Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Author: Ma Zhiyuan (about1250-1324) Dongli, mostly from Beijing. When I was young, I was keen on becoming famous, but I was not proud of my career. Later he lived in seclusion in Hangzhou. Engaged in zaju work, and Guan Hanqing, Bai Renfu, and Zheng Guangzu were also called the four masters of Yuanqu. His representative works include "Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin" and "Lonely Goose in Autumn Palace". Its Sanqu is heroic and elegant, and is known as "the first in Yuan Dynasty". This song "Clear Sand". Qiu Si is the most famous. Yuan and Zhou Deqing's phonology of the Central Plains. The poem "Freeze" calls this song "the ancestor of Qiu Si". Wang Guowei commented on "The Tales of the World": "Liao Liao counted words and got the wonders of the Tang Dynasty. If you have a yuan and a pronoun, you can't do this. " Gu Qutan also praised it as "until now". "Ming people like to imitate this song best, but in the end it is not so natural, so I think it is beyond our reach."
& lt Clear sand. Qiu Si is one of the representative works of Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu. This poem has only five sentences and 28 words. Its language is extremely concise, but its capacity is huge. A few strokes outline a homesick picture of a wandering wanderer, which vividly conveys the voice of a wandering wanderer. It describes the autumn colors in Qiu Guang and people's moods and feelings. It dyes "thinking" with "autumn", reflects "autumn" with "thinking", and tightly buckles the word "thinking", implicitly and profoundly expressing the sadness, depression and unavoidable "heartbroken" feelings of "the world is reduced to people".
The first sentence, "A withered vine and an old tree are humming", vividly describes the scenery and environment in late autumn and late autumn dusk. In late autumn, everything is cold, the green vine is withered, and there are no yellow leaves. A crow crouched on an old tree with withered vines. In the silence of the evening, it made a few hoarse cries from time to time. The word "old" here not only refers to the age, branches and shape of trees, but also describes the bleak state of trees without leaves in autumn, thus revealing the feelings and experiences of heartbroken people at that time. The word "faint" of "faint crow" also has two meanings, one is dusk; The second is to describe the crow foraging for food for a day and being weak and listless at dusk. Fortunately, it has found a place to live, and its sleepy appearance is pitiful and sweet in the eyes of the wanderer. Because they still have a nest after all!
In the second sentence, when it was so heavy that it was almost hard to breathe, suddenly there appeared a "small bridge running water." I saw a small bridge. The water under the bridge was beautiful and gurgling. There were a few small houses at random, and the smoke curled up in the small houses seemed so peaceful and warm. All this brightened the vagrant's eyes, but soon they dimmed. His loneliness is so incompatible with this warmth, and what he expects and sees is exactly what he can't get! The "small" here is not the size of the bridge, but the "small" in visual image. Running water only writes about the movement of water but can't hear the sound of water, because the water is far away. In terms of composition, the movements of Running Water and Little Bridge are just the opposite, which are both dynamic and static, and the silent movement is more quiet. The word "somebody else" is used wonderfully. Because the distance is very far and it is dusk, the house and people are not clear. Only when the smoke from the kitchen chimney fills the air everywhere will tourists from all over the world be told that this is an inhabited house. This sentence is all seen with farsightedness, which not only expands the scenery, but also subtly conveys the feelings of wanderers living in their hometown. As a result, the picture of "the old road and the west wind are thin horses" appeared. On an ancient post road with long yellow dust and rustling autumn wind, a bony and exhausted horse walked slowly. An ancient road. People will immediately think that the road is tortuous and long. Throughout the ages, I don't know how many such "thin horses" have walked through this ancient road, ringing the strings in readers' hearts that lead to the distant past and resonate with the ancients. The word "thin horse" plays an important role in the whole song. It's just past when the grass is crisp in autumn and the warblers are flying. It is reasonable to say that horses should not be "thin", but the author compares horses with himself here and writes that horses help others and horses are getting thinner and thinner. It is hard for a horse to bear the pain of wandering away from home, and it is even harder for a thoughtful and emotional person to ride on its back.
There are landscapes on the ground in front, and then the author draws a "sunset" sky and draws a red sunset as a scene for the landscape on the ground. The afterglow of the sunset is easy to make people feel sad and sad. Just "going west" adds a layer of confusion. "Sunset", "Nightingale" and "West Wind" point out that time is pressing, and it is dusk, which is the season for wanderers to return home, but there are still "there are heartbroken people in the world!" Here and now, in this case, why not let the homeless feel sad? A "heartbroken" conveys the unspeakable feelings and pains of "Tianya reduced people" to the fullest.
It is with such a short ditty that Ma Zhiyuan expresses its indescribable connotation, vividly portrays the sad inner world of a wanderer and gives people a shocking artistic feeling.