The explanation is as follows:
1. Depressed and frustrated
Pinyin: ché n y ù d ù n cu ù
Meaning: the poetic expression is ups and downs. The word "depressed and frustrated" is often used to describe Du Fu's poetic style.
Source: Tang Du Fu's "Into the Carving Form": "As for being depressed and frustrated, he is quick at any time, while the followers of Yang Xiong and Mei Gao can be compared with others."
2. Ancient prose movement
Ancient prose movement generally refers to the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties.
The ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties refers to the style reform movement characterized by advocating ancient prose and opposing parallel prose in the middle of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Because it involves the ideological content of literature, it has the nature of ideological movement and social movement. The concept of "ancient prose" was first put forward by Han Yu. He regarded the parallel prose that emphasized melody, rhetoric and antithesis since the Six Dynasties as vulgar writing. "Ancient prose" refers to the prose of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties.
3. pen supplement
pen supplement means that pen and ink can make up for the shortcomings of nature. Describe the role of pen and ink, and the brushwork is superb.
Allusion: Twenty-eight nights in Luo's chest, Yuan Jing is deeply concerned. In front of the temple, the voice is filled with emptiness, and the pen makes up for the nature. -Gao Xuan Guo by Tang Lihe
4. If there is injustice, it will sound
Pinyin: bù píng zé míng
Meaning: it means that if you are wronged and oppressed, you will give out a voice of dissatisfaction and resistance.
Source: Tang Hanyu's Preface to Send Meng Dongye: "If everything is not flat, it will sound."
5. Xikun Style
Xikun Style is the most popular school of poetry in the early Song Dynasty. It was named after Xikun Rewards Collection, which was a collection of poems composed by 17 courtiers in the early Song Dynasty, led by Yang Yi. Among its poets, Yang Yi, Liu Yun and Qian Weiyan made great achievements.
It is the continuation of the poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. In art, most of them followed the example of Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and unilaterally developed Li Shangyin's tendency to pursue formal beauty. His poems are beautifully carved, sonorous in tone, flowery in rhetoric, harmonious in melody and neat in antithesis, showing the artistic characteristics of put in order and Dianli. However, on the whole, the ideological content of Xikun-style poems is poor and empty, divorced from social reality and lacking true feelings.