Original text:
Thoughts in the dead of night
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Meaning:
(1) Silent Night Siwei: Thought produced in a quiet night.
⑵ Bed: There are five theories today.
One refers to the well platform. Some scholars have written an article to verify. Shi Cheng, director of China Educators Association, published the research results in a paper and created a poetic map with friends.
Finger well site. According to archaeological findings, the earliest well in China was a wooden well. The ancient well site was several meters high, and the wellhead was enclosed in the shape of a box to prevent people from falling into the well. The box is shaped like four walls and an old bed. Therefore, the ancient mine field is also called the silver bed, which means that there is a relationship between the well and the bed, and the relationship occurs because they are similar in shape and function. In the ancient Jingtian system, there was a special word to refer to it, and that was the word "Korea". Shuowen interprets "Han" as "Yuan Jing Ye", which means shaft lining.
Three "beds" are the general term for "windows". The "bed" in this poem is the focus of debate and disagreement. We can do some basic reasoning. The writing background of this poem is a moonlit night, probably around the full moon. The author saw the moonlight, then the bright moon, which caused homesickness.
Since the author looked up and saw the bright moon, it was impossible for the author to be indoors. If he looks up casually indoors, he can't see the moon. Therefore, we conclude that' bed' is an outdoor thing, and it is difficult to verify what it is. In a sense, the' bed' may be a festival with a' window', and it is possible to see the moon in front of the window. However, referring to the Song version of' Looking Up at the Sky and Bright Moon', we can confirm that the author is talking about the outdoor moon. In terms of time and loyalty to the author's original intention, the Song version is more reliable than the Ming version.
Take the original meaning, that is, the appliance of sitting and lying. The Book of Songs, Four Cadres of Xiaoya, contains a "bed of sleep", and Yi Wang Pi Du Zhu also contains the theory of "those who live in peace", which is about paving the way.
Some people think that bed should be interpreted as Hu's bed. Hu bed, also known as "bed", "chair" and "rope bed". In ancient times, it was a portable seat that could be folded. Mazar-e functions like a small bench, but the surface on which people sit is not a board, but something like folding cloth, and the legs on both sides can be folded. Modern people are often mistaken for "Hu bed" or "bed" in ancient literature or poetry. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, "bed" was still "Hu bed" (that is, mazha, a kind of seat).
(3) Doubt: It seems so.
(4) raise your head: raise your head.
Appreciate:
Thinking about the past in a quiet night is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are the author's illusion in a moment in a specific foreign environment. A person who lives alone in a foreign country and is busy during the day can still dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, the waves of missing his hometown will inevitably surge in his heart. Not to mention on a moonlit night, not to mention on a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the novel vividly expresses that the author woke up from his sleep and mistook the Leng Yue in front of his bed for the thick frost on the ground. It is better to use the word "frost", which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the author wandering abroad.
On the other hand, the last two sentences of the poem deepen homesickness through the description of actions and ways. The word "Wang" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, indicating that the author has changed from a daze to a sober one. He stared at the moon eagerly and couldn't help thinking that his hometown was under the bright moon at the moment. So naturally, I came to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home". The action of "bowing your head" depicts that the author is completely in a state of meditation. And the word "miss" left a rich imagination space for readers: the old brothers, relatives and friends in that hometown, the mountains and rivers, the grass and trees in that hometown, the lost years, the past … are all in my thoughts. A word "Xiang" contains too much content.
Amin Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai quatrains are all written in words. The so-called people who have no intention of working are unemployed. " Wang Shimao thinks: "(quatrains) Only Violet (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were extremely ambitious in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li is more natural, former residence. " What are "nature" and "unintentional work"? This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specially put it forward and said it was "a wonder of ancient and modern times."
"Silent Night Thinking" has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only describes the homesickness of distant guests in a narrative tone, but it is meaningful and intriguing, and has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years.
Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost!
The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry. For example, in the poem Xuanpu Liang Na written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian and Xiao Gang, "jathyapple is like autumn frost". Zhang, a writer in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote the clear moonlight with the words "Frost flows in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gives people a three-dimensional sense, especially the wonderful artistic conception. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry. "Is there frost already?" This poem is narrative, not figurative words, but an illusion created by the author in a specific environment for a moment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep at night and has a short dream for the first time. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the author is vague and in a trance, and it really seems that the ground is covered with frost; But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that this is not a frost mark, but a moonlight. The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a round of Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so bright and clean! At this time, he was fully awake.
The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold. For lonely and distant travelers, it is the easiest to touch their yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown and their relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", it vividly reveals the author's inner activities and vividly outlines a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night.
Just four poems, written fresh and simple, clear as words. Its content is simple, but it is also rich. This is easy to understand, but it is endless. The author didn't say much more than he had already said. Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it is also blurted out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the wonderful scenery of "nature" and "no work and no heart" in Li Bai's quatrains.
