In metrical poetry, the relationship between tone and rhythm should be clarified.
Based on the ancient rhyme of ancient Chinese prose, we can get into it.
The horizontal lines in the sentence are staggered, and the horizontal lines in the couplet should correspond.
Stick two couplets together, and the rhyme should be flat.
Rhyme began to take over the merger, and the two couplets in the middle were opposite.
One, three, five, whatever, two, four and six are distinct.
There are only four basic sentence patterns, and one example can get twice the result with half the effort.
Plain, plain, plain.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Although the rules are strict, it is difficult to survive, but they are immune to it and avoid the heavy ones.
Between the two flat clips, we must save them according to law.
There are two kinds of loneliness and helplessness, and there are two kinds of this sentence.
This sentence is easy to save yourself, and it is also easy to step on your feet.
If the last sentence is flat, then the opposite sentence must be flat.
Minor depression can't be saved, and major depression is six or five.
Five words are rhyme, and two sentences in this book are all rhyme.
Special sentence patterns are full of tears, and the exchange of five or six words should be equal.
There are four basic elements in metrical poetry, and the rhyme must be clear.
After mastering the basic rules, you can learn from Du Li and enter the poetry city!
Note: This formula takes seven words as an example and also applies to five words. For example, "five words of minor depression are hopeless, six words of major depression have five levels" has become "three words of minor depression are hopeless, and four words of major depression have three levels".
The other one; About "one, three, five, whatever, two, four, six words are distinct." Although not rigorous, it should be remembered by beginners.
As I said before, there are sixteen sentence patterns for writing quatrains and metrical poems. It's messy to remember and refer to when writing poems. I sorted out the following sentence patterns and included them all. Four basic sentence patterns: A, B, C and D***. For example; If you write seven rhymes, please refer to "BDAB" in the B-type sentence below. If you write a metrical poem, it is "BDAB 10 CDAB" (full sentence).
If you write five verses and five laws, you can only remove the first two words of each sentence. For example, in type A sentence, it means "(even) even"
(type a)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
(type b)
B: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
(type c)
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
(type d)
D: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
A: (Ping) Ping B: (Ping) Ping.
C: (Ping) Ping D: (Ping) Ping (Ping)
One: "rhyme" is based on the ancient rhyme of Peiwen, and it is advanced. Finally, the rhyme should be based on the flat sound and the standard of Pei Fu. (Today's rhyme is OK, but please pay attention to it), level tone, rhyme to the end. Pay attention to entering words
Two: "sound"
Flat and even sentences are staggered.
1: in the sentence, it is flat but uneven (two, four and six are distinct), such as "the scenery is different from the four seasons".
2. Online level and level,
In-line leveling should be corresponding.
For example:
"Under the west wing of the moon,
The windward door was ajar. "
The last sentence in the couplet is "the moon is half windy, the carriage is half".
These two couplets should be stuck together.
Two couplets are stuck together.
The antithesis of the first couplet is the same as that of the second couplet (referring to two characters, four characters and six characters), and the first couplet "Li", "Zheng" and "Wei" are the same as the second couplet "Shi", "Cheng" and "Jiang".
4. Two opposite lines in the middle
In this case, the two couplets in the middle of rhyme must be right (quatrains can be right or wrong)
With.
There are two couplets in the middle. In Zhuan Xu, the adjective "spot" is relative to "red", the noun "bamboo" is relative to "chardonnay", the branch is relative to "ten thousand flowers" and the thousand drops are relative to "hundred flowers". Dongting is a verb to Long Island, place name to place name, Yong to Song, and Lian to East. "Heaven" is to "Earth" and astronomy is to geography. "Snow" vs. "Poetry" Nouns vs. Nouns. So this poem, antithesis is very hard.
Three: There are four situations about rescue; (Take seven eyes as an example)
Although the rules are strict, it is difficult to survive, but they are immune to it and avoid the heavy ones.
Between the two flat clips, we must save them according to law.
There are two kinds of loneliness and helplessness, and there are two kinds of this sentence.
