Wanshui Qian Shan Wanrong
Horizontal batch: Vientiane update
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Couplets, also known as antithesis, antithesis, spring stickers, Spring Festival couplets, couplets, Taofu and couplets (named after the pillars hanging in halls and houses in ancient times), are a kind of dual literature, which originated from Taofu. It is a antithetical sentence written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. It is a unique art form of Chinese, concise and profound, neat and even, with the same number of words and the same structure.
Couplets are the treasures of China traditional culture.
The couplets hung during the Spring Festival are called Spring Festival couplets, and the couplets for happy events are called Qinglian couplets.
Couplets are a national style written by using the characteristics of Chinese characters, and generally do not need to rhyme (only the antitheses in the rhyme need to rhyme).
Spring Festival couplets have a long history. It is said that they originated from Meng Changjun, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. He inscribed on the peach symbol on the door of the dormitory: "New Year's Eve, Qing Yu, the number of festivals, Changchun", which means the word "inscribed peach symbol" (see "Shu Lang"). This is the earliest couplet in China and the first Spring Festival couplet. The basis of this theory is that Liang Zhangju, a couplets scholar in Qing Dynasty, quoted Lang from Couplets Conghua. However, according to the textual research of the General Theory of Couplets, Liang Zhangju changed "Ci" into "Fei Ci" and "Shu Lang Lang" when quoting. Different historical materials in the Song Dynasty have different opinions on this, and some people classify the author as the son of Meng Yun. So who is the author of this pair of Spring Festival couplets is still an unsolved case.
Parallel prose and rhyme are two direct sources of couplets. In the process of its own development, couplets have absorbed the characteristics of ancient poems, essays, lyrics and songs. Therefore, the sentence patterns used in couplets include ancient poems, prose sentences and parody sentences in addition to regular poems and parallel prose sentences. Different sentence patterns have different metrical patterns and different leniency. Among them, the sentence pattern of rhythmic poetry is the most strict, while the sentence pattern of ancient verse has no restrictions except at the end of the sentence.
Requirements of couplets
Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, including right, wrong/right, flowing, antithetical couplets and set sentences. But no matter what kind of couplets are used, they must have the following characteristics:
1. Words should be equivalent and sentence breaks should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.
2. Yes/Ping/Harmony, with a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "roll up/flat down", that is, the last sentence of the first couplet ends with roll up and the last sentence of the second couplet ends with/flat/sound.
3. Parts of speech should be relative and in the same position. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.
4. Be content-related, from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.
First, word equivalence.
A couplet consists of upper couplet and lower couplet. The number of upper and lower sentences is equal, and the number of words in the corresponding sentences is also equal.
Second, the part-of-speech counterpart.
Words with the same position in the syntactic structure of upper and lower conjunctions have the same part-of-speech attributes or conform to the traditional dual types.
Third, structural correspondence.
The formation of upper and lower conjunctions, the coordination of meaning, the arrangement of word order, function words