Nineteen ancient poems - a five-character crown. Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasty selected nineteen poems from the "ancient poems" handed down by unknown people and compiled them into "Selected Works", titled "Nineteen Ancient Poems", which were listed first in the "miscellaneous poems" category, and later generations regarded them as a group of poems.
"Nineteen Ancient Poems" was first seen in "Selected Works". The editor collected these wordless poems that had lost their original names and gave them this name. There are many opinions about the author and era of "Nineteen Ancient Poems". Some say that it was created by Meicheng, Fu Yi, Cao Zhi, Wang Can and others. Today's people comprehensively examine the emotional tendencies, the social life situations reflected in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" and its sophisticated artistic skills. It is generally believed that it was not written by one person at a time. It should have been produced during the reign of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the period, it was before Emperor Xian, that is, between 140 and 190 AD. ?
"Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a significant symbol of the literatiization of Yuefu's ancient poetry. The literati of the late Han Dynasty paid attention to the value of individual survival, which enabled them to establish a more extensive and profound emotional connection with the social and natural environment in which they lived. Things that used to be associated with external achievements, such as emperors and princes’ ancestral temple sacrifices, civil and martial arts, hunting and recreation, and even the officialdom of the capital, etc., once dominated the subject field of literature, but now give way to the real life and spiritual life of poets. The entry and exit related to life and illness, friendship and love, even streets and fields, phenological and solar terms, the subject matter, style, and techniques of literature have undergone tremendous changes. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was social unrest and political chaos. The lower-class scribes were wandering and wasting their time, and they had no way of wandering around. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" was produced in such an era and expresses similar situations and feelings. These nineteen poems are basically the words of a wanderer missing his wife. Specifically, the emotions of separation, frustration and impermanence in life are the basic emotional contents of "Nineteen Ancient Poems". ?
Ch'en Zuoming of the Qing Dynasty has a very accurate evaluation of this in his "Selected Ancient Poems of Caishutang": "The reason why "Nineteen Poems" is regarded as the most outstanding writer through the ages is that it can express the feelings that everyone has. People want to achieve their goals, but how many people can achieve their goals? How about being poor and lowly despite being wealthy? Who doesn't feel separated? From my thoughts, I guess it's common to see others abandon each other. Those who lose their lifelong companionship don't know the sorrow, and they don't know the joy. Once they are separated, the sorrow will be gone. Abandoning my wife and my friend Kuo Jue all have the same purpose. Therefore, although "Nineteen Poems" have these two meanings, everyone will read them as if they hurt my heart. This poem has the same temperament. Everyone has their own feelings, so everyone has his own poetry. But everyone has feelings but cannot express them. Even if he can express them, he cannot express them enough. Therefore, "Nineteen Poems" is specially recommended. "This passage points out. The emotions expressed in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" are the unique experiences and feelings in life. Such as: ?
"Plucking Hibiscus across the River" and "Gone with the Sun", which express the longing for one's hometown and relatives; "Come from afar" and "Far Far Away from Altair"; ?Express the tourists' feelings about their living conditions and some of their concepts about life: "Back to the Car and Driving with Words" and "The Bright Moon at Night". ?
In short, what "Nineteen Ancient Poems" expresses are the most basic and common emotions and thoughts in life, which are "feelings shared by everyone." Therefore, these poems can move people forever and remain fresh through the ages. At the same time, it expresses the social situation, spiritual life and personality temperament of scholars in an artistic way, and thus reveals an aspect of social life in the late Han Dynasty, which is of considerable cognitive significance. ?
The author of "Nineteen Ancient Poems" drew nourishment from Yuefu folk songs to nourish his own creation. They express their feelings without any pretense or pretense, and there is no deliberate carving, so they have a natural and integrated artistic style. Liu Xie summarized the artistic characteristics of "Nineteen Ancient Poems" in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Ming Poems": "Looking at its structure of prose, it is straight but not wild, tactfully attached, and full of emotions, which is the crown of the five-character poem. Also."?
1. It means infinitely. The wording is very simple and clear, "It is spoken plainly without using the literal meaning, just like a scholar speaking commonplace words to his friends", but it contains endless meanings and endless meanings; 2. Simple and natural. From an emotional point of view, the feelings in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" are pure and sincere, without any pretense; from an artistic expression point of view, the terms used to describe the context seem to be picked up at hand, and there is no wrong gilt-cut processing, but a natural poetic state like water hibiscus. . 3. Scenario blending. The scenery, situations and emotions described in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" are very consistent, and are often used to form an artistic realm of blending of scenes, and a harmonious and harmonious artistic realm through lines of description, metaphors, symbols and other techniques. ? 4. Refined language. The language of "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is simple and natural, yet extremely concise and accurate. It expresses the spirit and means something meaningful. ?
In addition, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" also uses repeated words to describe scenes, images, or describe situations, all of which are vivid and expressive, and also increase the beauty of rhythm and rhythm of the poems. ?
The emergence of "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is of great significance in the history of Chinese poetry. Its extraordinary content and expressive techniques are imitated by later generations and have almost formed a model. Its artistic style also influenced the creation and criticism of later generations of poetry. As far as the actual development of ancient poetry is concerned, it is not an exaggeration to call it "the crown of five-character poetry" and "the ancestor of five-character poetry through the ages."
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