Reflections on the teaching of the ancient poem "Thoughts on a Quiet Night"
Ausubel, an American educational psychologist, wrote this sentence on the title page of his book Educational Psychology: If I had to sum up all educational psychology in one sentence, I would say that the only and most important factor affecting learning is what students already know. In other words, when a teacher teaches in a class, he must first know what the students know. Only by knowing the facts of students can we determine the teaching objectives of this course.
Then we can find an effective teaching method suitable for this course. To this end, I tried to design the idea of preparing lessons for ancient poetry teaching. Here I will take the first volume of the standard experimental textbook for compulsory Chinese education in primary schools as an example to talk about my preliminary ideas.
Because of the' some early education' now, students have long been familiar with the classic chapter of Silent Night Thinking before and after entering school.
. If the teacher is still confined to the routine in the classroom, most students will definitely lose interest from beginning to end, and the teaching effect can be imagined. Therefore, in view of this reality, I made a bold attempt and adopted the method of hierarchical teaching, that is, put forward high-level requirements for students with spare capacity and stimulate their desire to explore. For low-level students, it is mainly in the form of student-student cooperation and teacher-student cooperation to put forward requirements step by step, so that students can finally gain something and innovate.
According to the requirements of Chinese curriculum standards for primary schools for the teaching of ancient poetry, I have determined the teaching objectives of the article "Thinking about a Quiet Night" as follows:
1, read the whole poem with emotion and recite it.
2. Learn four new words: eyes, ears, head and rice, and know ten second-class words: stillness, night, bed, light, lift, head, hope, low, reason and hometown.
3. Accumulate and collect poems that miss hometown. The focus of teaching is to learn new words, recite the whole poem and accumulate language.
The specific teaching is as follows:
Explain the topic first and understand the learning situation.
Students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum should be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, and fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit. So, before the import,
After the title of the poem, let me know about the study first: Have you heard this ancient poem, little friend? How much do you know about this ancient poem? (Some students know the author, some can understand it, and some already know it by heart.)
It is based on this understanding of students' knowledge that I tried the layered teaching method.
Second, guide the situation and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
In order to respect students' individual differences and personalized learning styles, I first put forward the requirements:
(1) Students who can already read and recite will find their study partners to hold a competition to see who can read correctly and recite well.
(2) Students who can't learn pinyin will find trusted study partners (including teachers) to learn pinyin together.
Secondly, teachers patrol to understand the learning effect of students at different levels.
Finally, students communicate at different levels, so that students at lower levels can read ancient poems and pay attention to correct pronunciation. Then let the high-level students compete with their partners, and the students evaluate themselves. During this period, teachers must take into account the development needs of different students, and strive to make different students feel the joy of success and persevere, making it a spiritual accumulation in students' hearts.
In addition, poetic understanding and reading guidance can't be far-fetched, and teachers' analysis can't replace students' actual feelings. Let students deepen their understanding and experience in positive thinking and emotional activities, gain some feelings and thoughts, and be influenced by emotions. In the reading teaching of the ancient poem "Thinking about a Quiet Night", I pay attention to the students' real life experience: Have you ever missed your loved ones? Tell me specifically how I felt at that time. Then the great poet Li Bai wrote this ancient poem with the same mood as you. It can be said that the emotional and unique feelings will make students reread this ancient poem in a strong homesickness.
Third, guide writing and consolidate literacy.
In the curriculum standard, it is required to write with simple strokes, not asking for more, but refining. Teachers should guide students to write basic strokes and stroke order rules. The words in this lesson are all learned before. The teacher asked the students to read first and then choose their favorite words. How do you remember them? But don't do too much font analysis. Then the teacher instructs the writing. Model essay is very important in grade one. In this process, teachers should pay attention to the rules of stroke order, but students are not required to memorize. Finally, let students practice writing, which can reflect flexibility and give students the space to choose independently. There is no need to make the same request (at least two). After writing, students can also show their favorite words to their study partners and teachers, so that students can further experience the fun of literacy and writing.
Fourth, consolidate practice and strengthen accumulation.
In order to consolidate the content of this lesson, I designed the following exercises:
1, students read new words and expand them.
2. Game: The hedgehog picks apples. (Hold a recitation contest)
3. Expand and accumulate: What other poems do you know that miss your hometown? It doesn't matter if you don't know. Don't ask too many questions, as long as you have a sense of accumulation. )
Teachers, send the collected poems describing homesickness to students for them to read. Those who have the ability can try to recite it.
Fifth, summarize the full text and arrange practical work.
In the arrangement of homework, I arranged for students to observe the night sky and tell my classmates what they saw. At the same time, I asked my spare classmates to collect other ancient poems of Li Bai and write down poems describing homesickness. You can ask your parents or other elders, or you can find it yourself. ) This not only pays attention to students' individual development, but also cultivates students' extensive reading interest, expands the reading scope, and truly teaches for students!