In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, it was originally named Kan, the word Zhong Hui. He used to be a monk, and his legal name was Zi Cong.
A statesman and writer in Yuan Dynasty, he was also a famous architect in ancient China. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan listened to everything he said, and he was partial to any dragon. He used to be an official and lived in Pacific Insurance Company.
He advocated to Kublai Khan the establishment of the title of Great Yuan State and Emperor, the establishment of Yuan Capital (the predecessor of Beijing) as the national capital, the establishment of the official system of the Yuan Dynasty, the formulation of court etiquette, uniforms and salary systems, participation in the selection of officials and the recommendation of talents, and many Han intellectuals participated in the organs of the Yuan Dynasty, which made great contributions to the design of the political system of the Yuan Dynasty and played an important role in the construction and consolidation of the Yuan regime. Liu was not only a great politician in the early Yuan Dynasty, but also a famous scholar, emissary and Sanqu writer. He claimed to be a Sanqu composer with hidden springs and adapted his temperament.
He wrote a lot in astronomy, divination, arithmetic and literature, including six volumes of Tibetan Springs, one volume of Tibetan Springs Ci, twenty-two volumes of Poetry, ten volumes of Anthology, four volumes of Pingsha Fish Pond and two volumes of New Mirror of Fish Pond. Liu's great-grandfather worked in xing zhou during the Jin Dynasty, so he moved to xing zhou (now Xingtai, Hebei).
After the Mongolian dynasty destroyed the gold, Liu made Xingtai our ambassador and soon retired to Wu' an Mountain. Later, he swam out of the sea of clouds of monks in Tu Tu and changed his name to Zi Cong. Before Yuan Shizu ascended the throne, Kublai Khan paid attention to finding talents. He joined Zen master Hai Yun, and Kublai Khan left him to discuss military affairs with him.
After he ascended the throne, he participated in the design of the national laws and regulations system. Thanks to Dr. Guanglu's Taibao, he took the Chinese book and changed his name to Zhong Bing.
Liu Zeng suggested in the Book of Changes that Kublai Khan renamed Mongolia "Dayuan", and Kublai Khan adopted it. This is the origin of the naming of the Yuan Dynasty. Liu's works include poems, lyrics and Sanqu.
His poems reveal three thoughts and feelings: first, seclusion, such as depression, sitting in the pool and the city. Second, it is useful to the world, such as Looking in the Mirror and Autumn Feeling.
Thirdly, when the political struggle is sharp, I feel in a dilemma, such as "the master of ancient Shu, Kong Ming" and "Ada". The History of Yuan Dynasty says that his poems are casual and light, just like his character and demeanor.
The thoughts and feelings expressed in Liu's poems are basically consistent with his poems. However, it is colder. "Good Things" said: "A bamboo branch song is full of ice and snow."
Liu admires Yuan Haowen. He has 65,438+00 poems about mountain heritage, two of which say, "Articles are expensive since ancient times, but not novels." In fact, this is also his creative pursuit. Understanding simplicity and not seeking novelty are the characteristics of his poems.
But at the same time, it also brings the shortcomings of dullness and lack of poetry, and some of his poems give people a rough poetic feeling. In the mid-Yuan period, Su Tianjue criticized the poems in the first year of the Chinese system, especially some writers including Liu and.
Liu's ci is bold and unconstrained, but it tends to be straightforward, which is also one of the common weaknesses of his ci in the early Yuan Dynasty. Liu Zhu has six volumes of poetry anthology "Tibetan Springs Collection" and two Sanqu 12, among which Lu Nan, Dried Lotus Leaf, Double Tune and Moon Song are more influential.
The Moon Song is a masterpiece that mourns the past and hurts the present. "Dry Lotus Leaf" retains the folk flavor of the original Sanqu: "Dry Lotus Leaf is light in color, but the old handle shakes.
The less fragrant, the yellower. I was lonely in Qiu Jiang because of a frost last night. "
Zhong Sicheng, who specializes in recording composers in Yuan Dynasty, regards Liu Lie as a "famous writer handed down from ancient times", which shows that he is also a famous Sanqu writer in the early Yuan Dynasty. 1220, xing zhou was ruled by Mongolian regime, and Liu Kan was appointed governor of Xingtai at the age of seventeen.
