Tang-Liu Yuxi
Willow and green Jiang Shuiping,
Smell the songs on the Langjiang River.
Sunrise in the east and rain in the west,
It's sunny on the road.
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Luoyang (now Henan) was born in Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei). He is a descendant of Xiongnu, and his seventh ancestor Liu Liang changed his surname after he moved to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen Wei. Father Liu Xu moved his family to Jiaxing (present-day Zhejiang) to avoid the Anshi Rebellion. Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, he was demoted to Langzhou Sima and Lianzhou Secretariat, and made a guest appearance as a prince in his later years. Some of his poems reflect the author's progressive thoughts. Poems such as Zhuzhici written by learning folk songs are fresh and lively, healthy and cheerful, and have a unique artistic conception. The language is concise and vivid, and the feelings are lingering. Representative works include Wuyi Lane, Autumn Poems, Zhuzhi Ci (VI), Langtaosha (I), Langtaosha (VIII), Yang Liuzhi (I), Old Times of Xipaotai Mountain, and The First Reward for Lotte in Yangzhou, among which bamboo. His collection of poems includes Liu Bin Ji.
[Notes]
Zhuzhici: It is a Bayu folk song, accompanied by flute and drum, and danced at the same time.
Sing: Say "Step". Singing, the southwest region, the most developed folk songs. The combination of men and women is often achieved through singing; Sing to express your feelings when you are in love. The beat is a folk song, and the foot is used as the beat when singing.
East Road is two sentences: semantic pun, "sunrise in the east" means "sunny" and "rain in the west" means "not sunny". "Sunny" and "affectionate" are homophonic, and "sunny" and "sunny" are the argots of "affectionate" and "heartless". On the surface, Dongju is a description of "sunny" and "sunny", but in fact it is a metaphor of "sentient" and "heartless". What the listener wants to express is that he can hear the singer's "deep affection" from the songs on that river. The last sentences "you" and "nothing" focus on "you".
[Poetry translation, poetry]
The willows by the river are green, with green branches hanging down, and the water surface is calm. Suddenly I heard a lover's voice singing on the river. The sun is shining in the east, but it is raining in the west. There is no sunny day, but there are still sunny places.
[Appreciation]
Zhuzhici is one of the folk songs of Bayu (now Chongqing in the east of Sichuan Province). When singing, accompany with flute and drum, and dance at the same time. The tone is touching. When Liu Yuxi was the secretariat of Kuizhou, he wrote more than a dozen poems according to the tune, which was one of the works imitating folk love songs. It is about the mood of a girl who is immersed in her first love. She loves someone, but she doesn't really understand their attitude, so she has both hope and doubt; I am both happy and worried. The poet successfully expressed this subtle and complicated psychology in his own tone.
The first sentence describes the scenery she saw before her eyes. Willow by the river, hanging green strips; The running water in the river is as flat as a mirror. This is a beautiful environment. The second sentence is about what she heard. In such a touching environment, she suddenly heard a song coming from the river. What a familiar voice it is! As soon as it reaches your ears, you will know who sang it. The third and fourth sentences are her psychological activities after hearing this familiar song. Although the girl liked this young man as early as in her heart, the other party has not expressed anything so far. Today, he came from the river and sang as he walked, as if he had some interest in himself. This gave her great comfort and encouragement, so she thought: This man is a bit like the uncertain weather in Huangmei season. It's sunny, it's raining in the west, it's raining again, and the east is still basking in the sun. It's a little unpredictable Here, "sunny" in sunny and rainy days is used to imply emotional "affection", "Tao is sunny", that is, "Tao is heartless and affectionate". Through these two extremely vivid and simple poems, her confusion, her attachment, her anxiety, her hope and her waiting are all portrayed.
This kind of expression based on the characteristics of Chinese pronunciation is common in folk love songs of past dynasties. They are homophonic puns and vivid metaphors based on positive association. They often use the familiar scenery to express their subtle feelings clearly and implicitly. For example, some wusheng songs in the Southern Dynasties used this kind of homophonic pun to express love. For example, "Midnight Song" said: "Be compassionate and affectionate, and move to a village. In front of Tongshusheng, I went in and out to see Wuzi. " (Huan was a woman's nickname for her lover at that time. Woods made a pun: My son, my man. ) and: "I am happy, and my behavior is prepared by love. The fog reveals the hibiscus, and the lotus is unclear. " Yes, the appearance is clear. Yu Yu, looked at it hesitantly. Lotus is also called lotus. See lotus, pun see pity. "Daughter Songs for Seven Nights": "Grace never ends in the evening. On the anniversary, silkworms don't make cocoons, but hang silk day and night. " I miss you very much because I will leave less and less. Suspension spring is a pun on thought. )
This kind of folk love song with homophonic pun to express feelings has a long history and is deeply loved by the people. Writers occasionally imitate it, which is novel, gratifying and attractive. This poem by Liu Yuxi is loved by readers, which is one of the reasons. (Shen Zufen)