Knowledge and ability:
1. Guide the students to read the words correctly and understand the main idea through repeated reading.
2. Guide students to read, extract key sentences, and clarify the idea of the article.
3. Guide students to understand the sincere feelings expressed by the author's sincere words and the lyrical color of the style of Table.
Process and method:
1. Explain the background and dredge the combination of text and meaning.
2. Watch it again and again.
3. Set key questions and explore them in groups.
Emotional attitudes and values:
By analyzing the text and background knowledge of the article, we can understand Zhuge Liang's sense of contradiction and anxiety in Liezi, and thus understand his spirit of "doing my best until I die".
Second, the difficulties in teaching
Teaching focus:
1. Read repeatedly, accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and understand the content of the article.
2. Experience the sincere and heavy feelings expressed by the author's sincere words.
Teaching difficulties:
By analyzing the words and sentences in the article, we can understand Zhuge Liang's "difficulty" and thus understand his spirit of "doing my best until I die".
Third, teaching strategies
As a masterpiece, Teacher's Watch should not only define words, but also understand Zhuge Liang's thoughts and feelings from repeated reading of the original sentence. Students who have read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms or watched TV plays should know something about Zhuge Liang's wisdom, but they may not be able to understand his noble moral character of "devoting all their efforts to death" and the values of "a scholar dies for a confidant".
This course mainly adopts reading aloud, reading appreciation and evaluation. , and appreciate the text of the "model", in addition to supplementing relevant background knowledge, combing the content in detail. Through reading aloud, we can understand the sincerity, persuasion and difficulty of Zhuge Liang's words, so as to understand the inner world of the characters and strive to produce a more three-dimensional sense of literature. This course should focus on broadening students' reading horizons of classical Chinese, fully mobilizing students' enthusiasm and giving full play to students' main role.
1. Students' understanding of the text content is completed through repeated reading.
2. Self-study, asking questions about key classical Chinese words encountered in self-study, and solving them through communication among students, teachers and students. Teachers give guidance on learning methods when teaching.
3. In text interpretation, teachers supplement relevant background knowledge to stimulate students' understanding of classical Chinese materials and cultivate students' ability to see problems from the perspective of contact.
Fourth, the teaching process
1. preview homework: copy the "teacher's list" word by word, read the material and form a translation with your own understanding, and ask questions about the definition of words; Comment on the last sentence of the article: "Now stay away from it, you will cry, and you don't know what to say." What did Zhuge Liang say? Why did he cry at the end of his writing? What kind of emotion is this?
2. Remind students to correctly read the pronunciation of key classical Chinese words in class and mark them in the book:
○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○96
When you call a spade a spade, you should show (zhāng) your fault (ji?) and punish (zāng pǐ).
Collapse (cú) stone (Shi) Wei? Consultation (z not u)? You Guo (not you)? Escape (yι) and night (si).
(A) situational import
Lead: Today, let's learn the model. When previewing this text, the students asked: Why did Zhuge Liang say at the end of the model book, "You should stay away from it now, but you are crying and don't know what to say?" Today, we will focus on understanding this sentence.
Show the courseware "Now stay away from it, cry when you are near, I don't know what to say."
The design intention is to lead to the interpretation of key sentences and stimulate students' thinking on the basis of previewing the translation.
(B) perceptual learning
1. Read the text silently (1 ~ 5 paragraph). What did Zhuge Liang "say"?
Answer the questions and arrange the meaning of the text. Teachers should carry out the key points of combining words with blackboard writing in time.
Teachers guide students: extract the original sentence from the text, make the main content of Zhuge Liang clear, and the language should be concise and clear.
Key points: it is appropriate to hold a holy meeting; Zhao's reasons; I am informed of the matters in the palace; Things in the camp, informed to consult; A good minister is a villain.
Please further summarize these opinions and think: Where did Zhuge Liang's suggestion come from? Which is the most critical? Why?
Clear: Three suggestions: 1. Open your mind; 2. Fair rewards and punishments; 3. I am close to the sage. The most important thing is to stay close to sages and stay away from them. Because Liu Chan is a rather fatuous monarch, he is easily bewitched by the courtiers around him. If he doesn't get close to his sages, there will be situations such as "belittling himself, misquoting", "bending the law, being different at home and abroad", and even the best principles and policies can't be implemented. Among them, "pro-sainthood" is more important, and "listening to saints" is not only to listen to the slanders of the villains around, but also to "believe in pro-sainthood", "seek good words and keep elegant words" for the sage, all in order to enlighten Liu Chan to "pro-sainthood".
3. Give the concept of "table" and explain the background of the article.
In view of the above summary, why did Zhuge Liang cry?
