Author: Bai Juyi years: Tang genre: five ancient categories: unknown
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is a poor woman with a child on her back.
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
The family lost all their taxes, so they took this to satisfy their hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry.
There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
Precautions:
This poem was written by the author when he was a county magistrate in the second year of Yuanhe (807) (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi), and it was a famous satirical poem of the author in his early days.
This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy farming season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. Why are you picking wheat? Because her family's fields have "lost all taxes"-sold to pay the palace tax, and now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so we have to rely on wheat to satisfy our hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat and the sun is shining on my back" and "My family's taxes are all gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's compassion! Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells. What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.
Chu River
When weeding is at noon,
Sweat dripped down the soil.
Who knows the Chinese food on the plate,
Every grain is hard.
Silkworm girl ①
[Song] Zhang Yu (2)
I went to town yesterday.
I came back with tears on my face. ④
Black and blue (5) Luo Qi (6),
Not a silkworm raiser.
To annotate ...
① Silkworm (c2n) female-a woman who keeps silkworms. Silkworm, an insect, spits silk as an important textile raw material, which is mainly used for spinning silks and satins.
② Zhang Yu (Y *), a poet in the Song Dynasty. The year of birth and death is unknown. Few words are stupid. Pixian, Yizhou (now Pixian, Sichuan) people. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan, calling himself Mr. Baiyun. His works include White Clouds.
(3) the city-doing business, buying and selling goods. This refers to selling silk.
Towels-handkerchiefs or other small pieces of cloth are used for wiping.
All over the body
6. Luo Qi (Q! )-the floorboard of silk fabrics. Luo, plain or thin silk. Silk fabrics with patterns or patterns. In poetry, it refers to clothes made of silk.
comment
A woman who lives in the countryside and raises silkworms for a living went to the city to sell silk yesterday. When she came back, she was in tears, and the sad tears even soaked the towel. Because the people she saw wearing beautiful silk clothes in the city were not silkworm farmers who worked as hard as her!
appreciate
Zhang Yu's poetry works are not many, but this "Silkworm Girl" has made him occupy a place on the big stage of China's classical poetry. Silkworm Girl, written in the Northern Song Dynasty, is full of satire and criticism of the society at that time. At that time, the feudal court, while wasting too much, compromised with foreign enemies, which increased the burden on the people and made life miserable. In this context, the poet described the experience of an ordinary woman who worked all day and didn't often go to town. She has been raising silkworms and selling silk for a living in poor rural areas. The whole poem is like telling a story: a woman went to town yesterday to sell silk, but she came back crying. Because she saw that people in silk clothes in the city were rich and powerful. Working people like her, even if they have raised silkworms all their lives, are unable to put on the "Luo Qi" ... This poem reveals the unreasonable reality that rulers get something for nothing, which is very convincing. There is no comment or profound association in the whole poem, but readers can easily feel the actual meaning of the poem and the poet's thoughts and feelings between the lines. Ancient poems fully showed the author's dissatisfaction with the society at that time and expressed his deep sympathy for the working people.
Silkworm girl in Du Xunhe
Pink is not hungry, so I don't know there is glory in the world.
I am very tired and hard every year, and I am covered in ramie.