1; Sentence preservation
If the last sentence is flat, then the opposite sentence must be flat.
Minor depression can't be saved, and major depression is six or five.
Five words are rhyme, and two sentences in this book are all rhyme.
The fifth word and the sixth word of the A-type sentence are flat, the fifth word is small and the sixth word is big. Although it has been changed, the fifth word of the next sentence must be "Ping". This is called sentence saving.
For example, "if you report all the deaths in your country, no one will green your temples." The last sentence "I'm all over the country" here is an A-type sentence, and the word "yes, 10 thousand" should be flat, but it's awkward. The word "Wu" in the next sentence "No one can be green on the sideburns" is inherently ambiguous. It is the salvation of the sentence to remedy the word "You Wan" with the word "Wu" in Pingping.
2: This sentence is saved;
Self-help, flat feet,
Three struggles and five rescues are easy.
In the B-shaped sentence, the third word "Ping and Ping" can be deformed, but the fifth word must be "Ping", which is called this rescue, and the seven-character rhyme is called "three deformations and five rescues".
For example, "Seeing the heyday of the Four Dynasties" is a B-type sentence (only a B-type sentence can save itself). The word "four" in the sentence should be flat, but it is awkward. The word "all" in the fifth word omits the word "four", so this sentence is called self-help.
3; Special sentence rescue:
Special sentence patterns are full of feet,
Five-six exchange, three should be an even number.
The special sentence is the C-type sentence "Ping Ping", and the fifth and sixth words are interchangeable. But only if the third word is flat.
For example, "sunny" is a C-shaped sentence, "whether it is flat or not", in which "good" should be flat and "sky" should be flat, but the third word must be flat and "sunny".
4. Can you be saved?
Little depression is hopeless.
The fifth word in the A-type sentence is a small word. It can be saved or not. These are four forms of loneliness and helplessness. When you master them, it will be much easier to write poems.
There are four basic elements in metrical poetry, and the rhyme must be clear.
After mastering the basic rules, you can learn from Du Li and enter the poetry city.
Summarize the three major points, and remember them to master the basic principles of writing metrical poems.
Fourth, talk about rhythm
Start first
Any poem requires rhyme, no matter ancient or modern. The difference is that there are more or less restrictions on rhyme, and there are strict and wide restrictions. Poetry is the most musical style. In order to make its singing beautiful, it needs rhyme besides flat tones. Rhyme is one of the basic elements of poetic meter, the basic feature of poetic style, and the biggest difference between poetry and other literary genres, which largely depends on its unique musical beauty. Poetry rhymes flat and even, which is the flash of China's cultural heritage for thousands of years. She endows poems and songs with ups and downs of melody beauty and high and low beats, which are catchy and popular.
Poets use rhyme in their poems, which is called rhyme. Poetry from The Book of Songs to later generations has almost no rhyme. There are no folk songs that don't rhyme. In the northern operas of China, rhyme is also called "quotation" and rhyme is also called "match". Moreover, many new poems, even popular songs, sketches, cross talks, dialogues, operas and other literature and arts, are inseparable from it. Therefore, this is the premise of learning poetry.
The function of rhyme in the first section
One is a series of actions. Rhyme connects many scattered sounds into a complete tone, which makes the rhythm of poetry more vivid and harmonious. When you recite it, it makes people feel sonorous and pleasant.
Second, it is easy to remember. The rhyme of poetry makes people read fluently, even if it is long, it is easy to recite.
The so-called rhyme book is a book that classifies Chinese characters artificially according to the different phonetic vowels, which is convenient for poets to use. Rhyme must follow the rhyme book.
1, Pingyunshui
In view of the fact that Pingshui rhyme is still in use at present and can't be completely abolished in the future, just as traditional Chinese characters can't be abolished, therefore, people who study poetry must also understand it. Now it is mainly used to read ancient poems and rhyme according to them.
