Third, it is conducive to improving Chinese quality. Listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities are the concrete embodiment of students' Chinese quality, but they are two ways to transmit and feedback information. Mr. Ye Shengtao once pointed out: "Speaking is the most basic of the four words, and the skills of speaking are similar, so listening, speaking and writing are easy." Zhang Zhigong, an educator, once said, "Language is first and foremost a matter of mouth and ears. Therefore, practicing your mouth and ears is the foundation. " He added: "In the past, language teaching often ignored the mouth and ears and only focused on the hands and eyes. This is the way to cut off the roots of plants and hope that they will bloom. At best, this is called inserting a bottle. It may open two flowers, but it won't open much or fast. " The improvement of oral ability is also conducive to the improvement and development of reading ability, writing ability, debating ability, adaptability and creativity.
Finally, it is beneficial to cultivate thinking ability. Language is the basis and means for people to exchange information, thoughts and feelings. Marx said that language is the direct reality of thinking, and the ancients said that "words are the heart", and its connotation also includes that language reflects people's sentiments and thinking. So this is the training of oral ability, which is conducive to improving students' thinking ability. The process of speaking is also the thinking process of the whole thought.
Five, the countermeasures to cultivate students' oral ability
1. First of all, we should raise students' awareness and cultivate their sense of participation. To evaluate students' oral communication ability, we should pay attention to students' participation consciousness and emotional attitude. Chinese teachers should strengthen their understanding and education of students. Teachers and students should jump out of the circle of examination methods and performance evaluation, understand and think about the role of speaking from the perspective of the development of the times and the lifelong needs of Chinese, help students adjust their psychology, cultivate their interest in speaking and participation consciousness, enhance their consciousness of speaking training and improve their self-confidence in speaking ability. Secondly, cultivate speaking habits: Putonghua training should be strengthened. Teachers should strictly ask students to read and answer questions in Putonghua in class, and combine the opportunity of "promoting Putonghua" in school after class to create an atmosphere of speaking Putonghua and guide students to think in Putonghua. We should also pay attention to students' sense of rhythm, clear articulation, concentrated content, clear organization, pause, gesture and pronunciation skills to improve students' expression ability. In addition, it should be noted that the evaluation must be carried out in specific communication situations, so that students can undertake practical communication tasks to reflect their real oral communication level. Creating simulated situations in teaching practice is an effective measure to guide students to use oral skills freely and independently, such as job recommendation, promotion speech, birthday congratulations, holiday speech, impromptu speech, discussion and debate, etc. Let students speak freely in relaxed and happy participation and exercise their abilities, such as intonation, courage, posture, brain adaptability and oral expression.
2. Make use of existing teaching materials to strengthen classroom training.
Classroom is the place where students acquire knowledge and improve their skills, where students are the theme and teachers and students get it together, and it is the main way of oral English training. All this must be done in the classroom under the guidance of the teacher. Only through students' own study and practice can they gain action experience. Therefore, the classroom is the key to cultivate students' oral communication ability. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "All skills can only be practiced in practice." Teachers should create an environment for students to speak, improve opportunities and guide comments through the main channel of classroom teaching, so as to achieve the training goal. "Listening and Speaking Training" occupies a certain proportion in the unit arrangement of junior middle school Chinese textbooks. Give full play to the role of audio-visual media, attach importance to the use of audio-visual teaching materials, create visual audio-visual situations, create a characteristic atmosphere, stimulate interest, and let students receive information in a comfortable and pleasant classroom, thus generating the desire to talk, which can be described as twice the result with half the effort.
First, read aloud and lay a good foundation for speaking: from the beginning of reading aloud, reading aloud is a written silent language.
An art of expression transformed into spoken language. It is the basic method to exercise oral communication ability. It is a comprehensive activity of eyes, brain, mouth and ears. Through reading training, students' abilities in pronunciation, expression, courage and eloquence can be cultivated, and students' oral ability can be cultivated by using written materials. Therefore, starting with reading is in line with the psychological law of middle school students' cognition and feelings, so it is necessary to pay attention to reading step by step, not overnight. In short, it can be expressed in three levels: accurate reading, expressive reading and fluent reading.
Second, retelling in a variety of ways to cultivate memory and understanding: reading does not necessarily mean speaking, and retelling refers to retelling what you read or listen to in your own language. In other words, the cognitive object is translated into language expression after being digested and understood. It is not a simple mechanical cognition, but a reflection of thinking activities, including screening, generalization and induction of content. It can be classified into three types: detailed retelling, general retelling and creative retelling. There are various forms of retelling, such as continuous retelling and character retelling. Retelling the text can guide students through angle change, person change, structure change and content expansion. And creative retelling); It not only helps students to understand, remember and recreate the text, but also helps to improve their oral expression ability. Pay attention to the retelling process, grasp the content and make clear the requirements, so as to organize the internal language.
Third, speech training, cultivate divergent thinking: Modern psychologists believe that the center of creative thinking is divergent thinking, which is a thinking mode with many possibilities to achieve a certain goal. It has the characteristics of fluidity, flexibility and uniqueness. Cultivating divergent thinking is mainly to teach students to consider problems from multiple angles and directions when learning text knowledge points, so as to obtain various ideas, schemes and results. Speaking (including telling stories) is this kind of entertaining training method. Teachers can ask students to speak according to the contents of textbooks or collect relevant information in combination with textbooks, or make extended speeches according to textbooks, which creates opportunities for students to exercise their eloquence and show their talents, and also enables students to develop their thinking in collecting and summarizing information. As Carnegie, a famous American orator, said, "Speaking impromptu to a group of people is actually just an extension of speaking impromptu to friends in the living room." If you practice this step, won't students move towards the realm of using spoken English freely and independently?
Fourth, class discussion, cultivate debate ability: Some people say that two moving stones can generate sparks after colliding with each other, and many stones collide with each other to produce a series of fierce chain reactions. Maybe this is the effect of class discussion. Teachers use key language to inspire students to explain their views and make comments to supplement others' views. If you discuss in groups of four, the training will be wider, which will not only help to cultivate the agility of thinking, but also help to cultivate students' ability to speak extemporaneously.
Fifth, reading and oral training cultivate imagination: imagination is the psychological process of the human brain to process and transform stored images and create new images. Imagination is a unique psychological activity of human beings. It is an important fulcrum to cultivate innovative thinking to skillfully guide students to develop rich imagination by using the scientific and technological factors of textbooks in Chinese teaching. Einstein once said that imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world, promotes progress and is the source of knowledge evolution. Sight-speaking training is a comprehensive training that integrates observation, imagination, creation, diction and sentence-making ability training. Students can use the illustrations of the text to tell the scenes experienced by people and individuals in their own words, thus training students' ability to describe events and scenes.
Sixth, oral composition, cultivate creativity: oral composition refers to describing ideas and things in oral form, explaining one thing and clarifying a truth without words. In training, we should pay attention to the combination of reading teaching, daily communication conversation and impromptu speech, so as to cultivate students' ability to organize language quickly with keen insight into things. In Chinese class, teachers can specify topics or materials, let students think for a few minutes, draw up a draft, be clear-headed and coherent, cultivate the ability of quick thinking and organizing writing, and gradually work hard in the direction of opening and writing.