Liu Changqing's "Poem Name of Shangyuan and Baoying" (Chronicle of Tang Poetry). Most of his poems are relegated to wandering feelings and leisurely landscapes. He is good at body-approaching, especially the five laws, and once called himself "the Great Wall of Five Words". The style is subtle and gentle, elegant and refined, close to Wang Meng.
There are also several poems reflecting the reality in his collection, such as "Mu Lengguan meets everyone in the north and goes to Yuyang". With a very concise poem, he wrote the desolate and carved scene after the Anshi Rebellion:
I met you on the way to Mulingguan, and you will go back to Sanchi alone. The green hills of Chu are still old, and the rest of the sun gives off a chill. After hundreds of urban wars, several old people are still on the earth. There are ruins everywhere, and you will cry while walking.
In addition, poems such as "Tired Soldiers" and "Send Li Zhongcheng to Xiangzhou", or write about soldiers who have been trapped in the frontier for a long time and cannot go home, or write about veterans who have been stopped from returning home, also feel the same way.
He wrote poems about seclusion in mountains and rivers and achieved great success. Writing landscapes and expressing feelings with poems with strict rhythm can make nature concise and fresh. Representative works such as "Looking for the Mountain Residence of Changshan People in Nanxi":
Walking along a path, there is a scar on the raspberry moss. After a while, the clouds fell low on the quiet lake, and the grass closed the lazy door. A pine tree that has become greener because of rain, a stream that originated from the mountain source. Mixed with truth, I have forgotten what to say.
He wrote in his poem that the quiet scenery he saw all the way to Nanxi Mountain was refreshing and quite tolerant. At the end, I wrote empty Zen, but my thoughts and feelings were negative. Another example is An Interview with Huangfuxiang in Bijian Villa:
The abandoned village has seen the sun again and fallen leaves are falling. There are no travelers in the ancient road, and Hanshan sees you alone. The wild bridge is broken by rain and the stream is divided into fields. Who will go to Baiyun without the same disease?
No one wants to come to this secluded villa. Huangfu waited on him, but he was satisfied without saying anything. His quatrain "Lord of the Lotus Mountain in the Snow" is also a masterpiece that has been passed down all the time:
The setting sun is far away, the weather is cold and the house is poor. Chai Men heard dogs barking and went home on a snowy night.
The scene seen by poor families staying in the mountains on a snowy night is portrayed in just a few words, which makes people feel subtle and cordial.
He also wrote some works that recalled the past and hurt the present. These poems are often combined with his own frustration of being relegated. For example, when passing through Jia Yi's home in Changsha:
Jia Yi lived here in exile for three years, which is a tragedy of tens of millions of generations. I look for traces of human existence in autumn grass and watch the sunset slowly tilt in the cold forest. Han Wendi is weak and weak, and Xiangjiang River water doesn't want to pay tribute, okay? Leaves fall in the lonely and lonely mountains. Poor you don't know why you are wandering in the world.
This is a metaphor for the past and a feeling for the present, which is very profound. In three or four sentences, the words and artistic conception of Jia Yi's Pengniao Fu are integrated into the scenery, especially the artistic skill.
However, his ideological life is relatively narrow, so his poetic realm lacks more changes. Gao Zhongwu's "Miracle between ZTE" said that his poems were "generally more than ten, with a little agreement", which hit home the artistic weakness of his poems.
Wei (737-790? ), Chang' an people. At the end of Tianbao, Sanweilang served Xuanzong and was unruly. Later, I repented and read. Yongtai was then Luoyang Cheng, transferred to Jingzhao Gongcao and other posts, served as the secretariat of Chuzhou and Jiangzhou in middle age, later transferred to Zuosi Langzhong, and Zhenyuan was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou at the beginning.
His life path is quite tortuous. His frantic life as a teenager was recalled when he wrote poems such as "Opening a Room for Yang" in his later years. After middle age, great changes have taken place in his thoughts and personality. Judging from most of his poems, his thoughts are progressive. Poems describing the Anshi Rebellion, such as Sui Yang Qing and Han Jing Gu Guan, are quite enlightening. In all his official positions, he strives to be an honest official and always cares about the sufferings of the people. He sighed at the people of Jingzhao: "How can a soldier be idle when he is fierce?" I am more sympathetic to the exile of Jiangzhou people: "The people of Sri Lanka are happy, but what is escape?" It's a pity that when you get old, you accumulate like a donkey. I went to the county for more than a month and finally got lost. ..... I don't want to fight, I want to caress it. "His attitude is particularly clear in two or three poems in Five Miscellaneous Poems:
The old house is full of birds and clothes, and the group number is dead. Twilight peeping room, ghost phase. People who live in seclusion can't sleep well, so they should fight and think at this time. Don't you refuse to fly with full meat without eagles and quiver? What a bird-chasing festival, raising lingyun Zikong. It makes no difference to serve meat alone.
