In many poems, commonly used rhetoric is as follows:
1. Metaphor
Metaphor not only makes the images depicted in poetry more vivid, but also embodies the modal characteristics of images. For example:
Lanxi bangge
Dai Shulun
Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more.
Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight.
Analysis: "Eyebrow": Eyebrow is used to describe the moon, depicting the shape of the moon in March, and reflecting its comeliness. Mirror: Mirror is used to describe the water in Lanxi, and it describes the clear and quiet water in Lanxi. It also reflects the brightness of moonlight.
Another example is:
Look at the mountains on the river
Su Shi
Look at the mountains and take a boat, and a hundred regiments pass by.
The front mountain is suddenly different, and the back ridge is like running.
Looking up, the path is oblique and there are pedestrians on the street.
Raise your hand and talk in the boat, sail south like a bird.
Analysis: This poem takes the mountains on both sides of the river as horses and ships as reference objects, making the static scenery of the mountains vivid and vivid. "Bird" is a metaphor of "lone sail", which indicates how fast a ship can sail.
2. argot (homophonic) and pun
In some poems, especially folk songs, in order to express a euphemistic and implicit emotion, the author often uses argot and pun rhetoric, such as:
Chunsi
Lipper
The grass is as green as Beth, and the mulberry leaves in Qin area are green.
When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago.
Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtain beside my bed? ?
Analysis: This is a well-known poem describing the love between men and women, which is a monologue of Qin's thinking about women. The poet made a pun, expressing the spring of nature and reasoning about the love between men and women; It also uses the homonym of "silk" (thinking) and "branch" (knowing) to connect the feelings of missing between men and women in different places.
Four ancient folk songs with seven-character poems on love or local themes
Liu Yuxi
The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River.
Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
Analysis: Qing and Qing are homophones and puns. This is a love song written by the author in folk style, and puns are often used in folk songs. Judging from the first two poetic sentences, the woman is probably sailing on the riverbank where the willows are fluttering and the waves are calm, and she hears the teenagers who love her singing love to her on the shore, but the implicit expression of love gives her the impression that Tao is ruthless but affectionate.
Climbing Yueyang Tower
Du Fu
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
But no news of relatives and friends reached me, and I was old and sick in a lonely boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Analysis: "There is Wu in the east, Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth", although they are cheerful and magnificent, describe the majestic atmosphere of Dongting Lake, but this is only a representation. It also includes the author's situation at that time (Du Fu was wandering in Jiangling, public security and other places because of the mutiny, aged 58, old and weak, living in poverty) and the country's situation-ups and downs.
Other figures of speech, such as repetition, parallelism, exaggeration, metaphor and so on, are not discussed separately because they are relatively simple or often used in modern poetry.
Second, the expression technique
symbol
Symbol is a commonly used technique in poetry, and its main function is to observe the moral integrity of material evidence. For example, "Mei" symbolizes nobility, beauty, elegance and simplicity; "Chrysanthemum" symbolizes nobleness, Ao Shuang and strong resistance to snow, which is called "flower of seclusion"; "Lan Zhi" symbolizes preciousness, loneliness and loftiness; "Peony" symbolizes wealth; Wait a minute.
Didn't find Lu Hongxian at home.
Jiao ran
He moved his home to the city wall and the country road to Sang Ma's residence.
The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn.
There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west.
Report to Dashan and don't return before sunset.
Analysis: Chrysanthemum Hedgehog symbolizes Lu Hung-chien's noble moral integrity.
Qu Yuan used "Lan Zhi" to symbolize his fragrance and noble moral integrity. Lu You symbolizes his detachment and strength with "Plum Blossom" (soothsayer Yongmei). Wait a minute.
(2) Take something to express your wishes.
Expressing one's will by holding things is an artistic technique for the author to express his personal thoughts by means of symbolic meaning of things, also called expressing feelings by things. Expressing poetry with things is also called writing poetry with things. For example:
Mo mei
Wang Mian
The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is full of flowers and light ink marks.
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
Analysis: This poem uses the technique of expressing one's will by supporting things, and expresses the author's faithful and pure ethics as noble as plum blossom, and does not flatter the secular.
Komatsu
Du Xunhe
When pine trees were young, they grew in deep, deep grass and could not be seen. Now they are found to be much taller than weeds.
Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.
Analysis: This poem uses Komatsu as a metaphor to describe people. At the time of writing, Komatsu was not noticed at first, and eventually grew into a lingyun tree, which reflected the author's thinking about the humble origin of talents and eventually became a great cause, and criticized the shallow vision of the world to judge people by their life experiences. The technique of expressing meaning by holding objects was adopted.
Similarly, there are Lime Poems by Yu Qian, Yongmei by Lu You, Feeling by Zhang Jiuling and so on.