Hello, I am very happy to answer your questions:
1. "The garden is full of spring scenery and cannot be closed, and a branch of red apricot comes out of the wall" (Ye Shaoweng of the Song Dynasty, "Visiting the Garden Is Not Worth It")
"Red apricots coming out of the wall" is a directional movement that can put the stems and leaves of plants in the most suitable position for utilizing light energy, which is conducive to receiving sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis. The reason for tropism is that there is a hormone called auxin in plants, which can promote the elongation and growth of plant cells. Under the irradiation of unilateral light, auxin is more distributed on the backlight side than on the light side. In this way, the cells on the backlight side elongate longitudinally faster than the cells on the light side, which makes the stem grow toward the slower side. Curved on one side.
2. "The first to get the moon is the tower near the water, and the flowers and trees facing the sun come early to spring" ("Poems to Fan Zhongyan" by Su Lin of the Song Dynasty)
In the process of growth and development of plants, they must learn from the environment. A certain amount of calories is required to complete a certain stage of development, and the total amount of calories required for each developmental stage of a plant is a constant. Expressed by the formula: K=N·(T-T0) In the formula, K is the effective accumulated temperature (constant), N is the development period, that is, the time required for growth and development, T is the average temperature during the development period, and T0 is the starting point of biological development Temperature (biological zero). The reciprocal of development time N is the development rate. During the development period, due to sunlight, the temperature T of flowers and trees facing the sun is higher than that of the same kind of plants in the shade, so they will develop earlier.
3. "The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom" ("Peach Blossoms in Dalin Temple" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty)
This is also a problem of effective accumulation of temperature. Due to the high terrain, the temperature in the mountains is generally lower than that in the plains, so it takes longer for plants in the mountains to reach effective accumulated temperature and their development is slower.
4. "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers" (Qing Dynasty Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai")
In the ecosystem, the components that make up living organisms Chemical elements such as C, H, O, N, P, and S are constantly undergoing material cycles. After fallen flowers are decomposed by microorganisms, certain mineral elements return to the inorganic environment and can be reabsorbed and utilized by plants.
5. "Don't rush back when we meet, the yellow flowers and butterflies will be worried tomorrow" (Song Dynasty Su Shi's "Nine Days Rhyme Wang Gong")
Many plants have obvious blooming seasons. Sex, which belongs to the photoperiodic phenomenon of plants. Yellow flowers are chrysanthemums, which are short-day plants that bloom in autumn. Chrysanthemums use insects as the vector to spread pollen and are entomophilous flowers.
6. "Deliberately planting flowers will not bloom, but unintentionally planting willows to create shade" ("Zengguang Xianwen")
During the process of transplanting, some plants suffer damage to their root systems. Destroyed, the ability to absorb water is greatly weakened, and a large amount of water is lost through transpiration, so it is difficult to survive. Some plants, such as willows, have strong reproductive capabilities and can be reproduced asexually using stems.
7. "The flowers have faded to red, green and apricots are small. When the swallows return, people are surrounded by green water" ("Butterflies in Love with Flowers" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty)
Angiosperms generally bloom first and then As a result, when the "flowers fade to red", the fruit has just begun to develop, which is sexual reproduction.
8. "Crazy catkins dance with the wind, and light peach blossoms follow the water flow" ("Manxing" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty)
There are many ways to spread seeds, such as those of willows and other plants. The seeds are light and dispersed by wind.
9. "Under the southern mountain where beans are planted, the grass is rich and the bean seedlings are sparse" ("Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" by Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty)
In the farmland ecosystem, there is a gap between weeds and crops. The relationship is interspecific competition. Generally, crops cannot compete with weeds. If people neglect management, there will be a situation where "weeds are abundant" and bean sprouts are sparse.
10. "Who gets drunk in the frost forest at dawn? He always sheds tears when leaving." ("The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu of the Yuan Dynasty)
The author uses the metaphor of blushing after drinking. The red leaves of the maple trees are absolutely stunning.
Why do some people’s faces turn red after drinking alcohol? Experts analyze that this is because these people are born with a lack of an enzyme that cannot break down the acetaldehyde produced when alcohol enters the human body. Therefore, after drinking alcohol, the face becomes red and feels uncomfortable.
Plant leaves have a special pigment called anthocyanin, which turns red in acidic liquid. As the seasons change, the temperature and sunshine increase and decrease accordingly, and the main pigment components in the leaves also change. In autumn, the temperature drops and the light decreases, which is beneficial to the formation of anthocyanins. The leaf cell fluid of maple and other red-leaf tree species is acidic at this time, the chlorophyll content in the entire leaves decreases, and the carotenoid content changes significantly, so it appears red.
11. "Silver candles paint the screen in the cold autumn light, and small fans flutter at the flowing fireflies" (Du Mu's "Autumn Eve" of the Tang Dynasty)
Liuying are fireflies that come out to be active at night and can emit light. Fluorescence is related to the combined effect of special substances in fireflies. Fireflies contain luciferin, a special luminescent substance that is activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then oxidized by oxygen entering the body and enzymes in the body. This oxidation reaction leads to an excited state that results in light emission. The light is then reflected off the underlying layer of fat cells. The fluorescent light emitted by fireflies is not only a way of expressing communication, but also a sexual summons.
12. "The bright moon scares the magpies, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night" (Xin Qiji, "Xijiang Moon, Night Walk on the Yellow Sand Road" by Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty)
Animals respond favorably to external stimuli. The reaction of avoiding harm is a biological stress.
13. "Moths tend to be inflamed. They see fire but don't see me. They throw themselves angrily because I am afraid of the fire." ("The Moth" by Qin Yingyang of the Qing Dynasty)
Moths are active at night and have phototaxis, so there is a saying that "moths fly into the fire and destroy themselves".