/kloc-resigned from his post in 0/238. He joined Quanzhen Sect first and then became a monk. His legal name was Zi Cong and his name was Zangchun Sanren. 1242, appreciated by Haiyun, the leader of the Wa Sect in the Northern Zen Forest, was recommended as the shogunate of Kublai Khan (Yuan Shizu).
Zi Cong is knowledgeable, versatile and good at making suggestions. He was highly valued by Kublai Khan at the age of 27. 1250, he gave Kublai Khan tens of thousands of words of advice, saying: "The way to control chaos depends on the sky and people", "To take the world at once, you can't control it at once".
He advocated reforming the disadvantages at that time and establishing a system. Such as setting up hundreds of officials, reducing taxes and reducing officials, persuading farmers to mulberry, and promoting learning.
His thoughts gave a powerful impetus to Kublai Khan's adoption of "China Law". 1253, Kublai Khan went to Yunnan.
1259, Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei) recruited again. 1260, Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, and ordered Zi Cong to formulate various systems, such as establishing Zhongshu Province as the highest administrative institution and establishing the unification of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the first year of Zhiyuan (1264), Kublai Khan ordered to return to the secular world, restore Liu's surname, give him a name, and grant Dr. Guanglu, Taibao, and consult Hanshu to save trouble and understand the Privy Council. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial ceremony ended.
In the eighth year of Zhiyuan, at the suggestion of Liu, Kublai Khan took Dayuan as his country name. Liu also presided over the construction of Dadu and Shangdu, the capitals of the Yuan Dynasty.
125 1 year, Mongolia was in a great Khan position, and Kublai Khan was in charge of the military affairs of Monan Han. Kublai Khan moved the camp to Jinlianchuan on 1256 and ordered him to build a new city here.
1258, the new city was built and named Kaiping. After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he changed to Shangdu. In the third year of Zhiyuan, Liu was ordered to design and build a new capital in the northeast of Yanjing City.
The scale of the new city is huge and the project is huge. Under the auspices of Liu, Duan Zhen, it has made rapid progress. In the ninth year of Zhiyuan, Kublai Khan named the new capital Dadu according to Liu's suggestion.
In the first month of the eleventh year of Zhiyuan, most of the palaces were built. In August of the same year, Liu died of illness.
Liu is good at poetry, gloomy and heroic, and is unique in the literature of Yuan Dynasty. His works are handed down from generation to generation in six volumes.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, Genghis Khan, who rose in Mobei grassland, sent his troops south, drove off Nuzhen on the north bank of the Yellow River and set up the Grand Marshal's Office in Xingzhou. At that time, the Great Yuan Empire outlined by Liu was born.
In troubled times, Liu felt that "a gentleman should live in seclusion and look for opportunities", so he gave up his official position and went to Wu' an Mountain. A few years later, Zhao Xu Zen Master, who became a monk in Tianning Temple, heard that Liu was a talented person and sent his disciples to ask him to go down the mountain: "Don't be a Taoist there."
So Liu became a monk in Tianning Temple and became a disciple of Xuxiang. His name was. In fact, for Liu, no matter whether he is a Taoist or a monk, it is a clear door.
2. Classical Chinese translation of Zhang Wenqian Biography Zhang Wenqian, whose real name is Zhong You, was born in Shahe, xing zhou.
Young and intelligent, good at memorizing, with Taibao Liu Tong. Sai-jo lives in a secluded mansion and is divided by Xingzhou. He was recommended by Zhong Bing, and Qian Wen can be used.
Ding Wei was summoned to respond to the decree and ordered the Minister of Palace Affairs to trust him more and more. Xingzhou should be in a hurry. At the beginning, 2,000 families were divided into food cities for distinguished ministers. At the age of 20, they sent someone to supervise the collar, but they didn't know how to care. They want everything and the people are miserable.
Or go to the palace. Qian Wen and Bingzhong said to Sai-jo, "People's livelihood is difficult today, and Moxing is the worst.
If people are chosen to rule it, their effectiveness is blamed, and the four sides take the law, then the world will give it. "So I chose to take off my servants, Minister Liu Su and Assistant Minister Li Jian.
The three of them arrived in Xing, helped each other to govern, washed away corruption and violence, and returned to the exile, only to find that the number of households increased tenfold. Therefore, the ancestors began to attach importance to Confucian scholars from Qian Wen and let them govern the country.