Pingshui Rhyme divides Chinese characters into five parts: rising tone, falling tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. Among them, the upper and lower tones are all flat tones, and there is no substantive difference. Just because there are many flat tones, the book is divided into two volumes.
Each sound category contains several rhymes. Shang Ping 15 rhyme, Xia Ping 15 rhyme, Shang Sheng 29 rhyme, Xia Sheng 30 rhyme, Ru Sheng 17 rhyme. Verses are arranged in order and have fixed serial numbers. For example, the 15 rhyme of the above tones is arranged according to "one east", "two winters", "three rivers", "four branches" and "five micro". Numbers only indicate the order of arrangement and have no other meaning. For example, "four branches" only means that the rhyme "four branches" ranks fourth, not to say that there are other five or six branches besides "four branches" Finger, finger, odd, meaning, er, finger, word and period all belong to "four rhymes", referred to as "finger rhyme" for short. If a poem uses "four rhymes" Several rhymes must choose words from this rhyme. Li Yi's Jiangnan Qu: "Since I married a Qutang businessman, he has not kept his promise every day. If I thought the tide was so regular, I might choose a river boy." This poem uses "four rhymes" The rhyming feet "Qi" and "Er" don't rhyme according to modern Mandarin, but they don't rhyme according to horizontal rhyme. If you read it in some dialects, it rhymes smoothly, because Shanghai dialect reads "er" as "you" and Cantonese as "meaning".
In order to have a general understanding of Ping Yun Shui, we have listed the rhyme 106.
Shang Pingsheng: Yidong, Erdong, Sanjiang, Sizhi, Wuwei, Liu Yu, Qiyu, Bayi, Jiujia, Shi Hui, Shiyizhen, Shi Wen, thirteen yuan, fourteen cold and fifteen deleted.
Xia Pingsheng: Yixian, Erxiao, Sanyao, No.4,, Liu Ma, Qiyang, Bageng, Jiuqing,, Shiyiyou, Shieryan, Qin, Yan and Xi 'an.
Shang Sheng: One Dong, Two Swollens, Three Lectures, Four Articles, Five Tails, Six Languages, Seven Rains, Eight Crops, Nine Crabs, Ten Bribes, Eleven Crops, Twelve Parents, Thirteen Ruans, Fourteen Droughts, Fifteen Crops, Sixteen Mills, Seventeen, Eighteen Bridges, Nineteen Crops, and Twenty Crops.
Out of tune: Yi Song, Ersong, Sanjiang, Sizhen, Wuwei, Liu Yu, Chyi Yu, Baji, Jiutai, Shigua, No.11 Team, No.12 Earthquake, No.14 Wish, No.15 Han, No.16 Advice, No.17 Clam, No.18 Xiao, No.19 Effect, No.20, No.21, No.22.
Entering tone: one house, two wo, three senses, four natures, five things, June, seven watts, eight branches, nine scraps, ten medicines, eleven mo, twelve tin, thirteen taxes, fourteen wins, fifteen hopes, sixteen leaves and seventeen contacts.
Novices will be puzzled when they see this list. In fact, we only need to have a general understanding of this, so we don't have to memorize it first. This rhyme table is very useful for looking it up in the dictionary. Some old dictionaries and dictionaries indicate what rhyme each word belongs to. If you look up the word "past", the old dictionary will indicate "strange rhyme" Compared with the above table, we can know that "Yesterday" is a tone-entering word, which belongs to the level tone in the level tone classification and cannot be used as a level tone word.
Every rhyme contains more or less words. Because the rhyme of metrical poems is very strict, the rhyme foot of each poem can only choose words from one rhyme, so the word selection space of multi-word rhyme (mainly refers to flat rhyme) is very large and easier to use, so it is called "wide rhyme". The general rhymes are: support, head, yang, Geng, you, Dong, Zhen and Yu. Some rhymes have fewer words, which are called "narrow rhymes". Narrow rhyme includes: micro, scattered, deleted, green, steamed, sad, salt. There is also rhyme, and there are few words to choose from, which is called "dangerous rhyme". The dangerous rhyme is: Jiang, Jia and Xian. The rest of the rhymes are called Chinese rhymes.
