[Edit this paragraph] Annotation translation
Xiu: Xiu: Speak. Tell your son. Some versions are meta: originally; It turns out. In the primary school textbooks of Hebei Education Publishing House, the word "original" should be "yuan". Kyushu: Ancient China was divided into nine states: Jizhou, Yan, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Youzhou and Yongzheng (). This represents China. Kyushu: reunification of the motherland: reunification. Julian Waghann: National army. Beiding: pacify the north. Family sacrifice: a ceremony to sacrifice ancestors at home. Naion: Your father; It also means old people. Nye: You, You Yuan: Original Order: Note: There is no "Wu" seal in the primary school textbooks of Hebei Education Publishing House. So the above is revised according to the primary school textbook of Hebei Education Publishing House. "I" knew that everything in the world had nothing to do with me when I died, and my only regret when I died was that I could not see the reunification of the motherland. Don't forget to tell your father about it when the army of the Southern Song Dynasty recaptured the northern Central Plains and sacrificed their ancestors at home.
[Edit this paragraph] Poetry appreciation
The first sentence is "everything is empty when you die." "Yuan Zhi", already know; "Everything is empty" means that everything can be attached after death. But then the meaning of the second sentence changed: "but I can't see the sad Kyushu", but I can't let go of one thing, that is, the lost land has not been recovered and I have not seen the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes. The third sentence of this poem, "Julian Waghann concentrated in the north", shows that although the poet is deeply distressed, he is not desperate. He firmly believed that one day the army of the Song Dynasty could pacify the Central Plains and recover lost territory. With this sentence, the mood of the poem changed from sadness to passion. At the end of the sentence, "I never forgot to tell you about the family sacrifice", my mood changed again. I have no choice but to see the day when the motherland is reunified when I am alive, so I have to pin my hopes on future generations. So I told my son affectionately, don't forget to tell him the good news of "Beiding Zhongyuan" when offering sacrifices at home. This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, deep, warm and sincere the patriotic passion of the poet is! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invaded or the motherland split, which caused countless people to praise it. This poem is full of twists and turns, which sincerely expresses the poet's complex thoughts and feelings at the end of his life, including endless resentment against the unfinished golden cause and firm belief that the sacred cause will be realized. The whole poem has a sad element, but the tone is passionate. The language of poetry is natural, without any carving, but it is a natural expression of true feelings, but it is more beautiful and moving than deliberately carved poetry.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Lu You (1125-1210), a native of Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He has always insisted on resisting gold, and has been rejected and hit by the establishment in his official career. In middle age, he went to Shu to resist Jin, and military life enriched his literary content. His works reveal great light and become an outstanding poet. The amount of words is not as large as that of poems, but it runs through the spirit of patriotism like poems. Lu You was born in an official family, with a poor family and hard work. Lu You's great-grandfather was Song Renzong's teacher Lu Yi, his grandfather Lu Dian and his father Lu Zai. At that time, it was the time when the Song Dynasty was corrupt and was repeatedly invaded by the Jin State (Jurchen nationality). In the second year after his birth, Jin Bing captured Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was a child, he and his family were moved from one place to another. Due to the influence of social and family environment, he was determined to kill Hu (Jin Bing ornaments) to save the country from childhood. Although the feudal family brought Lu You a good cultural influence, especially patriotic education, it also brought misfortune in marriage. At the age of 20, he married his cousin Tang Wan, and they had a deep affection. However, his mother didn't like Down and forced them to separate. Tang remarried, and Lu You also married Wang. After the divorce, Lu You was very sad. At the age of 365,438+0, when Shaoxing passed through Shenyuan for twenty-five years, he met Tang Wan and his wife. Lu You wrote the word "Chaitoufeng" on the wall of the Imperial Academy to show his deep affection. Since then, he has written poems to commemorate many times, and even wrote the famous love poem "Love" at the age of 75. Tang was heartbroken when he read Lu You's "Hairpin Phoenix". He wrote a poem about Hairpin Phoenix and died soon. Lu You's Twelve Years Poems, learning sword and art of war. At the age of 29, I went to Lin 'an Province to try, ranking first. The following year, Kao Li Department was ranked before the grandson of Qin Gui, the Lord commander and envoy, and because it did not forget the national humiliation, it demanded that "the rich should be given in advance, and the big businessmen should take care of it", which was rejected by Qin Gui. Ming died, Shaoxing was the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou in 28 years, and Shaoxing was the prefect in 30 years. Xiaozong succeeded to the throne and was given a Jinshi origin. Later, due to urging Zhang Jun to explore the Northern Expedition, his subordinates had differences with the generals. Coupled with the resistance of the Lord and the faction, the court immediately shook, and Lu You was also dismissed on the charge of "writing a protest and clamoring for right and wrong, such as Zhang Jun's use of troops". In six years, Kuizhou was sentenced. 