Firstly, the landscape description techniques such as near and far elevation, audio-visual, smell and touch, dynamic and static, virtual and real, line drawing and detail description are introduced.
The combination of the virtual and the real is also called the combination of the virtual and the real, and the virtual is true, and the situation moves with the situation, and the situation lives with the situation. "Reality" is the immediate landscape, while "emptiness" is the imaginary landscape. For example, Gao Shi's "Listen to the Flute on the Bunker": "Snow horses are still grazing in the lake field, and the flute is guarding the building in the moonlight. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. " The third poem is "Plum Blossom Fall", which constitutes a virtual scene, as if the flute blown by the wind turned into flowers all over the floor. The scene is virtual and real, audio-visual communication, and it fits with the real snowy moon scene, forming a wonderful and broad artistic conception, so that homesickness is not hurt.
Line drawing is the professional name of Chinese painting. Sketch objects with ink lines, without color painting, but also with slight ink rendering. More refers to figures and flower paintings, and also refers to a kind of expression in literary creation, that is, using concise pen and ink, without contrast, to portray a vivid and vivid image. For example, in the northern dynasty folk song Chilechuan, "the sky is grey, the wild is vast, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low." In Tianjingsha Qiu Si, there are "old vines, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, thin horses in the old road". In Wen's "Walking on the Good Morning", "the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the barren bridge" all express rich emotions with the least words.
Secondly, there are common rhetorical devices, such as metaphor, personification, comparison, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, rhetorical questions, allusions and puns. I won't repeat what you are familiar with. Here, I will focus on intertextuality, allusions and metaphors.
Intertextuality refers to a special rhetorical device in ancient Chinese. In order to achieve the requirements of brevity, implication and conciseness, only one of the two things appears in the context, and the other is omitted, such as "the morning glory is far away, and the beautiful river is full of Chinese women" in 19 ancient poems; Du Fu's "Meeting on the River" is "common in Qi Wang's family and heard in the first few times of Cui"; I, the master, dismounted and my guest boarded Bai Juyi's boat with the sound of his pipa.
Using allusions is also called using things, and it can also be understood as borrowing the ancient to satirize the present. It is mostly because the author applies myths and legends, ancient events and famous sayings with warning function to his own poems to bring forth the old and bring forth the new and express his views on the world and the world. That is, what we usually call "new wine in old bottles" naturally has a different taste. For example, in Wang Anshi's Nostalgia for the Mausoleum of Xiang Jin, Gui Zhi, "The merchant girl still sings, and the backyard is a legacy" is used in the sentence of "The merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but still sings" the flowers in the backyard "crossing the river" in Bo Qinhuai written by Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty.
Bixing was first used in The Book of Songs. "Comparison, comparing one thing with another" is usually called metaphor and analogy. "If you are excited, say something else first to arouse the words you are chanting." . It is commonly called "rising" and "rising". For example, Si Kongshu's "When Lu Lun Night Comes": "Raindrops hit yellow leaves, and lights shine on hoary heads." The combination of the two means that the yellow leaves swaying in the wind and rain are used to compare the bleak white-headed people under the lonely lamp, which sets off a sad atmosphere. The author wrote "Huang Shu Ye" for the sake of "Xing", which led to the following "white-headed man".
Finally, the scene relationship, that is, the emotional expression related to lyrics writing. Generally speaking, there are some techniques, such as borrowing scenes to express feelings, embedding feelings in scenes, blending scenes, touching scenes to create feelings, setting music scenes against sadness or music scenes against sadness, scene contrast, empathy for things, contrast rendering and so on.
Contrast refers to making the object to be expressed clear through profile description. Contour description is to express the main object through the description of the environment. Wei's farewell to Li Zhou in the rainy night was used as a foil in the 200 1 college entrance examination. Although couplets and necklaces do not directly write rain, the use of contrast techniques makes us feel that it is drizzle falling on sails, feathers, the sky and trees. Another example is the phrase "The East Boat is quiet in the west, and the white autumn moon enters the heart of the river" in Pipa, which sets off the charm of music with environmental description and leaves readers with a broad aftertaste.
Rendering is a traditional technique of Chinese painting, which usually emphasizes rendering in some places to make a certain aspect of the picture more prominent. Used in artistic creation to express positive and intentional description. For example, Zhao Shixiu's Passer-by: "It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. If you don't come at midnight, knock off the chess pieces and die. " In the poem, "it rains at home" and "frogs everywhere" render an atmosphere, which sets off the depth and silence of the night.
Contrast is to use the opposite conditions of things to set off a thing, such as Du Fu's "Two quatrains": "The birds in the river are too white, and the blue and white mountains burn. See you again this spring, when is the year of returning home? " The scenery of This Spring is not beautiful, but Seeing Passing contains the passage of time and a long return period. Far spring scenery not only can't arouse the interest of playing, but also evokes the sadness of wandering. The whole poem sets off sadness with music scenes, and writes the beauty of spring scenery, which can better reflect the urgency of returning home and the depth of homesickness.
It is a skill to compose poems by scenery, and it is also one of the ways to express feelings by scenery. It means that a poem ends with scenery rather than feelings in the process of discussing or expressing feelings, which can make readers gallop through the description of scenery and appreciate the artistic conception of the poem, and produce an artistic effect with infinite charm. For example, Wang Changling's "Joining the Army" says: "Pipa dances with new sounds, and always leaves old feelings behind. I can't stop listening to chaos, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. "
Empathy for things is one of the common expressions in China's classical poems, also known as antithesis, and it is a writing method in "subject-object shift". It is clearly what the protagonist did to the other side, but the author does not directly describe it, but writes from the other side's point of view, expressing his deep affection in a graceful and implicit way. For example, Rong Yu's "Moving Home to the Pavilion on the Lake": "Good is the pavilion on the lake in the spring breeze, and wicker vines are separated. Huang Wei has known each other for a long time and wants to stop crying four or five times. "