Although it is difficult to write poems with dangerous rhyme, some poets deliberately use it to show their talents.
In the past, imperial examinations were generally based on propositions and rhymes. The so-called "limited rhyme" means that only words are allowed to rhyme from the specified rhyme. Poets sum up each other's poems and use the rhymes and words used by each other as the reward of poems, which is called "step rhyme" or "secondary rhyme"
2. "New Poetic Rhyme (New Eighteen Rhymes)"
Based on the pronunciation of modern Mandarin Chinese, and referring to The New Rhyme of Chinese compiled by Mr. li jinxi (1890 ~ 1978) in the early 1940s, it is divided into eighteen rhymes, each of which is a flat tone, which is divided into rising tone and falling tone, and falling tone is divided into rising tone, falling tone and entering tone of the old part.
Some rhymes in Eighteen Parts can be connected with other rhymes (listed in the same line in the table below), which is similar to thirteen lines. There are two opinions about entering tone. One is divided into three groups (Ma Boge Ji, Qi Zhi, Yugu), and each group is called. Another idea is that all words should be charged.
A marijuana: a marijuana.
Bo Er (Children's Song): Orvo.
Three songs (Tong Bo): E
Four all: e ie ue
Five Branches (Tonger and Seven Steps): Me
Six children (all branches are connected): eh
Qi Qi (Tongzhi and Buer): Me.
Eight flavors: ei ui
Jiukai: Ai Ai
Aunt Shi (fish department): u
Eleven fish (bronze drum series): u
Twelve Hou: ou iu
Room 13: Oh
Fourteen cold: security
Fifteen marks: en in un
Sixteen Tang Dynasty: Ang
Seventeen Geng: engineering
Shibadong: Wang
3. Modern poetic rhyme
Qin proposed (as if he were the son of linguist Wang Li) the book Modern Poetic Rhyme, which was revised by 1979. It not only focuses on the evolution of modern poetic rhyme, but also takes into account the ancient melody. What's particularly good is that it also summarizes every rhyming word formation.
As far as vowels in modern Chinese are concerned, rhymes can be divided into the following thirteen categories. The term is thirteen rhymes, which means thirteen rhymes. In order to make you easy to remember, choose the most representative word from each kind of rhyme, not the number, which is more vivid-for example, a flower; Two song waves; Third; Gu Si; Five clothes, residence; Six open; Seven flights; Eight heights; Nine receipts; Ten mountains and days; Eleven; Twelve parties; Thirteen eastern sounds.
1, flower: a; ia； United airlines
2. Song Bo Department: O; uo； e
3. Some departments: IE; Unified standard device (abbreviation of Unified Equipment)
4. aunt: u;
5. clothing and housing: I; ü; hiccup
6. Opening: Ai; Uterine activity interval
7. flight department, ei; User Interface(UI)
8. high step, hey; International Orthodontic Occlusion
9. Receiving Department, Europe; international unit
10, Yamada cloth: An; Ian; safe
1 1，root:in； en； the United Nations (UN)
12, party: Ang; ; Iang Huang
13, Voice of the East: eng；; Ingong dragon
What is rhyme and rhyme in the fourth quarter
Just remember the following four basic concepts. The rest will be understood slowly.
What is rhyme? What is rhyme? What is "rhythm"? What is rhyme white feet? What's the difference between them?
1, what is "rhyme"? A: The basic definition of "rhyme" is that two or more Chinese characters with the same vowel sound are placed at the last position of different sentences according to certain interval rules, so as to create a harmonious, fluent and fluent reading effect and form "rhyme".
In Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie said: "Simultaneous response is called rhyme". In other words, "rhyme" is "homophone", which is called rhyme. For example, the words "Dong, Gong, Kong, Tong, Tong, Cong, Hong and Long" are all pronounced in ong, which means they all belong to the same rhyme. Represented by the word "Dong", it is called "Dong" rhyme. Another example is "Xian, Tian, Tian, Nian, Qian, Jian, Mian, Yan and Qian", all of which belong to the same rhyme, represented by the word "Xian", which is called "Xian" rhyme. Generally speaking, "rhyme" is a series of words with the same vowel.