19 1 1 year, and Xian Zong acceded to the throne. Qian Wen and Bingzhong counted those who took the current affairs first, told them to our ancestors, and implemented them themselves.
The sai-jo levied Dali, but Gao Xiang, the Lord of a country, refused to kill the messenger and fled. When sai-jo gets angry, he will slaughter his city.
Qian Wen remonstrated with Yao Shu, saying, "Gao Xianger refused to live, and it was not a civil crime to kill him. Please forgive him. " So Dali people rely on it all their lives.
I'm no longer with you, sai-jo. I'll cut the commander of Song. Qian Wen and Bing Zhong said, "If there is no war in your division, you should treat it equally, and you should not be addicted to killing." Sai-jo said, "I will leave this statement to you and others."
As soon as they entered the Song Dynasty, they ordered the generals not to kill people or burn down other people's houses before they knew what they had got. In the first year of reunification, sai-jo acceded to the throne and established the province of Zhongshu. Wang Wentong was appointed as Pingzhang politics, and Qian Wen was appointed as Zuocheng.
Establish a discipline to explain the benefits of diseases and serve the security of the country and the convenience of the people. As soon as the imperial edict came out, there was hope for peace in the world.
But literary tradition is taboo, and Hume can't agree with each other repeatedly when he asks for it. If the product was not flat, Qian Wen found out and announced the company's affairs with a formal name. On the eve of the disaster, China people unanimously said, "The people have been trapped for a long time, and the situation is severe. If we don't cut taxes, how can we comfort the hope of coming to the Soviet Union? " Wen Tong said, "How can the state-owned assets be supplied after the new accession to the throne and the suspension of taxes?" Qian Wen said, "There are enough people. Which one is better than the other? When the time comes, it is not too late to take it when you are one year old. "
Therefore, juān is exempted, the fourth is often given, and the second is the business wine tax. Fleas from Liu, point research number; Making friends with Xu Heng in his later period is the essence of the theory of justice.
People are just plain, and what they put forward is Yao and Shun's way of benevolence and righteousness. Count your blessings, but mourn, and you don't care.
There are only tens of thousands of books at home. In particular, it is our duty to introduce talents, and it is more beneficial to talk more.
3. The classical Chinese translation of Song Lian's "Dou Mo": Dou Mo is a saint, formerly known as Xie, whose real name is a native of Feixiang, Guangping.
Young people love reading and are determined to win. Mongolian army cut gold and was captured silently.
At the same time, 30 people were arrested, all of them were killed, and only Dou Mo escaped home. His home was destroyed by the war, and his mother is still alive. When he was frightened, his mother and son were sick, and his mother died. He buried her with illness.
When he came back, he fled across the Yellow River and made a living by his mother's uncle Wu. Wang Dongweng betrothed his daughter to him to study medicine.
After that, he went to Cai Zhou, where he met the famous doctor Li Hao and taught him acupuncture techniques in Tongren. Jin Aizong moved the capital to Cai Zhou, fearing that soldiers would come here and attack De 'an.
Xie Xianzi, the magistrate of Xiaogan County, gave him Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao's Theory Book. After reading it, Dou acquiesced that his past reading was not learning, and the real learning began with this book. Yang Weizhong was ordered to recruit talents, so he returned to the north to live in seclusion in Daming, giving lectures and discussing with Yao Shu and Xu Heng day and night, even forgetting to eat and sleep.
Later, he returned to Feixiang and taught his students with Confucianism, making him famous all over the world. When sai-jo was in the palace before he ascended the throne, he was invited. Dou Mo could not live in seclusion.
The messenger asked his friend to meet him first, pretending to be a civilian, and then he was forced to do so. After arriving at the palace, sai-jo asked him how to govern the world, not to talk about the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members first.
He also said: "Emperor Wang Zhidao, if you are sincere and upright, then the court will dare to be unfair." Sai-jo asked questions three times a day, and his answers were all liked by the emperor.
From then on, double the preferential treatment and don't let him go. Sai-jo asked who is the wise man who manages the country today, silently recommended Yao Shu, and immediately asked the Central Committee to appoint him.
