During the Southern Dynasties, Jingchu always paid tribute to Hebi at the beginning of the Lunar New Year, followed by Jiaobai wine, peach soup, Tu Su wine and gum enamel (T? n？ ), five spicy dishes, powder, ghost pills, and one egg each. There are drinks, food and medicines, all of which have their own special meanings. Let's start with the introduction of drinks.
Jiaobai liquor appeared in the four-person monthly order in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Pepper is Chinese prickly ash. The ancients said that pepper is the essence of jade star, with fragrant smell, which makes people light and anti-aging. Cypress is a cypress leaf, which is regarded as an elixir by the ancients and can avoid all diseases. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and cypress can be soaked in wine separately, or they can be put into wine together for drinking. Drinking pepper and cypress wine can cure diseases and prolong life. Ancient poetry left us a record of drinking pepper and cypress wine on the first day of the New Year. Yu Xin in the Southern Dynasties wrote "Zheng Dan Monti Wine": "Zheng Dan will brew evil wine, and the new year will bring you a long life cup. The cypress leaves come with the inscription, and the pepper flowers come one by one. " It depicts the joy of being rewarded with pepper and cypress wine on New Year's Day. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Pingyi's poem "Dedicating Bones to Yuan Guan" expressed his wish to serve the emperor for a long and healthy life with the phrase "I wish to live a long life with cypress leaves". Drinking pepper and cypress wine has spread among the people so far, and it has been practiced in Licheng, Shandong Province and Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty.
Peach soup. That is, take the leaves, branches and stems of peaches and boil them for drinking. The ancients took peach as the essence of the five elements, which can resist evil spirits and control hundreds of ghosts, so they drank it.
Tu Su wine. Don Han E, Hua? "Into Tu Su" records: "It is said that Tu Su is the name of this monastery. Once upon a time, someone lived in a grass temple. Every year except at night, they leave a patch in the well, let the bag soak in the well, take water on January, put it in a bottle, and drink it for the whole family to avoid catching the plague. Today, people have their own ways and don't know their names, but they are just Tu Su. " In his other book "Four Seasons", Han E also disclosed the recipe of Tu Su wine to prevent plague: rhubarb, pepper, platycodon grandiflorum, cinnamon, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Atractylodes macrocephala, Polygonum cuspidatum and aconite. He said that he would cut the above eight flavors into pieces, put them in a crimson bag and put them in a well on New Year's Eve. The first morning, I took it out and soaked it in wine. The whole family took turns drinking a little and grew up without getting sick for a year. Han's and E's accounts are all based on folklore, which is very mysterious, but the eight herbs listed mainly have the functions of clearing away heat and expelling wind, invigorating the spleen and removing dampness, which can be said to be beneficial and harmless to the body. Drinking pepper and Tu Su in the first month is the order of young drinkers. Wei Dongxun's "Question and Answer Theory" explains: the younger one grows up by one year to show congratulations; The old man later gave wine because he was one year older. The drinking order mentioned by South Korea and Hubei is based on this ancient tradition. Drinking Tu Su wine has also spread to later generations. During the Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty (1628 ~ 1644), the county annals of Changshu, Jiangsu Province said "the meaning of learning Tu Su wine".
Gums and teeth. In the annotation of Du Gongzhan's Collection of History of Jingchu and Sui Dynasty in Sui Dynasty, the meaning of glue teeth is "to make it firm". In fact, this custom places a good wish for longevity, because teeth are strong, you can eat and drink, and you are naturally healthy. Sui annotation also said that "northerners are like this today", which shows the universality of this custom. Bai Juyi's New Year's Day family dinner showed his brothers and nephews, and suggested that Yin, as a judge, had a sentence "Advise your teeth first in spring", which reflected the dietary custom in the Yuan Dynasty. However, after the Southern Song Dynasty, as a sacrifice to the stove, the rubber tooth jar slowly disappeared from the New Year's Day food.