1 172 (the eighth year of Dalu), the main battle general Wang Yan hired Lu You to take charge of military affairs in the shogunate, and Lu You's life changed a lot. Military life made him embrace each other and wrote many passionate patriotic poems. It can be said that "flying frost sweeps away the cold, and one inch of Dan Xin only serves the country" is a portrayal of his life and mood during this period. Although Lu You is full of sincerity to serve the country, his ambition to rejuvenate the country has never been continued because of the corruption of the imperial court, his desire for peace and his lack of enterprising spirit. 1 175 (two years), Fan Chengda invited Lu You to the DPRK, and served as the representative of Chengdu Road Pacification Department. Lu Yu, who is known for his friendship of poetry and prose, is often laughed at by his colleagues for not observing official etiquette. Because the ambition and personal fame of restoring the country can't last long, they often indulge in frivolous behavior and are accused by their colleagues as "not sticking to etiquette, relying on wine to let go." So Lu You simply called himself "Weng Fang" and laughed at himself in his poems. In the fifth year of Xichun, he raised Changping Tea Salt in Fujian Road. In the sixth year of Xichun, Jiangnan West Road was promoted. Cherish spring thirteen years, I know Yanzhou. In the fifteenth year of Xichun, he served as a military weapon less supervisor. After many promotions and demotions, he stayed in Yin Shan's hometown and countryside for more than 20 years after 1 190 (Guangzong Shao Xiyuan). At home, "eyes are bright and healthy, why not get old?" Because of his health-preserving skills, he was addicted to coix seed and fungus, and he was still alert and clear in his later years. During this period, although he still put forward the idea of resisting the enemy to the court, he was always criticized. Finally, he died at the age of 86 on 1209 (the second year of Jiading)1February 29 (lunar calendar 1265438+ AD 65438+1October 26). In the era of Lu You's life, Jin Guo, the northern minority regime, frequently waged wars against Song Dynasty. The poor and weak Song Dynasty lost a lot of land and was forced to move southward constantly, and the people lived in war and turmoil. As a teenager, Lu You had to flee with his family and suffered from being displaced from place to place. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front. As an outstanding poet, Lu You wrote more than 9,300 poems in his life. Most of these poems are related to fighting against invaders. Or describe the fiery life in the army, "naked, sleeping in first frost", or repose deep worries about the future and destiny of the motherland and the gloomy mood of serving the country with full blood. One of the characteristics of Lu You's poems is the heroism and sacrifice spirit of swallowing mountains and rivers. This has been fully reflected in his life's poems. It was not until he was 82 years old that he sang the poem "When he heard the drums, he could still win the country and Zhao Yan". The second feature of Lu's poems is his sharp satire and resolute struggle against capitulationists. In addition, he lamented his unfulfilled ambition and pinned his hopes on the ideal realm, such as Mourning for the Past, Qiu Si, Occasional Occasional Occasional Occasional Occasion at the Bedside, The Storm of November 4th, etc. In addition, he also has many poems praising a better life, such as "There is no way to answer doubts after mountains and heavy waters" ("Visit to Shanxi Village") and "Small building listens to the spring rain all night, and apricot flowers are sold in the open alley" ("The First Day of Spring Rain in Lin 'an"). The basic feature of Lu's poems is realism. In the way of expression, he generally does not directly describe objective things, but expresses his personal subjective feelings, so his poems are general and lyrical. On the basis of realism, Lu's poems are also full of romantic sentiment. This is mainly manifested in the magnificent imagination of the poet when he pursues the ideal of rejuvenating the country. His imagination is mainly aimed at the golden war, including the battle position, the great defeat of the enemy and the revival of the court. Exaggeration is also a factor that constitutes the romantic characteristics of Lu's poems. For example, poems such as "I'm still in a restless mood and my sword is ringing at the bedside" ("Drunk on the 17th of March") and "A hundred thousand soldiers are overwhelmed by wine and songs in the tipping bucket" ("Heavy Snow on Yiyang Road") are closely related to the tragic and unrestrained style of Lu's poems. The language of Lu's poems is not whitewashed or unfamiliar, but pursues clarity, naturalness and refinement. Show that my son wrote it before he died.