10 Extracurricular ancient poetry and appreciation don't need about 300 words in Chinese textbooks.

Li Bai, who is very popular in the north, lives in an unpopular house in Candle dragon. According to the sun and the moon, only the north wind is angry from the sky. Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces fall on XuanYuanTai. In December, you miss your wife, stop singing and laugh. It's sad to miss the Great Wall. Don't mention the sword to save the edge, leave this tiger with a golden shovel and a white feather. It was burnt to ashes. The Yellow River can solidify the soil, but the north wind, rain and snow are difficult to cut. This is a Yuefu poem. Wang Qi's note: "Bao Zhao has a poem" Northern Customs ",which hurts the north wind, rain and snow, and pedestrians don't return." (Complete Works of Li Taibai) Li Bai's Yuefu poems are not satisfied with imitation, but can boldly create and innovate, and are praised as "being good at strangeness in ancient and modern times" or refining and deepening the original works, casting new profound themes. What is popular in the north belongs to the latter category. From the general theme of "rain and snow hurt the north wind, pedestrians don't return", a new theme of accusing war crimes and sympathizing with people's suffering is excavated, which gives it much deeper ideological significance than the original work. This poem takes care of the topic first and suffers from the cold in the north. Sometimes, such a beginning has nothing to do with the theme, just for fun. But this song "Popular in the North" is slightly different. It focuses on rendering the rain and snow in the north wind, not only for fun, but also for lyricism and theme contrast. Li Bai is a romantic poet who often uses myths and legends. "Candle dragon lives in poverty, but still shines brightly", which is a reference to the "Official Training of Huainan Zibo" in which the man of God has a dragon face and no feet. "Gao:" The dragon holds a candle according to the lunar calendar, covering thousands of miles, which is regarded as day, night, winter and summer. "The meaning of these two poems is that Candle dragon lives in the far north, where there is no sunshine all year round, and only the sigh of Candle dragon distinguishes day and night from the four seasons. Candle dragon holds a candle instead of the sun. However, under the association of readers, the quiet realm it shows has become a real and sensible artistic image. On this basis, the author further describes the scene that can show the characteristics of winter in the north: "The sun and the moon are not like this, only the north wind blows from the sky. Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and the weather is extremely magnificent. There is no sun and moon, which not only inherits the first two sentences, but also sets off "only the north wind" It emphasizes the cold climate. " Anger "describes the wind, and" falling from the sky "describes the wind, which is extremely harsh in the north wind. The description of snow is even more impressive, imaginative and wonderful, and it is worthy of being a famous sentence that has been told through the ages. The artistic image of poetry is the unity of the poet's subjective feelings and objective things. Li Bai is imaginative, passionate and unrestrained, so ordinary things happen to him. Beyond. This is a feature of romanticism in his poems. Fortunately, these two poems are not only about scenery, but also about feelings. Li Bai also has two other poems: "There are thousands of snowflakes in Yaotai, and the spring breeze blows down one by one. "Both of them write about snow, with exaggerated techniques, and even the same sentence patterns, but they arouse completely different feelings in the readers' hearts. A feeling that evokes a strong spring. Exaggerate the evil spirits of winter. Different artistic effects are due to the author's different feelings. These two poems point out "Yanshan Mountain" and "Xuanyuantai", which from the beginning refers to the vast area in northern China to the Youzhou area, which leads to the following "Thoughts of Youzhou Women". The author uses a series of actions such as "stopping singing", "laughing", "being destroyed by two moths" and "leaning against the door to watch pedestrians" to describe it. From the bitter and cold scene here and now, I am worried about my husband who is far away from the Great Wall. There is no specific description of the Great Wall here, but the sentence "I miss you, the Great Wall is bitter and cold, so sad" can make people feel that the Great Wall must be more bitter and cold than Youzhou, which makes homesick women particularly worried. The bitter cold in Youzhou was written to the extreme by the author, so the cold of the Great Wall is self-evident. The previous writing scene has laid the groundwork for the narrative lyric here. You can also see the author's cutting skills here. "Don't raise the sword to save the blade, leave this tiger and gold shovel" and "shovel" are bags for holding arrows. These two sentences are about missing women and worrying about their husbands, but there is a long way to go, so we have to express our feelings and relieve our troubles with an arrow bag decorated with tiger patterns left by our husbands. The white arrow is covered with cobwebs and dust. It's already depressing to look at people and things. What's more, it seems that "the arrow is not empty, and people will never come again if they die today", and things are transformed and the pain is doubled. "I can't bear to see this thing, but it will burn to ashes", which vividly depicts a thinking woman turning all kinds of sadness, worry and suspense into extremely painful despair. The poem seems to end here, but the north wind, rain and snow hate it hard to cut. " The Yellow River holds the soil is a classic, which can be found in Zhufu Biography in the later Han Dynasty: "People who are still on the riverside hold the soil and jam