The full text is as follows:
The autumn wind broke the hut.
Du fu? Tang dynasty
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep!
There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which makes all the poor people in the world very happy! The wind and rain are calm as a mountain. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
translate
In August, the deep wind roared, and the strong wind swept away several layers of thatch on my roof. The thatched grass flew over Huanhuaxi and scattered across the river. The high-flying thatch is wrapped around the high treetops, and the low-flying grass flutters its wings and sinks into the low-lying pond.
A group of children in Nancun bullied me, because I was old and had no strength, so I was cruel as a "thief" to rob things face to face and ran into the bamboo forest with a thatch. I kept talking, and when I got home, I sighed alone on crutches.
Soon after the wind stopped, the clouds in the sky were as black as ink, and the autumn sky became dark and misty. The cloth quilt has been covered for many years, cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child didn't sleep well and the quilt was broken. In case of rain, there is no dry place in the whole house, and the rain keeps leaking down like drooping hemp thread. I haven't slept much since the Anshi Rebellion. The house is wet and dry. How can we get through the night?
How to get thousands of spacious houses, generally shelter the world's poor, make them smile, encounter wind and rain, the house is also as stable as Mount Tai. Alas! When will such a towering house appear in front of me? At that time, even if my hut was blown down by the autumn wind and froze to death, I would be willing!
To annotate ...
Autumn height: autumn is deep. Howl (háo): Roar loudly.
Three layers of thatch: several layers of thatch. Third, it refers to more.
June: Hang up, hang up. Hang up the phone. Length (cháng): height.
Ao: Low-lying place with stagnant water (i.e. pond). Pond, a "hall". A depression, a lowland by the water.
Being able to face a thief: being a "thief" in such a cruel way. Endure, cruel. Face to face. Do sth.
Into the bamboo forest: into the bamboo forest.
Can't shout: can't help drinking.
Qǐng: Soon, for a while, for a moment.
In autumn, the desert turns dark (pronounced hè in ancient times): refers to the gloomy and foggy autumn sky, which gradually turns dark.
Cloth quilt (qρn): cloth quilt. Quilt, quilt
Poor sleep: Poor sleep. Rupture: To cause to rupture.
House leakage: according to the definition of Ci Yuan, it refers to the northwest corner of the house, where the ancients opened the skylight and the sun shone in. "The bedside table is leaking" refers to the whole room.
Rainy feet are like hemp: it describes raindrops that are uninterrupted and dense as drooping hemp thread. Rain feet, raindrops.
Funeral (sāng) chaos: War, refers to the Anshi chaos.
Wet: wet and dry. He Yuche: How can I stay until dawn? Gee, Che Xiao.
Andrew: How can I get it? Lisa: A spacious house.
Great refuge (b √): Cover it all up. Hide, cover, cover. Poor scholar: "scholar" originally refers to literati, that is, intellectuals, and here refers to poor scholars. All: all. Smile: Smile happily.
Alas: written interjection means sigh, which is equivalent to "alas".
Sudden (wù): Here, the towering appearance is used to describe the building. See (xiàn): through "now", appear.
Lu: A cabin. Also: a "meaning". Foot: It's worth it.
Creation background
This poem was written in August of the second year of Shang Yuan in Tang Suzong (AD 76 1). In the spring of 760 AD, Du Fu entrusted his relatives and friends to build a hut next to Huanhuaxi in Chengdu, and finally found a place to live. Unexpectedly, in August of 76 1 year, a strong wind broke the house and heavy rain followed. At that time, the Anshi rebellion had not subsided, and the poet was deeply moved and wrote this well-known poem.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem can be divided into four parts.
There are five * * * rhymes in the first paragraph, and there are bursts of wind from the five rhymes of "good", "Mao", "intersection" and "depression".
"In the autumn of August, the wind roared, and my family's three hairs." The momentum was rapid. The word "wind whistling" has a grand sound, like the roar of autumn wind. The word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, which makes the next sentence not only full of action, but also full of strong emotional color-the poet finally built this hut and just settled down, but the autumn wind roared and rolled up layers of thatch, making the poet anxious.