2. What is "rhyme"? A: In the process of writing metrical poems, some words with the same vowels (rhyming words) appear in the fixed position of a certain sentence (usually the last word), forming a kind of rhythmic beauty and phonological beauty, which is called "rhyme", and rhyme is also rhyme.
3. What is "rhythm"? A: The rhyme of metrical poetry is called "rhythm", which is different from the meaning of the word rhythm that we usually understand. There are two explanations for rhythm. It is common for someone to dance rhythmically, which is what we usually understand. However, the actual explanation is "even and flat metrical", so it is a technical term in metrical poetry.
4. What are "rhyme feet" and "white feet"? What's the difference between them? Answer: rhyme must be placed on the last word of that sentence, just like a person lying on the soles of his feet. So the place with rhyme (that word) is also called "rhyme foot", while the last word of a sentence without rhyme is called "white foot". Obviously, "rhyme feet" must be flat, and "white feet" must be purring, which is called "clearing feet". If "white foot" is written in a flat voice, it is called "stepping on the foot" is wrong.
Section 5 Learn prosodic terms and understand prosodic rules.
Prosodic terms are most common in temperament, duality and Lv Zhang. First introduce some of the above, and then introduce prosodic terms. By learning these terms, you can learn a lot about prosodic rules.
1, poetic. Refers to the rhyme or rhyme book on which a poem is based.
2. rhyme. Words with the same vowel sound fall into one category, which is called rhyme. All the words in the homonym are homophones.
3. rhyme. Simply put, two endings with the same vowel sound are tied together. As we all know, the pronunciation of Chinese characters consists of two parts: the initial and the final (except for the last final). For example, the word "Han", whose initial is H and its final is an, can be pronounced as Han together. Rhyme has nothing to do with initials, such as "Dan", initials: d, finals: an. Although the pronunciation of the two words is different, the same vowel -an is used to rhyme at the end of the poem. The rhyme of metrical poems is not only easy to recite or remember, but also makes the works have the beauty of rhythm and timbre.
4. Ye Yun. One is Harmony and Xie Yun. Poetic terminology. It is said that some rhymes, such as pronunciation, are not in harmony with other rhymes of the same poem, so it is necessary to change a certain sound to coordinate the rhymes. Some literati in the Southern and Northern Dynasties read the Book of Songs according to the pronunciation at that time, and found that many poems were not harmonious in rhyme, so they temporarily changed some words in their works to a certain pronunciation. In the Ming Dynasty, Changdi began to use the principle of sound change, thinking that the so-called pronunciation of Ye Yun is an ancient local sound, which can be rhymed by reading the ancient sound and cannot be changed at will. It also means that this is a rhyming place (rhyme foot), and the leaves are in harmony, which means that it is in harmony with the top.
5, adjacent rhyme. The division of rhyme in ancient times was stricter than that in modern times. For example, "eng" and "ing" are divided into two categories. However, in modern poetic rhyme theory, because of their similar pronunciations, they have been summarized as a rhyme. Of course, in modern rhymes, there are still rhymes with similar pronunciations, such as "Gubu" and "Livable Department". Therefore, these rhymes with similar pronunciations are called adjacent rhymes. Judging from the rhymes used by poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, Pingsheng rhymes can be divided into several groups, and each group belongs to adjacent rhymes. ① Winter and winter; 2 branches, slight and uniform; ③ Fish and danger: ④ Good and grey; ⑤ Truth, literature, yuan, cold and deletion, first: ⑤ Xiao, Yao and Hao; 7 Geng, Qing, steaming; 8 Qin, salt, salty. According to this classification, mastering neighboring rhymes is more strict and formal. But in fact, modern poets have broadened the use of adjacent rhymes. It is generally accepted that some people even use rhyming words in Mandarin as adjacent rhymes.
