[Three Kingdoms] Ruan Ji (five-character poem)
The sunshine in the morning is no longer bright, and the sky in the west suddenly quietens down.
If you go here to pitch, how can it be like September?
Life is like dust, lasting forever.
Qi Jingsheng Qiushan was in tears.
Kong was in Changchuan, but he regretted his death.
Not enough people went, and those who came didn't stay.
I want to climb Taihua Mountain and swim with pine nuts.
The fisherman knows the troubles of the world and drives a canoe.
Ruan Ji (2 10-263) was a philosopher, thinker and writer in the Three Kingdoms Wei period. Zi Sizong, a native of Chen Liuwei (now Weishi County, Kaifeng, Henan Province), is the son of Ruan Yu, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. He used to be an infantry captain and was internationally known as Ruan Infantry. Be ambitious and read widely, especially the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Love to drink, scream and play the piano. Excellent literary and artistic talents. For example, Ji Kang is one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Despise ethics and adopt a cautious attitude to avoid disasters in politics, which is contrary to what Sima Shi did. Ruan Ji's poems represent his major literary achievements. His poems are more than five words, sneering at the dark reality at that time. His words are vague, mainly five words and eight poems. The original volume 13 has been lost. There were many editions in Ming Dynasty, among which Ruan Infantry Collection compiled by Zhang Pu was included in 103 collections of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. There are 6 works, 9 essays and more than 90 poems.
works appreciation
"Asahi is not prosperous, and the sky is quiet." The first two sentences were written from the day that symbolized the passage of time. The sentence pattern is the same as the sentence pattern of "The wind blows in the daytime and suddenly returns to the West Mountain" in Cao Zhi's "To Xu Gan", which shows the sadness and emotion that things go west, are fleeting, are in full bloom and never return. It's just that Ruan's poem didn't write "daytime" anywhere, and Cao's poem was implemented as "Xishan". Emphasis on image and reasoning; First, it is important to write about scenery, and second, it is important to symbolize the past. It is said that "visiting here" means "arriving", which means that the prosperity of Cao Wei is fleeting in the pitch. It can be seen that the words "sunrise" and "daytime" in the first sentence not only symbolize the passage of time, but also have the deep meaning that Cao Wei's regime declined from prosperity to decline and never returned. Here, the poet combines the elegy of short life with the sigh of the decline of Cao Wei's national fortune. The double meanings intersect and grow with each other, and are placed at the end of the poem, covering the whole article, and the last twelve sentences are under his control.
First of all, the phrase "life is like dust dew" describes the shortness of life and the luck of the country with the strong contrast of "life-heaven". In the "dragon" heaven and the eternal universe, Cao Wei's regime has moved to pitch, not to mention a scholar, but disappeared like dust.
Under these four sentences, "Qi Jing rose to the top of the mountain", the short life and the luck of the country are described by the allusions of Qi Jinggong cherishing life and Confucius' sad death. "History of Arts and Literature of Han Dynasty" records that you visited Niu Shan and looked at Qi in the north, saying, "Isn't it beautiful? The gloomy Mount Tai! If there were no dead people in ancient times, what am I doing here? " When I finished, tears ran down my cheeks. "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" records that Confucius said to the flowing water that is gone forever: "The deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night. " In Qi Jinggong's visit to Niu Shan, he saw the beauty of mountains and rivers, lamented that he would never cry, and Confucius' pity for the passing of running water, the poet's double worries about his personal fate and the fate of his country were more profound than the previous metaphor and contrast.
In such a careless world, how will the poet protect himself? How can a poet get rid of this deep worry? The cross of "the departed is not as good as the newcomers, and I will not stay" is a great revelation. In the last six sentences, the poet took two chapters, The Songs of the South Yuan You and Zhuangzi Fisherman, to take their meanings. The first four sentences take the meanings of "travel far away", "I don't smell the past, I don't smell the future" and "I am willing to inherit the legacy", which means: the three emperors and five emperors were in the past, but I can't reach them; Although there will be saints in the future, I can't wait. It's better to climb Mount Tai and swim red pine. Red pine nuts are immortals in ancient legends. He swam with the gods and wanted to be born. He said in Historical Records: "I would like to abandon human affairs and swim from red pine nuts." The last two sentences implicitly contain the meaning of a fisherman, indicating that in order to get rid of the sinister situation of "carrying soup with fire" and "walking on thin ice" (Song 33 "chanting for a day and a night"), we can save ourselves from difficulties. Only by following the pine nuts and fishermen, that is, not dying or hiding, away from the troubles of the world, can we avoid suffering from far-reaching disasters and have fun. However, this is only a temporary fantasy. Immortals are unfounded and hidden, so they will eventually fall back into the dark world described above.
When Ruan Jisheng was replaced in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the contradictions and struggles within the ruling group became increasingly cruel and fierce. In order to usurp Wei Zidai, Sima Jia wantonly killed dissidents, and everyone in the government and the public looked askance at him, and everyone feared him. Poets have also been persecuted repeatedly. We should not only avoid disasters, but also vent our inner worries and resentment. So we can only express our passion in a tortuous and obscure way and in cold language. Express a serious theme in an absurd tone. This poem uses myths, allusions, metaphors and double meanings to make it obscure and profound. Zhong Rong's Poems said that Ruan Ji's love poems were "far-reaching and hard to find interest". It can be described as a confidant in poetry.