The design intention guides students to perceive Zhuge Liang's feelings as a whole.
(3) content exploration
Teachers show the designed questions and guide the discussion in groups and classes.
Reread the text, contact and supplement the background materials, think, discuss and communicate.
1. Analyze the original sentence: The first emperor did not start a business halfway, but the middle road collapsed. (the meaning behind the middle way and the middle way)
2. Analysis of the original sentence: Yizhou is exhausted, which is a dangerous autumn. Under what background can we see the situation of fatigue and crisis? )
Supplementary background materials:
In 207 AD, Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi established Wei; In 22 1 year, Liu Bei founded the Han dynasty; In 222 AD, Sun Quan built Wu. Formed a tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
In 222 AD, in order to avenge the killing of Guan Yu, Liu Bei fought Wu in Xiaoting (that is, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms burned the camp for three hundred miles) despite the dissuasion of Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun, and suffered heavy losses. Defeated by Baidicheng, he died the following year. Wu captured most of Jingzhou.
The situation in the three countries at that time:
Yizhou strongmen and southern barbarians launched a rebellion.
Wei firmly controls the Yellow River Basin in the Central Plains and has obvious advantages in politics, military and economy.
Wu controls the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and has strong economic strength.
3. Follow-up: In this critical situation, can we not start the Northern Expedition?
To the background material: Bai Di entrust an orphan.
Liu Bei: "I am proud to be the prime minister. I became the emperor. When can I be ignorant? If I don't accept the Prime Minister, I will bring my own failure. I have no face to go back to Chengdu to meet the Prime Minister. I am critically ill today, so I have to ask the Prime Minister to entrust me with a heavy responsibility. "
Liu Bei: "Birds will die, and their songs will be sad;" When people are dying, their words are very good. "I was supposed to be equal to the Qing Dynasty destroying cao thief and * * helping the Han Dynasty. Unfortunately, I didn't agree with the opinions of Qing and others."
Liu Bei: "If you are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. "
Zhuge Liang: "I dare to do my best, be loyal, and then die."
Liu Bei (to Liu Chan): "You work with the Prime Minister like a father."
Liu Bei's will: don't do it with small evils, don't do it with small goodness. Only virtue and virtue can serve others.
Therefore, it is important to send ministers to collapse. Ever since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment will not work and hurt the understanding of my late emperor.
Summary: The above content and background can be summarized as "difficulty in getting started".
4. It is difficult for Zhuge Liang to persuade.
As we analyzed earlier, Shu Han was in a state of exhaustion in Yizhou, but it was also the case that the first emperor entrusted orphans. As soon as the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Once you get rich, whether you can defeat Wei or not, the stability of the base camp is enough to worry Zhuge Liang, so remind Zhuge Liang repeatedly before you get rich. How anxious and embarrassed Zhuge Liang is at this moment!
Summary: The above content can be summarized as "the difficulty of remonstrating", and combined with the "the difficulty of starting school" in front, it is not difficult to understand why Zhuge Liang "cried" at the other end of the table. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Yingming and SHEN WOO approached the demon, but in the teacher's watch, we saw a man who was flesh and blood, struggling in a difficult situation, but devoted himself to death, instead of a god who lost his feathers with a wave of his hand.
5. Reread the text with the feelings of the author Zhuge Liang.
The design is intended to enable students to better analyze Zhuge Liang's emotions and learn to summarize the characters' personality characteristics with concise words. Guide students to get in touch with the core parts of the article, such as the lofty moral character of "do your best, die before you die" and the values of "a scholar dies for a confidant".
(4) Summary
Summary of writing characteristics: The main feature of this article is the combination of discussion, narration and lyricism, which is worth learning.
Conclusion: When the latecomers look at the teacher's watch, they sigh, sigh or think silently. Among them are Yue Fei, Du Fu, Lu You and Wen Tianxiang. They read the model as if they were solemnly summoned. Inspired by his integrity, excited by his loyalty and purified by his indifferent ambition, let's read it together and recite it with these people and your understanding of Zhuge Liang's model. (Courseware display: Yue Fei's calligraphy "One Mold" and poems by Du Fu, Lu You and Wen Tianxiang)
The design aims to guide students to better grasp the writing characteristics of this article and feel the influence of example and Zhuge Liang spirit on future generations.
(5) Transfer
Read and annotate Liang Heng's "Wuhou Temple: 1500 Years of Meditation". (Selected from "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standard Experimental Textbook-Chinese Self-reading Textbook" by People's Education Publishing House, Volume II, Grade 7)
The design intention is to further understand the image of Zhuge Liang through the process of reading, thinking and annotation, and to cultivate the ability of independent reading, summarizing the main points and expounding opinions.