6. Rhyme. A rhyme that belongs to the same rhyme part is called a rhyme.
7. Rhyme. Poetic terminology. The practice of borrowing rhyme from neighboring rhymes is called rhyme. It means that two or more rhymes can be connected, or part of them can be connected. When writing poems, rhymes can guarantee each other. For example, "one east" and "two winters", "four branches" and "five micro", "fourteen cold" and "fifteen deletion" in Ping Shui Yun can be linked. Classical poetry has a wide rhyme. Rhyme is widely used in lyrics, but it is very strict in metrical poems. Even if it is useful, it is limited to the first sentence, because metrical poems rhyme every other sentence (even sentence). As for the rhyme of the first sentence, it's no big deal (called optional). Since it is not importune, it is not a big deal to borrow neighboring rhymes to help.
8. Change the rhyme. Poetic terminology. The change from one rhyme to another is called rhyme change. "Pingping" means to switch to another rhyme department, and vice versa.
9. Rhyme. Turning from a flat tone (or a flat tone) in homonym to a flat tone (or a flat tone) is called rhyme turning. So "leveling" or "turning" is easy to understand. It is worth noting that to be clearly distinguished from rhyme change, rhyme change is between two different rhymes; Rhyme only turns in this rhyme. To sum up, it is: "Turn the outside into the inside." It should be noted that rhymes or rhymes should never be changed in metrical poems, which are only rhyming ways in words. As for how to gamble, you don't need to remember, there are rules for words.
10, with wide rhyme and narrow rhyme. There are many rhymes in the rhyme department, so it is convenient to write poems with many rhymes, otherwise it will be difficult. Therefore, the rhyme part of multi-rhyme words is called wide rhyme, and vice versa.
1 1, dangerous rhyme. Poetic terminology. It means that sentences rhyme with difficult words, which makes people feel that there is no danger, but it can turn difficult words into fluent words without rhyme. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, some poets deliberately put on dangerous rhymes to show off their outstanding achievements. The more Tang Dynasty liked to use dangerous rhyme. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi used the word "sharp fork" as the rhyme, which was praised as a masterpiece in the old rhyme.
12, chorus. Also known as "singing appreciation" and "singing appreciation". It is said that poetry pays people. Generally speaking, there are the following ways: one is to combine poems. Only pay the poem, not rhyme with the original poem; The second is harmony. Including: according to rhyme, also known as homophonic, the poem of harmony belongs to the same rhyme as the poem of quilt, but it is not necessary to use its original word; Use rhyme, that is, use the words in the original rhyme without having to follow the order; Order, also known as step rhyme, is to use the original rhyme and the original word, and the order must be the same.
13, harmony. Also known as rhyme, that is, poetry is the same as others, but rhymes with them. Wu Qiao answered all kinds of wild poems and asked the cloud: "Harmony poems have different styles, which means that those who answer questions but use different rhymes are called harmony poems;" Those with the same rhyme and different characters are called harmony rhyme; Different rhymes are called rhymes; According to the second type, it is called step rhyme (also called secondary rhyme). Buyun is the most sleepy person, such as beating himself up. "The mind is bound by rhyme, and the fate layout is the most difficult to manage." .
14, secondary rhyme. Also known as rhyme. Refers to a poem that is in harmony with people, but according to the rhyme and two places used in the original poem. Gu's "Rizhi" records a cloud: "Poetry has no rhyme, so it is better to have rhyme." The sign of unsuccessful secondary rhyme is mainly rhyme, but the meaning is the same, and the meaning you want to express can't be reached, just like blood flowing and the sentence is broken. Modern poets have also written "secondary rhyme", but if the eyes are too high and the eyes are too low, it is better not to write it.
15, rhymes. It is a poem that uses the rhyme used in one of someone's poems as rhyme.