Here, we not only reprimanded the treacherous court official who endangered the people, but also made bitter satires on those officials who were dereliction of duty when they were responsible for eliminating evil.
Luo Shuang Yuanyang spectrum in spring comes from a girl on a cold night. Heart essence smoke color, refers to the calendar thousand threads. There are countless rich people in Chang 'an. Only once can I dance in these 100 days. Do you think people who work hard will suffer?
Comparing the hard work of A Girl on a Cold Night with the luxury of a dancer, the idea of sympathy for the working people is more real. His Yuefu poems and jade picking trips describe the sufferings of working people who were forced by the government to pick jade in the deep mountains and forests. Xia Bing Ge described the hard work of ice sculptors. Chang 'an Avenue and Your Parade satirize the luxurious and enjoyable life of the rich and nobles. They are all works that Bai Juyi said were "beyond brilliance, quite close to irony" (Nine Books of Imperial Garden).
Wei has many pastoral poems. In the past, some critics called Tao and Wei together, while Wang, Meng, Wei and Liu all called it according to such poems. However, he is different from Wang and Meng after all. Due to the life experience of "I'm sick, I miss my home in the country, and many people are idle, so I'm ashamed to get paid" (To My Friends Li Dan and Yuan Xi), his pastoral poems are not only based on the idea of honesty and integrity, but also show concern for farmers' hard work. Such as "Guan Tian Jia":
A light rain brought new flowers, and a thunder began to wake up. Tian Jia was idle for a few days, and farming began. Dingzhuang is in the wild and the nursery is in charge. When I return to the scene, I often drink the water from Xixi. Hunger is not self-suffering, but joy. There is no overnight storage in the granary, and the corvee is still there. Being ashamed of not practicing, I ate it.
This is closer to the feelings of working people and has a stronger flavor of life than Wang Wei's "Wei Shui Peasant" and Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Village".
Wei's landscape poems, "elegant and carefree, unique" (Bai Juyi's "Nine Books with the Same Yuan"), use five ancient forms, such as a poem written to Chuanjiao Mountain, a Taoist hermit;
It's very cold in the county today, and I suddenly think of people who live in seclusion in the mountains. You must collect firewood at Jiandi and cook some poor food when you come back. I want to see you with a bottle of wine, so that you can get some comfort at night. But how can I find his footprints among the fallen leaves piled up on the bare hillside! ?
The content is far from reality, and the interest is too lonely. But in art, it is worth noting that there are characters in the poem and space in the words. Although it is not as simple and vigorous as Tao poetry, it can be tempered and close to nature. Another example is "Huai Shang sends Guangling relatives and friends for things":
The ship in front of us is already foggy, so treat each other who want to cross it. Autumn mountain rises at dusk, and it rains even the sea. The storm was full of thoughts, and Su He's face changed. Alone in the southeast, where is Guangling?
The feelings of missing relatives in ordinary official tours are fully expressed through the unique twilight on the river and the scenery of birds returning alone, which will never make people feel monotonous and monotonous. His five laws are also excellent, such as Zhu Liangchuan's Old Friend in Huaishang:
We used to be partners on the river and Han Shang, and every time we met, we would get drunk. Since we left each other, we drifted like clouds, and ten years passed like running water, until we finally got together again. The double smile is as good as before, but now the hair on our heads is a little gray. Why not go home, face the autumn mountain and sail along the Huaihe River? .
It is not only a strict five laws, but also as flexible and natural as running water. There are also some popular sayings in his landscape poems. For example, I don't know whether the spring grass grows on a rainy night (seclusion) is richer, fresher and full of commercial atmosphere than Xie Lingyun's Spring Grass grows in the pond. Others, such as "the shade gives birth to a quiet day, and the solitary flowers show more spring" (You Kaiyuan Jingshe), "The tree gives birth to a cool summer, and the floating clouds spit out musicians" (Tongde Temple sends flowers to Dr. Li after the rain), have different understandings in the observation of natural scenery. He is also famous for his four wonders in Xixi Chuzhou:
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
He not only described the scenery of barren hills and mountains in the spring rain, but also conveyed the frustration of travelers waiting to cross.