14. "I have a fascination that I can't attract, and the whole world will be white when I sing a rooster" (Tang Dynasty Li He's "Wine Tour")
The rooster is particularly sensitive to light. Just that day When it shines, you can feel the light waves and announce the dawn.
15. "Two orioles sing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascend to the blue sky" (Du Fu's "Jiangnan Spring Quatrains" of the Tang Dynasty)
Animals of the same species will change due to foraging, defense, and reproduction. Living together for other reasons is a swarming phenomenon of animals.
16. "The red chicken is dazzled by the flowers, and its distance is like a sharp edge. I wish to show off the power of flames and fight in the Tang Dynasty" (Liu Zhen's "Cockfighting Poems" in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties)
The male hormones in the rooster's body make the rooster colorful, which helps it attract the opposite sex.
Animals of the same species sometimes fight over territory, food, mates, etc. This is an intraspecific struggle.
17. "The silkworm's silk will not run out until it dies, and its wax torch will turn to ashes before its tears dry up." (Untitled by Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty)
The spring silkworm does not die after "making a cocoon and binding itself" Pupation into a moth is a metamorphosis.
18. "The fragrance of rice flowers tells of a good year, and the sound of frogs sounds." (Xin Qiji, "Xijiang Moon, Night Walk on the Yellow Sand Road" by Song Dynasty)
In the farmland ecosystem, pests prey on crops, and frogs prey on pests. This is a food chain. Hearing the cheerful "singing" of frogs in the rice fields, it is said that "the fragrance of rice flowers means a good harvest."
19. "It is noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat drips from the soil" ("Compassion for the Farmers" by Li Shen of the Tang Dynasty)
In the farmland ecosystem, weeds are very competitive. Strong, so farmers have to hoe them off at noon to cause them to lose water and die, allowing more energy to flow into food crops. People dissipate excess body heat through sweating and other methods. The scorching sun is shining in the sky, and we are working hard. Of course, we will "sweat dripping from the soil".
20. "If you don't see me, the bright mirror in the high hall will be sad and white, and the morning will be like blue silk and snow will turn into snow at dusk." (Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "About to Enter the Wine")
Many people are extremely nervous, Sorrow, sadness and other reasons often cause a series of drastic changes in the body, resulting in serious endocrine disorders and the appearance of gray hair in a short period of time.
Generations are endless, the river and the moon are only similar year by year." These two poems contain the phenomenon of "growth and reproduction" of living things."Wildfires never burn out, but spring breezes blow again", which can illustrate "the resilience and stability of the ecosystem."
"The distant fragrance invades the ancient road, and the clear green meets the deserted city", which shows that "living things can both adapt to the environment and influence the environment."
In "It is noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat drops from the soil", "hoeing" has two functions: one is to loosen the soil, enhance the respiration of the root cells of crops, and promote the absorption of mineral ions by the roots. The second is to remove weeds, reduce competition between crops and weeds, and allow energy to flow to crops.
"The beauty of April in the world is over, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom." "The plum blossoms are full of joy in the snow, and it is not surprising that the flies are frozen to death." This illustrates the "influence of ecological factors on living things." Here, the impact on the ecology The physical factor of the system is temperature.
"One grain of millet is planted in spring and ten thousand grains are harvested in autumn", which illustrates the characteristics of reproduction of living things. At the same time, it also explains the "over-reproduction" problem in Darwin's theory of natural selection.
"The spring silkworm will not run out of silk until it dies, and the wax torch will turn to ashes before the tears dry up." It actually refers to the "metamorphosis development" of silkworms. The so-called death of silkworms here actually goes through the process of "larva → pupa" "This stage.
"Children chase yellow butterflies quickly, flying into cauliflower and finding nowhere", which shows that the body color of yellow butterflies is very similar to the environment. This phenomenon is called "protective color" in biology, and it is a long-term The result of natural selection.
"A little red among the green bushes" not only illustrates the "warning color" of organisms, but also illustrates the "gene mutation" problem of organisms.
"Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers", which thoroughly explains the characteristics of "ecosystem material cycle": recurrence and recycling.
"The fragrance of rice flowers means a good harvest, and you can hear the sound of frogs one by one." This vividly illustrates the relationship between protecting frogs and having a good harvest. Protecting frogs means protecting the natural enemies of pests.
, thus turning its color red.
"Boiling beans burns the bean basket, and the beans weep in the pot; they are originally from the same root, so why fry each other in a hurry" vividly illustrates the problem of intraspecific struggle in the struggle for biological survival.
"The garden is full of spring scenery, and a branch of red apricot comes out of the wall." "There are no catkins blown up by the wind, only sunflowers tilt toward the sun." This illustrates the phototropism of plants.
In addition, our country’s proverbs, sayings and allusions also contain a lot of biological common sense.
"If you sow melons, you will reap melons, and if you sow beans, you will reap beans" illustrates the phenomenon of inheritance; "One mother gives birth to nine sons, and even the mothers are ten different" illustrates the phenomenon of mutation.
"The mantis stalks the cicada, while the oriole follows" and "The big fish eats the small fish, the small fish eats the shrimp, and the shrimp eats the mud" all illustrate the food chain relationship of the ecosystem and can also explain the organisms in the food chain. There is a "prey" relationship between them.
“The poor mountains and rivers produce unruly people” to “green mountains and green waters are always spring”, which shows that the main factor affecting the ecosystem is the forest.
"The fight between snipe and clam" vividly illustrates one of the methods of neural regulation, "conditioned reflex".
"One mountain cannot accommodate two tigers" is explained from an ecological point of view as "tiger is at the highest trophic level and obtains less energy, so the number of individuals should be very small."