Taige Style: From the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, a so-called "Taige Style" poem appeared. Its sponsors are called "Three Yang", namely Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, all of whom are "Taige ministers", so they call their poems "Taige style". Its appearance is a retrogression in poetry creation, because it only pursues the so-called "elegance" and is full of praise and flattery to the emperor. It is not innovative and lifeless, and its influence is not as good as the "Kunxi style" in the Song Dynasty.
The "Taige Style" formed from Yongle to Chenghua embodies the spiritual outlook and aesthetic taste of the upper-level bureaucrats for a long time after Hongwu, and has widely influenced the literary world as a model. Its main figures are "Sanyang": Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, all of whom worked as officials to university students. At the same time, the creations of most senior bureaucrats can be classified into this school. Its form is mainly poetry, which can also include prose.
Chaling School: During the period from Chenghua to Hongzhi, the creation of Taige poetry tended to decline, and it was Chaling School that had an important influence on the literary world in this period. Chaling School is dominated by Li Dongyang, and its members include Xie Duo, Zhang Tai, Shao Bao, Lu Duo, Shi Yao and others. It emphasizes the pursuit of independent aesthetic spirit of poetry, and corrects the "Taige style" and its superficial poetic style to some extent.
2. Medium-term
The first seven schools: the literary schools in the Ming Hongzhi and Zheng De years (1488- 152 1). Members are, He Jingming, Bian Gong, Kang Hai, Wang, and He Jingming. These seven scholars are all scholars, full of moral integrity. They are dissatisfied with the corruption in the political affairs of the DPRK, and their morale is low. They strongly oppose the "relaxation and overlapping" habit of popular Taggart poems and eight-part essays. His literary proposition was summarized by later generations as vigorously advocating "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", aiming at pointing out a new way for poetry creation and saving the flagging poetic style. They all have a strong historical mission of changing the style of writing, but they have embarked on an old road of taking retro as innovation.
The last seven sons: the school of literature in Jiajing and Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566). Members include, Wang Shizhen, Zong Chen, Liang Youyu, Xu Zhonghang and Wu. Represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen. The latter seven sons inherited the literary thoughts of the former seven sons, and also emphasized that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty". Taking the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties as a model, it is more absolute than the first seven scholars to say that "literature begins in Xijing, poetry falls from Tianbao, and there is no sufficient view" and "there are no words after Han Dynasty and no words before Han Dynasty". They imitate retro, admire style, talk about statutes, flaunt each other, set up a wide range of doors, and have a greater momentum, thus pushing the retro tendency of Ming literature to a climax.
Tang and Song Dynasties: The representatives are Wang, Mao Kun and Gui Youguang in Jiajing period. On the other hand, the Tang and Song School not only respected the traditional position of the three generations and the Han Dynasty, but also recognized the inheritance and development of the Tang and Song Dynasties. The school of Tang and Song Dynasties changed the study of Qin and Han Dynasties into the study of Europe (Yang Xiu) and Ceng Gong (Gong), which is a kind of progress. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it also attached importance to expressing the author's thoughts and feelings with prose. They criticized the retro school for copying and imitating blindly, and advocated that articles should be written directly and have their own true colors.
3. Late stage
Public security school: In the field of poetry and prose in the late Ming Dynasty, the "public security school" is the most powerful. The representatives of this school are Yuan Zongdao (1560- 1600), Yuan Hongdao (1568- 16 10) and Yuan Zhongdao (1570-/kloc-0). They are. The public security school opposed the archaizing trend of thought of the former seven sons and the latter seven sons, and advocated "expressing the spirit alone and not sticking to one pattern", which was unprecedented.
Jingling School: A literary school in the late Ming Dynasty. Headed by Zhong Xing and Tan, they came from Jingling, hence the name. Advocate a "deep and lonely" style to save it, advocate that literary creation should show "spirituality" and oppose imitating the past. The so-called "spirit of nature" refers to the "spirit of nature" in studying ancient poems, which is nothing more than the "deep and lonely" style advocated by "sentimental single thread" and "each going his own way and quietly sending it away". It means that the style of writing is innovative and different, and the subtle meaning is deliberately pursued, forming the creative characteristics of Jingling School: deliberately carving words, novelty and difference, and language.