Soon, the prince of the State of Jin was ordered to learn from Dou Mo, gave him a jade belt hook, and said to him, "This belongs to the inner government of the State of Jin, and you are an old man, just suitable for wearing, so that my prince can see it as if he had seen me." After a long time, Mo asked Nan to return it. The court ordered Daming and Shunde's residence, and the government often sent clothes.
When sai-jo ascended the throne, he called Mo to the Imperial Capital and asked him, "Do I want someone like the Tang Dynasty?" Silently replied: "It is Xu Heng who dares to offend the emperor and remonstrate with him, but is resolute and unyielding. On foresight, people with prime minister ability should count the history. "
At this time, Tianze was appointed as the special envoy of Fu Xuan in Hannan, and immediately recalled him as the right prime minister, and Ren Mo gave lectures for Hanlin. At that time, Zhongshu Province had just been established, and Wang Wentong, a political official in Pingzhang, was highly valued. He wrote silently: I have served your majesty for more than ten years, and I have been asked by him many times and listened to his teachings. It can be seen that your majesty is eager to seek medical treatment, all for the benefit of people's livelihood and the stability of the country.
When the first emperor was in power, treacherous officials were in charge of all the wealth in the world, paying tribute to imported goods and showing off luxury in order to please the emperor. Those who secretly form cronies and alienate their flesh and blood are all such people.
If these people are in power, your majesty will not be able to realize his original intention of protecting the country and benefiting the people. Your majesty has been hoping to save the world for many years. Today, your majesty is willing to accept the will of the people and inherit the throne. People all over the world are rejoicing and eager for prosperity.
However, to govern the world well, we must use gentlemen. Those who talk about quick success and instant benefit will never be able to lay a solid foundation for the country and make long-term plans for future generations.
If you don't let diligent people realize their wishes, please those diligent people in order to win their favor. Such people are trying to figure out the emperor's mind regardless of their advance and retreat, and are trying to impress the people with their interests. Their purpose is nothing more than to exclude sages and monopolize political power. Su Qin and Zhang Yi in the Warring States Period. I hope your majesty can find out.
I still hope that your majesty will choose a fair and well-informed person and entrust him with a heavy responsibility. This is the greatest luck of the people all over the world. One day, Dou Mo, Wang E and Yao Shu reprimanded Wang Wentong in front of the emperor and said, "This man is not academically correct, and he will harm the world for a long time."
Sai-jo asked, "Who can be the phase?" Dou Mo said: "In my opinion, only Xu Heng." Sai-jo is unhappy.
Wang Wentong was very jealous of Dou Mo and made him a prince teacher. He declined politely and said, "The status of the prince has not yet been established, so I dare not be named a teacher first."
Therefore, he was appointed as an assistant lecturer of Hanlin Bachelor. See Xu Hengchuan for details. Silently claimed to be sick and asked to go home.
Soon after, Wang Wentong was executed. Sai-jo recalled Dou Mo's words and said to the ministers around him, "In the past, only Dou Hanqing said that Wang Wentong was not available. If there are one or two things that say this, will I not consider it? " Recall Doumo, build a boutique house in the capital, and order the government to provide a monthly salary. Of course, the National Government will ask for his advice.
Mo and Wang Pan invited the construction of two Hanlin academies: one specialized in Mongolian characters and was in charge of state affairs with the charm of Hanlin bachelor; Secondly, Hanlin and the National History Institute still compile national history, take charge of imperial edicts and serve as advisers to the emperor, presided over by Hanlin bachelor He Lihuo Sun, and he is also in charge of Juzhu. Sai-jo agreed to do so.
Mo also said: "The customs of the three generations are clean and honest, and the reason why the national movement is prosperous is because schools are set up to train talents. Today, schools should be built, teachers should be hired, and aristocratic children should be widely selected for education as the basis for establishing good customs. "
Sai-jo adopted it. Before serving the emperor with Liu, Yao Shu, Shang Ting, Mo said silently, "If you are wrong, I should say it, agree or disagree, which has been advocated since ancient times.
This is not the case today. If you say yes, I think so. If you say no, I will say no. This is not a good political style. "The next day, a hunter who served sai-jo lost a stork, and sai-jo was furious. A courtier also said that this person should be punished.