16, rhymes. Also called rhyme, one of the old ways of writing poetry. Poets have a meeting to write poems, and choose the number as rhyme, and each person divides it, and each person writes poems according to rhyme. It's called "pink rhyme" and "fuyun". Ancient poets often used conjunctions, but later they were not limited to conjunctions. Bai Juyi's poem "Life Banquet with Flowers and Snow" reads: "Su Bi Lian Yun Sentence, Red Furnace Tour Drinking Cold and Warm Cups." Rhymes are mostly based on the number of people, such as four-person idioms and five or seven-person ancient poems.
17, rhyme restriction. When several people write poems and lyrics together, they should define a rhyme and write an article according to the rhyme. There are two kinds of rhymes: ① rhymes are not limited to words. (2) Rhyme is also word-limited, that is, a few words in a rhyme are limited.
18, subtitle. One of the ancient ways to write poetry. Several people get together and find a topic to write poems. This is called sub-topic, also called exploration. Generally speaking, everything is a topic and * * * is assigned. Subtitles sometimes rhyme, but they are not limited.
19, rhymes. Where rhymes are used repeatedly, they are called overlapping rhymes. On the one hand, "overlapping" does not mean the overlapping of the words before and after, but the overlapping of the words before and after, which means that the rhymes of the two words at the end of the words before and after in the poem are the same. That is to say, the word "rhyme angle" (ending) has two rhymes, and the last word is light syllable rhyme, which is more rare in poetry, but more common in folk art and children's songs. For example,
You and I have been apart for a long time, and we live like Sanqiu.
Although I miss you very much, it is sweet, but it moistens my heart.
At the end of the second word (Jiuqiutou), the word "Qiu Yu" rhymes, and the last word rhymes with "Fahua", which is called reduplication.
Reuse the previous rhyme example,
20, rhymes Some poetry writers also use this rhyme form, although it is rare, but it also appears from time to time. In a four-sentence poem, one or four sentences rhyme and two or three sentences rhyme. One or four rhymes, two or three rhymes. The former uses the rhyme "in one go", while the latter uses the rhyme "Benevolence". The former has the rhyme of the latter. This rhyme is even rarer.
2 1 rhymes. That is, odd sentences and even sentences rhyme separately, that is, they rhyme alternately. This rhyme was first seen in The Book of Songs and also found in modern poems, but it is not common.
One or three sentences use "one go"; Two or four sentences rhyme with "Middle East", which is the rhyme.
22. change the rhyme It is difficult to rhyme a long poem in the end, because only one rhyme is used in a long length, which will greatly limit the poetic expression and the choice of words and sentences. Therefore, poetry writers often use the method of changing rhyme to solve this problem. That is, in a long poem, taking more than two rhymes is called rhyme change. This rhyme is common in long poems.
23. Rhyme. This is a common rhyme pattern. Also known as alternate sentence rhyme or double sentence rhyme, that is, alternate sentence rhyme, whether single sentence or double sentence must rhyme, and some sentences also rhyme. It is characterized by neat distribution of rhyme points and strong sense of rhythm. The biggest advantage is that you don't have to rhyme every sentence like rhyme, which can save half of the sentences from affecting the choice of words and the display of content because of rhyme.
24. advance and retreat. Also known as "advance and retreat". Poetic terminology. One of the special forms of adjacent rhyme. Song's poem "Cang Hua" has a poetic style: "Whoever has pulley rhyme, double out and double in." There is progress and retreat, and there is progress and retreat. "Advance and retreat are two rhymes, that is, the second and sixth sentences use A rhyme, and the fourth and eighth sentences use B rhyme that can communicate with A rhyme, such as" cold ","deletion "or" fish "and" danger ",so they rhyme with each other.
25. Yunyun. Also known as "pulley grid". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. The windlass rhymes, double out and double in. That is, the second and fourth sentences use the rhyme a, and the sixth and eighth sentences use the rhyme b, such as "seven dangers" first, then "six fish" and so on. , also known as the pulley.
26, gourd rhyme. Also known as "gourd lattice". Poetic terminology. Cases that rhyme with advance and retreat. Huluyun, first two and then four. For example, "East" and "Winter" have two rhymes of "East" and four rhymes of "Winter". First small and then big, like a gourd, hence the name.
