"The Biography of King Gesar" is a literary masterpiece of folk oral legend in Tibetan areas
It tells the story of a famous heroic figure in ancient Tibet. Gesar
Er is a hero with vast supernatural powers, boundless magic power, and a close relationship with the people
. In Tibet, from agricultural areas to pastoral areas, from towns to remote places, there are people who can more or less tell some stories about Gesar, just like the Han people.
District people say that the Monkey King in "Journey to the West" is just as ordinary.
"The Biography of King Gesar" is a heroic epic of the Tibetan people.
There are inconsistent opinions in various places. Some say thirty divisions, some say thirty-two divisions, and some say three
ten divisions. Some say thirty-two divisions, and some Talk about thirty-six or sixty-four parts
. Now it seems that it is more accurate to say that it is thirty-six, and it is estimated that there are 15 million words in one book.
"The Biography of King Gesar", a masterpiece of folk literature, truly reflects the three to four hundred years after the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty through the wars between ancient Ling and Huoer countries.
Tibet’s separatist regime and melee situation, as well as the dire straits of the people at that time.
The epic depicts the character of Gesar, who subdues demons, restrains the strong and supports the weak,
so that people can live a peaceful life and come to the world. Gesar fought many wars
in his life, but these wars were all fought to repel the invaders and for self-defense
. In order to punish the culprits who provoked the war, he fought fiercely; but he would never harass the common people, and he also opened warehouses to help the poor people.
At the same time, we can see the ugly images of the villains King Hall, King Jiang and others from the epic.
"The Biography of King Gesar" is rare in art. It depicts hundreds of
characters, each with a very distinctive personality and lifelike image.
"The Biography of King Gesar" also uses mythological techniques. For example, the description of Gesar's horse can advise him, the crow can find a concubine for King Hall, and the arrows shot in the battle can come back on their own. The story is full of romanticism. History
Poetry is a work that combines romanticism and realism.
In terms of language, the epic uses exaggerated writing methods. For example, when describing Gesar's war horse, it is said that its body is as high as a mountain and its eyes are as big as a lake. The back is as wide as the desert, and the tail is five hundred feet long. It roars like thunder and moves like the wind. It is indeed a masterpiece.
It is a masterpiece. This brings out the heroic physique of Gesar, the owner of the horse. The description of Jia Cha, a Zhang Fei-style character, is also unique and very detailed. For example, the knife used for Jia Cha is Seventy lines of poetry are used to describe it, leaving a deep impression on people after reading it.
"The Biography of King Gesar" is another treasure house of Tibetan vocabulary. The whole text is full of narrative and singing, and a large number of arias are in the form of "Lu" folk songs that are popular among Tibetan people. It also contains a large number of proverbs and vivid metaphors.
What is even more worth mentioning is that the close and friendly feelings between the Tibetan and Han peoples are revealed between the lines of the great epic "The Biography of King Gesar"
. For example
As for the character Jiacha, people portray him as Gesar’s uncle, the son of a Han princess; moreover, his magical sword is the “Han Dynasty”. Made by the auspicious country of the earth
". The epic also describes the exchange of tea and horses between Tibetans and Han people
Reflecting that since ancient times, the people of the two ethnic groups have exchanged goods and have friendly exchanges
.
"The Biography of King Gesar" is not only a masterpiece of folk literature with extremely high ideological and artistic qualities
, but also a history with rich content. In the epic, it not only writes about the war, but also the political life of the society at that time, the military organizations of both sides of the war, and the production among the slave owners involved due to the influence of the war. The relationships
are all displayed one by one, giving us a clear understanding of the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty
. During the intervening four hundred years, Tibetan historical records are very simple and very few, but "The Biography of King Gesar" helps us understand this period of Tibetan history from the side.
political and economic conditions.
Not only that, this epic covers a wide range of social life at that time.
In the epic, the religious rituals, social customs, marriage system, and living habits of the people at that time are displayed in front of people. From the masterpiece, people can see that although there were monks at that time, their duty was to chant sutras and pray to gods, and they did not have the function of managing society, which shows that Buddhism did not exist at that time. More power.
Only after the "unity of politics and religion" did Buddhism possess supreme power. We can also see that the society at that time was still mainly nomadic. Although there was agriculture, it was in a secondary status.
The nomadic tribe is also a military organization. The leader not only organizes production, manages the people of the tribe, but also directs war. This was the political organization system at that time.
Precisely because "The Biography of King Gesar" is so rich in content, covers such a wide range of aspects
, the story is so vivid, and the language is so simple and beautiful, so,
It is not only loved and widely circulated by the Tibetan people, but also has translations in Russian
, English, French, Hindi, Mongolian and other languages ??abroad.