Sai-jo hated the courtiers' pandering and ordered him to be beaten with a stick, but the hunter didn't ask for it. After retiring from the DPRK, Bing Zhong and others congratulated Dou Mo: "Unless the people really treat the emperor, how can the emperor be so sober?" In the twelfth year of Zhiyuan, the year of silence was eighty, and all the officials came to celebrate their birthdays.
Sai-jo said with great emotion, "If only such a talented person could ask God to make him a few years younger and let them stay with me to rule the world. It's a pity that he is old now! " Because Mo was too old to take office, Sai-jo sent eunuchs to send treasures and various utensils to express his condolences.
In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), he graduated from Zhao Jia Cultural Museum at the age of eighty-five. The sai-jo was deeply saddened and gave him funeral expenses. The Crown Prince also gave him two thousand yuan for funeral expenses and ordered someone to escort him back to the fat country.
Mo is optimistic. He never comments on others at ordinary times and gets along well with others. When talking about state affairs, the two men argued face to face, and people said that Ji An could not surpass him in the Western Han Dynasty.
Sai-jo once said to the courtiers, "I have been thirsty for sages for 30 years, and I only got Dou Hanqing and Li Junmin." He added: "If you combine Dou Hanqing's heart with Yao Gongmao's talent, you can really be said to be a complete person."
Later, he made a ceremony to a surname, conferred the title of Wang Wei, and gave him the title of "Zheng Wen".
4. Chen Qun's translation of key words in reading classical Chinese is poor in Chen Qun. He gets up early to study in winter, and the stove doesn't get paid all night. He pumped well water to wash his hands, and his skin was full of embarrassment. He is not weak, he lives on human capital. In winter, he has no fur. He went into the market, spent 300 yuan on sleeves and knitted himself a robe, which benefited his money. After more than a few years, his two brothers read them in the south building and went to the stairs. There was no night wood in the stove, so my skin cracked. Before I was 20 years old, I went to Beijing with others as a power of attorney and made a living in buddhist nun. In winter, I went to the market and bought 300 yuan sleeves to sew on my robe, so I copied books even harder. A few years later, I returned to my hometown and urged my two brothers to study. When you drop the rope and take food to drink, you don't go downstairs until every year. If so, your academic performance and knowledge have been greatly improved in two years. You can understand this article by word-for-word translation. Chen Qun is very poor. He gets up early to study in winter, and he doesn't get paid all night. He washes his hands with well water. He is not weak, he is only skin and bones. My two brothers are studying in the south building, going up the steps and delivering food and drink with ropes. They went downstairs at the age of 20. If so, they have learned a lot in two years. (Reading by Chen Kangqi) Chen Qun was very poor when he was a child, and he got up to study in the extremely cold winter morning. There was no firewood for the night in the kitchen, so he pumped well water to wash his hands and face, and his skin was cracked with cold. Before he was twenty, he went to Beijing to take refuge in others. Sew it on the cloth robe and copy it harder. After a few years, I returned to my hometown, taught my two younger brothers to study in the south building, removed the ladder, hung vegetables and tea with ropes, and went downstairs at the end of the year. This lasted for two years, and my knowledge made great progress.
5. Help me translate the dried lotus leaves in Liu Li, which are pale and swaying in the wind. All because of a frost last night, the fragrance was reduced and the yellow was added. Loneliness in Qiu Jiang.
Dry lotus leaf, not much color, not resistant to wind and frost file. Make eyes, pour branches, and Gongwa sing lotus picking songs together. I had a sweet dream.
Nanfeng, Beifeng, bleak misty cave. Song Gaozong was empty, and Wu Shan was still full of wine and flags. Two Jiangnan dreams.
[translation]
1. The withered lotus leaf is pale, and the old stem of the dry bar keeps shaking in the wind. The smell is a little weak and the color is a little yellow, which is because it was frosted last night. The lotus leaves on the river in autumn are even more desolate.
2. withered lotus leaves, with little green left, can't stand the cold wind and severe frost. Persisting in autumn water, the branches have been broken, and the ladies-in-waiting are still singing lotus songs. But prosperity disappeared like a dream.
3. Nanfeng, Beifeng, a bleak and foggy cave. Song Gaozong ended up with nothing. Look, the flag of Wu Shan is still flying. But Hangzhou has dreamed of wuyue and the Southern Song Dynasty.