Spiced board, as a food in Yuan Dynasty, was first recorded in the local customs of Zhou Dynasty between Wu and Jin Dynasties. It is said that eating five parsley in the morning of the Yuan Dynasty "helps to make the five internal organs angry" (Volume I of Jade Candle Collection). Five kinds of coriander are five kinds of spicy dishes. The Chronicle of Jingchu Age notes garlic, garlic, leek, Yuntai and coriander. For example, it is mentioned in local customs that you can move the five internal organs and pray for health. "Chronicle of Jingchu Age" quoted Zhuangzi as saying: "Drinking like spring onions helps five Tibetans." It can be seen that the tradition of eating spicy food in Yuan Dynasty has a long history. Regarding the efficacy of five parsley, Sun Simiao in Sui and Tang Dynasties said in "No Eating": "In the first month, we should use five parsley to go on a diet to improve our vitality." (Volume V of Guang Ji at the age of) and Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said: "On New Year's Day, beginning of spring mixed onions, garlic, leeks, Artemisia annua, mustard and other dishes to welcome the new year, which means five coriander. The so-called' spring lettuce in spring' in Du Fu's poems is awkward. " This new dish means getting up late.
Suitable for powder. It is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its formula comes from Ge Hong's Fine Chemicals. It is prepared from Semen Platycladi, Fructus Cannabis, Asari, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, etc. Grind it into powder and take it with clean well water.
The prescription mentioned in Quegui Pill "Sui Zhu Jing Chu Ji Nian" is that Wudu Dan is dispersed in pairs and made into pellets with wax. On the morning of the first day of the first month, men wear them on their left arms and women wear them on their right arms. So the ghost will run away. However, the ghost pills mentioned in the Chronicle of Jingchu are taken, which is different from notes. Wearing it may be a later custom. Yu Jianwu, a Southern Liang writer, wrote a sentence in Ying Nian: "The golden book shows the gods swallowing, and the Zhu mud shows the ghost pills", indicating that on New Year's Eve, there is an activity of preparing ghost pills. The poem "Zhu Ni is a pill, Bai Ye is a cup for thousands of years" in "Rewarding Wei Changlin" by Sikong Shu reflects that this custom still exists in the Tang Dynasty.
The custom of everyone eating an egg has appeared in the local customs between Wu and Jin. "Local Customs" says that "swallowing a chicken raw is called practicing shape". Fitness is a Taoist term, which refers to practicing the body and thinking that you can become immortal. Eating eggs raw is for longevity. Taiping Yulan (Volume XXIX) quoted the Chronicle of Jingchu as saying: "Liang has no meat in the world, and Jing will never eat chicken, so he must follow the routine." That is, Liang Wudi believes in Buddhism and no longer eats eggs that belong to small fresh meat.
In the Song Dynasty, a popular saying called "Wonton in winter (solstice) is delicious in the year (festival)" (btu? ) proverbs. Jia Xiu, also known as "(? ) "and" Don't believe it ". Song Chengda Chang's "Lu Fan Lu" said: "In the Jin Dynasty, those who called soup cakes were all cooked in soup." Later generations changed it to a few knives, which was called "no support", meaning that the palm of your hand did not support it. Tell us the origin of this name. The soup cake in this paper refers to the food boiled with wheat flour products in ancient times. At the end of Wei Dynasty, Jia Sixie mentioned the "water-inducing method" in Volume 9 of Qi Yaomin's Book, and the "water-inducing method" was "Ru? If the pot is big, one foot is broken and the plate is full of water, you might as well put your hand on it and cook it as thin as leek leaves. " "It's like a big finger, two inches long. If you dip it in a basin, you should reach to the edge of the basin by hand to make it extremely thin, and it will be fully cooked when it is boiled. It is not straight, not white, not cute, but also self-sliding. " We can know that water-induced food and water-induced food belong to the same kind of food, but water-induced food is like noodles today, and water-induced food is like peeling today. In fact, "Nian Jia Jia" mentioned by Song people is a common language, which also includes water quotations. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Miscellaneous Notes on Years Old said: "On the first day of the New Year, people in Beijing eat more cakes, so-called New Year's Eve, or the like." (Five Quotations of Guangji's Age) Asking for cakes is a long quotation of the previous generation. Long lead refers to something elongated, and rope cake refers to a cake as slender as a rope. Both names are about slender food. As can be seen from the above, it is popular to eat drugs and other foods on New Year's Day in the Song Dynasty.