The ancient literati in China have always been sentimental and have a sad feeling about autumn. It seems that in autumn, especially in late autumn, all kinds of bad moods will appear. At that time, the cold wind whimpered, the cold rain dripped, the yellow leaves fell and the vegetation withered. So touching the scene, sadness is born from the heart, forming the end of the pen, and it becomes a sad autumn. Song Yu, a scholar-bureaucrat, a poet and a handsome boy in Chu during the Warring States period, was the first to set the trend. He wrote in his long poem "Nine Arguments" imitating his predecessor Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Alas, autumn is also angry! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. If you are far away, you will travel far, and if you are near, the water will return to the mountains. " Express the feeling that "the poor are dereliction of duty and their ambitions are uneven" and the ambition of "Ning poor places do not stay high". Song Yu created the theme and sustenance of the poems about sad autumn, which can be called the originator of China's poems about sad autumn and laid the foundation of the poems about sad autumn in previous dynasties. Its far-reaching influence has always been admired and imitated. For example, Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Decline": I am well aware of Song Yu's sadness, romance and elegance, and he is also my teacher. Sad to see a thousand autumn, a tear, melancholy in different times, not at the same time. (In the poem "Up the Mountain" in Five Poems on Historic Sites (II), "Leaves fall like waterfalls, but I think the long river is always rolling". I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, with my sorrow for a hundred years, I climb this high alone "is definitely a famous sad autumn sentence in the seven laws." The first sentence in "Seventeen Poems of Qiupu" written by Li Bai is "Qiupu looks at autumn scenery, and depression makes people worry". "White hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is like a beard", which is a famous sentence in a five-character poem.
The word "Ai" came into being in the period of divination and sacrifice in Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Etymologically, it is "autumn in my heart" that synthesizes a word "sorrow". It can be seen that when the ancients created characters, they tended to express a kind of anxiety with their psychological perception of autumn. Wu Wenying, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "Where to synthesize worries and keep people's hearts for autumn" ("Tang Duoling Farewell"), which subtly expressed a kind of parting from the etymology. Of course, the classic writing of parting thoughts should be based on Lin Yuling written by Liu Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Emotional parting has existed since ancient times, and what's more, it's better to keep the autumn festival in the cold. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, the waning moon in Xiao Feng ",how sad and sentimental it is!
Compared with the former sages, the poets of Song Dynasty are experts in writing autumn in their hearts. According to the artificial statistics of non-big data, more than 300 and nearly 20,000 Song poems of/kloc-0 were collected, and there were 3,845 "sad" words. Among them, Li Qingzhao, the most outstanding poetess, has 45 songs, and 14 of them directly use the word "sorrow". The most popular "Looking for Slow Voice" can be called the swan song of the ages. Surprisingly, although the whole word only uses one word "sorrow", it appears in the form of a question: "This time, how can there be a word that is sad?" As she wrote in another sentence: "I'm afraid the ship can't carry much on its mind." Both are hard to hide, or overwhelmed, and both have a sense of overflow, but they are wonderful in the same work.
Poetry or words often advocate twists and turns, implicit, but they may also be frank and frank. Xin Qiji is a master of both. In The Ugly Slave in the Middle Wall of Shuboshan Road, he tells his own sad story with words, which is very enlightening. Its word says: "Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow and fall in love with the floor. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words. Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. I want to say that I am still resting, but I know that it is cold and autumn. " The ancients liked to go upstairs to write poems, because they climbed the stairs to overlook the poem, hoping to get the "purity in the eyes of a smoker" (see Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo and others for English-inspired Chinese transliteration). But young and ignorant and inexperienced, he insisted on talking about sadness and posing as a melancholy prince. That is worrying about assigning new words. Xin Qiji admits that he has had such an experience. Obviously, many poets have had it, but they just don't necessarily know it. Even if there is, it will not be as introspective as Jia Xuan. Arguing and worrying are useless, but they put on a sad and serious look. And only after I really know the taste of sadness, do I want to say that I have rested. In fact, the worries written in classical poetry are also various, small and big. Most of the unreasonable worries such as idle worries are shallow and not trained enough. In addition, there are sadness of leaving home, homesickness, emotional sadness, self-injury sadness and bereavement sadness. Although it only involves individuals, it is also sympathetic and sad. As for the sorrow of home and country, it belongs to great sorrow, and naturally it cannot be equated. Xin Qiji lived in the enemy-occupied area occupied by Jin people since childhood, and made a great wish to restore the Central Plains when he was a teenager. After returning to the Southern Song Dynasty, he rose up against the gold and became famous for his bravery and bravery. 1 174, after being idle for many years, he will become a small official of the Dongan government department, and then he will board the Shangxin Pavilion in Jiankang and write down the words "Water Dragon Hidden": "The Chutian Swing is clear, and the water will go to autumn with the day. Seeing the mountains in the distance will only cause me sadness and resentment at the end of the country. These mountains are like a hairpin and a spiral coil on a woman's head. The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. I saw Wu Gou and photographed the railing. No one would. I was shocked. " Just look at Shangque and you will know that it is a sad autumn word. There is not only sadness, but also hatred. What worries me is that I have been frustrated repeatedly, and what annoys me is that my ambition is hard to pay. Empty mind with blood and talent to serve the country, but no one cares. This kind of work that connects the life experience of self-injury with the feelings of serving the country is naturally much larger than that confined to personal works.
Some people may ask: What will you do when you are cold and desolate and everything is dying? I will say: what a cool autumn! Or read a passage from Shelley's ode to the west wind. (Wang Jiren)