The word "flying" of "Mao Fei crossed the river and scattered in the suburbs of the river" is closely related to the word "rolling" in the previous sentence. The rolled thatch did not fall beside the house, but flew over the river with the wind, and then scattered like raindrops in the suburbs of the river: "The highest one hangs on the top of the forest." It is also difficult to take back "those who go down float and sink in the pool". One after another, the dynamics of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "falling", "hanging" and "drifting" not only constitute vivid pictures, but also touch the poet's sight and touch his heartstrings.
The genius of the poet lies in that he does not express his feelings abstractly, but reflects his feelings in an objective description. These poems show a thin and shabby old man standing outside the house on crutches, watching the roaring autumn wind roll up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing across the river and scattered all over the suburbs of the river. His anxiety and resentment about the broken house caused by the strong wind can not but arouse the reader's soul.
There are five sentences with * * * in the second paragraph, which is the development and supplement of the previous section.
The thatch in the "Shejiang suburb" written in the previous section cannot be restored. In addition, there are thatched grass that fell on the flat ground and can be recovered, but it was carried away by "Nancun Quntong". The word "bully me" should be focused. If the poet is not "old and weak", but strong and energetic, he will naturally not be bullied like this. "Being able to face a thief" means that those children are intent on being thieves before his eyes. But in fact, this only shows the resentment of the poet who was bullied because he was "old and weak", and it is not true that "Quner" was accused of being a thief. They wanted to sue the government for crimes. So "my lips are burning out of breath", so there is nothing I can do. In the words of poet Du Fu's poem "Wu Lang Again", this is "it is better to be poor than poor". If the poet was not very poor, he would not be so worried about the thatch being blown away by the wind; If the "group children" were not poor, they would not have braved the wind to carry away those worthless thatches. This is all over. The broad mind and lofty desire of "a peaceful building, all the poor in the world are happy" is based on the reality of "four seas are poor"
"Come back and lean on the stick and sigh" always receives a paragraph or two. As soon as the poet heard the barking of the north wind, he was worried that the hut that was not strong enough would be in danger, so he went out on crutches and walked home helplessly until the wind blew the thatch of the house beyond recovery. "Leaning on the staff" is of course to take care of the "old and weak". The word "self" in "self-sigh" is very painful. The poet's unfortunate experience was only his own sigh, which did not arouse others' sympathy and help. Then the world is weak, which means that the content of his "sigh" is very profound. When his own house was torn apart by the wind, he had nowhere to live and could not get sympathy and help from others, he thought of countless poor people in similar situations.
The author lamented three things: 1. His own suffering; 2. The suffering of people around you; 3. The suffering caused by the war.
The third paragraph * * * eight sentences, written about the bitter feelings of broken houses and continuous rain.
The phrase "the wind will instantly set the color of clouds and ink, and the autumn is bleak and dark" uses a lot of pen and ink to render a gloomy and sad atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's gloomy and sad mood. It is expected that there will be dense raindrops sprinkled on the ground from the bleak autumn sky.
The phrase "clothes are cold and iron for many years, jiao zi lies with her feet cracked" cannot be written by an author with poor life experience. It is worth noting that this is not only a worn-out cloth quilt, but also a preparation for later writing. In Chengdu in August, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the rain is endless" that I feel cold.
"Since I can't sleep, how can I get wet overnight?" Two sentences, one vertical and one closed. First, from the present situation to all kinds of painful experiences since the An Shi Rebellion, from the stormy hut to the war-torn country; As soon as I closed it, I returned to the reality of "getting wet all night". Worrying about the country and the people, "getting wet all night", the poet naturally can't sleep. The "long night" is that the author feels that the night is longer because of the continuous rain in his house, and because he and his country are struggling in the wind and rain. "Why is there a car" and the previous "unbroken" concern show the poet's urgent mood of looking forward to both rain and dawn. And this kind of mood is inspired by the predicament of broken houses and iron clothes. Therefore, the poet links personal difficulties with the similar situation of others, and naturally transitions to the end of the whole poem.
"An tens of millions of buildings, the poor people in the world are happy, and the wind and rain are like mountains." Seven words were used before and after and nine words were used in the middle. Words such as "Guangsha", "Thousand Houses", "Great Shelter", "The World", "Happy Face" and "An Rushan" are loud and clear. This kind of feelings, singing is not enough to express, so the poet issued a heartfelt sigh: "alas!" " When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! "Expressing the author's feelings of worrying about the country and the people shows the author's noble character, the poet's broad mind and lofty ideals, which have been vividly demonstrated so far.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.