi, Xin Yannian and Song Zihou." Examining the poems of the above-mentioned poets, Teacher Li Bingcai found that only Xin Yannian's style of writing is closest to that of Yuefu folk songs, and many of Lang's poems are almost identical to Peacock Flying Southeast, such as "I only love you" in the previous song and "I only feel sorry for you" in the latter song, which not only describes male feelings, but also is synonymous with "just" in both places. The most important thing is that Lang's theme is to describe the resistance of the dignitaries in the boudoir, and Peacock Flying Southeast is just such a sign, especially with the story of pursuing loyalty and pure love, which is very consistent with Xin Yannian's active and romantic writing technique. In addition, both poems carefully depict the dress of girls or young women in boudoir as much as possible, which is also rare in literati Yuefu poems and folk short Yuefu poems at the end of Han Dynasty, and this phenomenon cannot but arouse the deep thought of teacher Li Bingcai.
In fact, Teacher Li Bingcai does not rule out that Peacock Flying Southeast is a folk work, but judging from the wording and length of the whole poem, it is indisputable that it was finally written by a scholar. As for whether this "nameless man" is Xin Yannian, he handed his textual research materials to Li Xinglin, an expert on peacock flying southeast. Li Xinglin, who clarified the theory of the place where ancient poems occurred, strongly agreed with Li Bingcai's point of view, and thought it was another great achievement in the study of Peacock Flying Southeast. In fact, after the publication of the research papers, most of the academic circles nodded, which is somewhat a comfort to Li Bingcai's 28 years of research; But he will never stop, because he wants to make this national cultural heritage immortal.
Three. Practical significance
Because it is a narrative poem, there are not only characters, but also the author vividly depicts the characters' personalities in a simple way. Judging from the present content, this long poem seems to have been sung for a period of time after its birth, and the characters' personalities are gradually enriched in the process of singing, so every character is permeated with the feelings of working people. This feeling is not only manifested in the clear distinction between love and hate, but also in the name of Thai baht. The author denies everything that should be denied and affirms everything that should be affirmed. However, whether it is negative or positive, it does not follow a simple formula, but implies the social status and personality characteristics of the characters through complex and specific descriptions, and gives appropriate evaluation. Judging from the author's grasp of the depth of life, we can't help but say that this is an outstanding example of realistic artistic creation in China's classical literature.
Take Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi as examples. Zhong Qing was born in an official's family and worked as a historian in Taishoufu. Although his rank is humble, he already has the qualification to be a "product" in a strict society, so his mother said, "You are a big family, and you are an official in Taige", and you will have to rely on your support to make a fortune in the future. Obviously, he is a golden bird who grew up in a cage and developed a cautious and cowardly character. He is a kind-hearted white-faced scholar. The author basically affirmed his struggle, but when describing it, he tightly buckled his characteristics-characters experience and his personality characteristics. Zhong Qing loves his wife deeply. When he knew that his mother was going to fire Lan Zhi, he made a gentle gesture, then knelt down and complained. His mother was furious when she hammered the bed. He silently quit and went back to his room, saying, "I won't fire your mother, but I will force you to have a grandmother." At the same time, he advised Lan Zhi to lower himself and go back to her family for a while, and promised to pick her up later, but he actually had only a little fantasy expectation, and there was no practical way. Lan Zhi was forced to get married. He vowed to commit suicide alone and even told his mother about the plan. After Lan Zhi died, he finally fell in love with Lan Zhi. The author wrote that he lingered under the courtyard tree for a while, and then hanged himself, vividly drawing the character and face of the timid scholar.
Lan Zhi is different from him. Although the poem describes her understanding, makeup and dressing with exaggerated brushwork commonly used in classical works, especially in folk literature, in the door-door society, "born in the wild" shows that her family background is not in the eyes of "nine products are right". She is an independent woman who grew up in a well-off family. She is beautiful, intelligent and capable. Although the author tries to write about her kindness and meekness, there is a rebellious rigidity in kindness and meekness-a primitive form of the conscious consciousness of the oppressed in people's imagination. This rigidity is not necessarily understood from Jiao Mu's statement that "this woman has no manners, and everything she does is self-directed", but is more widely spread in all the details of Lange's actions. She understood Jiao Mu's intention and invited herself without waiting for the other person to speak: "I can't be driven away, but I can stay here and do nothing, so that I can go home in time." Zhong Qing cried at her and could do nothing. She said, "Don't mix up." Advise her to go back to her parents' house temporarily and plan to meet again later. She said, "Why talk about it!" She saw the problem clearly, understood her environment, and showed the dignity of an ordinary person. However, the author did not simply deal with this problem unilaterally. Lan Zhi knows Zhong Qing's character, but she loves Zhong Qing and knows that Zhong Qing loves her. The children's love still forced her to have a little fantasy about the cold reality. Zhong Qing said goodbye to her, and she urged, "If you see it, I hope you will come soon." This is her only hope, which will inevitably arise under certain conditions. The county magistrate sent someone to be a matchmaker, but she declined politely: "You can stop writing letters yourself, no matter how slow you are." Finally, her brother said, "If you don't marry a righteous man, you want He Yun." Stiffness immediately occupied Lan Zhi's soul, and the sense of dignity in the position of the weak and the oppressed was sublimated in her heart. She decided to express her final protest with her life, so she answered "Looking up" and quickly agreed.
When she left Jiao's home, her attitude was calm. When the date of remarriage is fixed, her attitude is very calm; Even in the end, "take off your silk shoes and lift yourself into the pool" has no hesitation or hesitation. She never bows to the environment. It's hard to find out how many people enriched Liu Lanzhi's character in the process of singing, but it is indeed the most beautiful expression of the glorious personality of a weak oppressed person under the historical conditions at that time. The cruelty and transformation of the environment have improved the spirit of the characters. With a simple description, the author puts the details into action one by one, which makes the work have a heartfelt appeal-a poetic appeal on the basis of truth.
Lenin said that Marxism not only failed to "abandon the most precious achievements of the bourgeois era, on the contrary, it absorbed and transformed everything valuable in the development of human ideology and culture for more than 2,000 years". As one of the great poems of ancient folk literature, Peacock Flying Southeast not only exposes the evil of feudal gate rule, but also records the true feelings of the people 1,700 years ago. It is a wonderful flower in the art garden and a mirror of history.