This article was written by the author in the first year of Emperor Yi of Jin 'an (405) when he said goodbye to Peng and returned to his hometown. It is divided into preface, postscript and word, which is a kind of stylistic name similar to Fu. The preface explains the reasons why I left my job and resigned myself. The word expresses the determination to return to the field, the happy mood and fun after returning to the field. By praising rural life and working life, he expressed his dissatisfaction and denial of the real politics at that time, especially the officialdom life, reflected his noble sentiment of despising fame and fortune, and revealed his negative thoughts of pinning luck and happiness. The full text is fluent in language, harmonious in syllables, true in feelings and lyrical. "Come home to Xi" means "go home", and "come" and "Xi" are auxiliary words.
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The narrative clue of this article: Quitting-going home-going home-living indoors-going to the garden-going out-indulging in mountains and rivers-how to spend the rest of my life.
The lyric clues of this article: self-blame, self-regret-self-satisfaction-happiness, happiness.
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When Tao Yuanming was 4 1 year-old (405), he became an official for the last time and became Peng for 85 days. According to Tao Qian Biography of Song Dynasty and Tao Yuanming Biography of Xiao Tong, Tao Yuanming retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At that time, the county tour visited Pengze, and officials asked him to greet him with a belt to show his respect. He said angrily, "I don't want to bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "On the same day, I hung up my crown and left my post. I gave the word" come home to Xi "to clarify my thoughts.
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Reading "Gui Xi Ci" can't give people a relaxed feeling, because there is a sadness and helplessness behind the seemingly carefree poet. In essence, Tao Yuanming is not a pure hermit who only likes to travel around and doesn't care about current events. Although he said that "nature loves hills", his essence is to benefit society. When talking about Tao Yuanming, Mr. Lu Xun said, "It's poetry. In addition to the "leisurely view of Nanshan" praised by critics, there is also "jingwei holds a small wood, will fill the sea and dance in the fields, and his fierce ambition is always there", which proves that he is not in the clouds all day and all night. Through the angry words of "please rest and never travel" and "the world is against me", we feel heavy.
Is the setting of "Gui Xi Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The preface was written in November, still in the middle of winter;" If it is a retrospective direct record, did you search for' wood is thriving' and' when everything is fine'? Is there any personnel such as' the farmer told Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou' or' helping with a stick'? It goes without saying that it is an imagination that has not returned to the past. " (See Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Tapping" 1225 ~ 1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the immediate scene, but the imaginary scene and the scene in his heart. So, what's the difference between writing the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you can be seen by your eyes. There are scenes before you and words behind you, which is consistent with the scene and focuses on taking pictures. The scene in your mind is the scene of creation. You can do whatever you want. When you follow your heart, there is not necessarily a scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It's just lyrical.
The language of this article is exquisite. Poetry is mainly composed of six sentences, including three, four, seven and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and melodious. The words "zhi", "one" and "two" in the sentence are soothing and elegant. Sometimes with overlapping words, there is a strong sense of music. For example, "the boat is swaying, the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes" and "Mu Xinxin, spring water begins to flow". Use more antithetical sentences, no matter right or wrong, they are just right. Description is combined with lyricism and discussion, sometimes writing scenery, sometimes lyricism and sometimes discussion, which is scenic, affectionate, rational and interesting.
The last point of China people's life is that although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, no matter whether he did so positively or negatively, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden" or "Returning to the Garden to Xi Ci", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one who retired to the countryside. However, his seclusion has created a writer and formed a literary style, which shines brilliantly in the history of China literature. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no article, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just a poem." Although this statement is exaggerated, we can see its position in the history of literature.