27. rhymes. It is a mistake when the rhyme of another rhyme department appears in the same rhyme department, but there is no such requirement in genre. This situation is called rhyme.
28, squeeze rhyme. Words that are the same as vowels in rhyme are used in the same sentence pattern or inappropriate places in the poem, which interferes with the prosodic effect and destroys the aesthetic feeling. It is also called "squeezing rhyme" if it is flat again. These words that are the same as vowels in rhyme can also be called dark rhyme.
29. Hold your feet tightly. Generally refers to the word that rhymes with the word with foot in this sentence.
Step on your foot. Metric poems stipulate that the rhyme feet must be flat and the white feet must be frowning, which is called "distinct feet". If white feet are written in a flat voice, it is wrong. This mistake is called "stepping on the foot".
3 1 rhymes. White feet that shouldn't rhyme rhyme are called "collision rhyme" (also called "multi-rhyme", which means cumbersome). There is also a saying that it makes sense to use rhyming words on white feet, which is also called "bumping rhyme" or "flat tone". There is a difference between rhyming and stamping. Stepping refers to the use of flat characters for white feet, not rhyming words; If homonyms are used, the error type is classified as rhyme.
Section 6 the basis of rhyme
Metric poetry must rhyme, rhyme must have a basis, and the basis of rhyme is rhyme book.
Now, according to the rhyme book, it is divided into old rhyme and new rhyme. Advocating "Yiping's Poetry of Water" is still based on "Pingshui Rhyme", relying on the noble family to be decent and claiming to be authentic. Those who advocate the rhymes of Putonghua, New Eighteen Rhymes and Modern Poetry rely on reform and innovation to keep pace with the times. At present, the old rhyme and the new rhyme are parallel, which is a typical dual-track system. In ancient times, the rhyme of poetry was based on rhyme books; Nowadays, there is no official rhyme book in poetry, and there are many self-created rhymes. Lao Ye's opinion is which one to use as long as it doesn't violate the rhyme rules. However, we should know the old rhyme with the new rhyme and the new rhyme with the old rhyme. Don't confuse them, don't be mutually exclusive, and long live understanding.
Section 7 General Rules of Rhyme (General Rules)
The rhyme of metrical poems should be based on evidence and follow certain rules. * * * There are six rules.
1, even sentences rhyme. There are 2468 rhymes in metrical poems and 24 rhymes in quatrains. Whether it is a verse or a quatrain, the first sentence can be put on or off. Generally speaking, it is common that the first sentence of five-character poems does not rhyme, and it is also common that the first sentence of seven-character poems rhymes.
2, only bet on rhyme. A good example of metrical poetry is balanced rhyme, but it can only rhyme, which is almost a dead rule. In fact, in the style of metrical poetry, if the rhyme is balanced, it will feel awkward, so the ancients can consciously abide by this rule.
3, a rhyme to the end, the middle can not change rhyme. Ancient poetry (ancient style) is allowed to change rhyme halfway, but metrical poetry is not allowed.
4, the first sentence into the rhyme poem, the rhyme foot of the first sentence can be adjacent to the rhyme. Because the rhyme of the first sentence is free or not, the rhyme foot of the first sentence can be less strict, or adjacent rhyme can be used. There is a nice name-"Lonely Swallows Join the League". This custom of using neighboring rhyme in the first sentence was quite common in the late Tang Dynasty, and it became a conscious fashion in the Song Dynasty. If you don't rhyme, you can only use the word "Xu Sheng".
5, a word is not allowed to rhyme.
6, the foot surface is clear. Look at "temperament" and don't go into details.
The strict rhyme of the above-mentioned rhythmic poems is only to illustrate the ancient rhythmic poems. If we write metrical poems today, we don't have to stick to the rhyme of the ancients. Not only the first sentence uses adjacent rhymes, but all other rhymes use adjacent rhymes. As long as you pronounce them harmoniously, it's ok.