it, but I don't know how many", which means that the Jin Meng ferry on the Yellow River can't be jammed, so neither can the surging Yellow River, which is "gone into the ocean forever". What is said here is that even if the Yellow River is full of soil, it is difficult to avenge the wife. More importantly, scenery and emotion blend together harmoniously, making it almost impossible to tell which is scenery and which is lyrical. The sadness and resentment of a homesick woman are like endless rain and snow in the north wind. It's really "and this endless sadness will last forever"! At the end, these two poems are like a volcano spewing lava and a river breaking through a dam, which has a strong shock. This poem successfully uses exaggeration. Lu Xun said in the article "Talking about Comics": "The snowflakes in Yanshan are as big as seats", which is exaggerated, but Yanshan is a little frank, so we can know at once that Yanshan is so cold. If we say "Guangzhou snowflakes are as big as seats", it will become a joke. " Only exaggeration on the basis of truth has vitality. Ye Xie's "The Original Poetry" also said that exaggeration is "nothing can happen, but it is the language of affection". In the poem, "Snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as seats" and "The Yellow River can be stuffed with soil" are all things that can never happen in life, but what readers feel from it is the author's strong and true feelings, although it can never happen. It's natural and smooth, with no chisel marks. No wonder Hu Yinglin said that Li Bai's Yuefu poems were farewell pavilions. Author: Xu Hun Year: Tang School: Four-line Style Category: nameless brother, a twisted boat, red leaves and green mountains and rivers. At dusk, people wake up and it is raining all over the sky. Appreciate this poem written by Xu Hun after seeing his friends off in Xuancheng. Thanks to Xie Tiao, a poet from Southern Qi Dynasty, who built it when Xuancheng was a magistrate. He once bid farewell to his good friend Fan Li here, and later Xie Ting became a famous farewell place in Xuancheng. Li Bai's poem Xie Gongting said: "When Xie Ting left, the scenery was full of sadness. The guests scattered the blue sky and the bright moon, and the mountains and rivers flowed. " Repeated parting also stained the beautiful scenery of Xie Ting with a layer of sadness. The first sentence says that friends leave by boat. In ancient times, there was singing. It is also a famous farewell place) and later became synonymous with farewell songs. A brother's song, a boat trip, wrote a hasty and helpless scene atmosphere from the eyes of the farewell. The second sentence is about the river scenery that friends saw after they set off by boat. It is already late autumn, with green hills on both sides, frost forests everywhere, red leaves and red maple, reflecting a green autumn water. In fact, the former is only a powerful contrast to the latter. The more beautiful the scenery, the more lovely it is to get together and the more embarrassing it is to leave. On the contrary, the great Qiu Guang has become a factor that adds sadness and hatred. Jiang Yan said goodbye: "Spring grass is green, spring water is green, and you send it to Nanpu. What's the harm! " The beautiful spring scenery sets off the sadness of parting, which is exactly the same as Wang Fuzhi's artistic dialectics: "Write sadness with joy, take sorrow as a pleasure, and take sorrow as a pleasure" (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua). This sentence is not directly written about a friend boating. But through the description of "rapids", the speed of rowing can be imagined. The poet's sight of the boat rowing across the bank of the red leaves in Qingshan is also in sight. The word "urgent" secretly reveals the psychological state of the people who saw him off, and also makes the artistic conception expressed in the whole poem feel a little sad and anxious. This is consistent with the poet's discordant and carefree mood at that time. There is a long time interval between the beginning and the end of this poem. After my friends left by boat, I took a nap in the same place instead. I drank a little wine before, and I was a little drunk. After my friend left, I fell asleep in a bad mood. When I woke up, it was already dusk. The weather changed and it began to rain. I looked around in a daze. In front of this river, the green hills and red leaves on both sides are shrouded in fog and heavy dusk. Where is my friend's boat? At the moment, I don't even know where I went with the rapids. The dusk is boundless, the wind and rain are misty, and the sadness after waking up seems to be the disappointment and emptiness I feel when I recall other scenes, which makes the poet feel particularly sad and lonely at the moment. He feels unbearable to be surrounded by this environmental atmosphere, so he silently walks down from the west wing shrouded in wind and rain alone. In ancient poetry, "Nanpu" and "West Building" often refer to places of farewell. The third sentence is lonely when you are awake after you leave, but the fourth sentence does not directly express your sadness, but opens the scene. However, because the unique gloomy and confused color of this scene accords with the poet's mood at that time, readers can feel the poet's desolation and sadness from it. In this way, you can use the scenery to express your feelings and end the scene. Moreover, it makes the ending have an emotional charm. The two couplets before and after this poem are composed of two scenes with different time and color. The first couplet is set off by the bright and beautiful scenery of green hills and red leaves, and the second couplet is set off by the bleak scenery of wind and rain, and the brushwork is full of changes. However, one or three sentences respectively point out that the ship is far away from people, and two or four sentences are pure scenery rendering, which makes the whole article different and similar.