First, get relevant information through the title.
Titles are the eyes of the article, and some poetry titles tell a lot of information. For example, Bai Juyi's "Qiantang Spring Tour" explains the place and season of play; The title of Yang Wanli's "Seeing Lin Zifang at Jingci Temple" explains the content (farewell), time and object of this poem. The title of Ma Zhiyuan's Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si points out the emotional tone of this song ... Mastering this information can help us understand poetry.
Second, understand the author and writing background.
Understand the author, including his life, thoughts, creative path, artistic style, etc. Understand the writing background, including the background of the times when the works were produced, the author's mood when writing and similar works by other contemporary authors. Only by knowing people and discussing the world can we read and understand specific works.
Let's enjoy Li Yu's Young Beauty: When is the spring flower and the autumn moon, and how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.
Author Li Yu, the last emperor of Southern Tang Dynasty, was known as Li Houzhu in history. In 975, when the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu was naked and escorted to Bianjing, where he was ordered to "disobey orders" and lead a life of "being in the north, only in Lacrimosa". A king who holds the power of life and death suddenly became a prisoner at the mercy of others, and his situation plummeted. His grief and hatred are unimaginable to ordinary people. Therefore, most of Li Yu's later poems express the deep sorrow and great pain of national subjugation, and their style is gloomy. The hometown of spring breeze, bright moon and moonlight in the word "young beauty" evokes many grievances as a captured poet. The prosperity and joy of the past are only humiliation and loneliness before us. How can we look back when the country is ruined and the people are destroyed? At this moment, grief and sorrow arise spontaneously. Scenery such as spring flowers and autumn moon, the old country of small buildings, carved fences and beautiful faces overlap in front of us, merging into endless sorrow and hatred and turning into rolling spring water! "Asking how much you can care about is like a river flowing eastward", and the voice of sorrow bursts out from blood and tears, making people reluctant to read and listen. As the saying goes, "He who writes with blood also". Combining the author's life experience and writing background, we realized the poet's deep sorrow and great pain after his national subjugation.
As can be seen from the above examples, understanding the author and writing background plays an important role in appreciating poetry. It is worth mentioning that the appreciation of poetry in junior high school mostly chooses famous works, and these writers all have their own unique life experiences and unique work styles. Knowing him and his style will make it much easier to understand his works.
Thirdly, analyze the imagery and artistic conception of poetry.
To appreciate the images in ancient poetry, it is important to capture and understand the images in poetry. Image refers to the objective image of the author's subjective feelings in poetry, which is the unity of the author's inner thoughts and feelings and the external objective image. That is, "scenery" in "borrowing scenery to express emotion" or "things" in "expressing ambition". The poet's choice and description of images is the expression of the author's subjective feelings. Images often contain rich meanings, complex emotions, profound philosophies and strong subjective colors of poets. Their objective "image" and subjective "meaning" are isomorphic, forming an aesthetic image. We always begin to understand the image of poetry by feeling it. The ability to capture "meaning" and "image" is the core artistic feeling ability in poetry appreciation.
Poetic artistic conception refers to an artistic realm formed by the integration of the poet's subjective feelings and objective things. It is an artistic image of scene blending and the result of the author's creation and the reader's imagination. Poets often combine a series of related images to form an artistic conception with specific significance. Appreciating the artistic conception should start with the scenery and scenes described by the author and grasp the thoughts and feelings that the author runs through. In some lyric poems describing scenery, image is the object, and artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the combination of these objects. Images are some concrete and tiny units that constitute poetry, and artistic conception has a wide range, usually referring to the realm formed by the whole poem, which is an integral whole, and artistic conception is an important embodiment of poetic artistic achievements.
For example, in Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain, "the sky is high and the wind is urgent, apes crow and birds crow, and the blue lake and white sand return". Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, but I watch the long river roll forward ... "High wind, high sky, sand shed, whistling apes, birds, falling trees and flowing water" are all images containing the writer's sad feelings, and the sum of these images constitutes the profound artistic conception of mourning apes, dancing birds, falling trees and surging Yangtze River. The three images of "Yang Liuan Xiao Feng and the waning moon" in Liu Yong's Yulin Ridge outline the weeping willows, the blowing of Xiao Feng and the twilight of the waning moon. These most moving images merge together, forming an unbearable artistic conception, vividly expressing the author's sad parting sorrow. The images of withered vines, old trees, ravens, ancient roads and thin horses in Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si all convey the author's wandering worries, constitute a bleak artistic conception, and show the wandering sadness of wandering wanderers who miss their homeland.
When a poet writes a poem, he must first have an artistic conception, so that "God and things walk together" and "thinking and environment are integrated". When appreciating poetry, we should also grasp the image and artistic conception, and try to figure out the image in the meaning of poetry repeatedly to taste the realm in the meaning, so as to understand poetry correctly.
Fourth, grasp the key words in poetry.
The ancients attached great importance to the tempering of words and phrases in poetry creation. When analyzing poetry, if we grasp the key words (poetic eyes or word eyes), it is actually a breakthrough in appreciating poetry. For example, the word "independence" in Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue" accurately depicts the fisherman's personality characteristics of being far from the secular, lofty and refined, arrogant and uninhibited from the poetic image; Judging from the writing background of this poem, the word "independence" accurately shows the author's lonely situation that has been repeatedly criticized after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation" and also shows the author's indomitable mental state. The famous sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" in Wang Anshi's "Dengguazhou" uses the word "green", which has the color feeling of spring, making people feel green everywhere and fully feel the breath of spring; There is also a sense of movement, as if the spring breeze has brought green to the south of the Yangtze River, making people feel the vitality of spring.
Fifth, understand the meaning of allusions in poetry.
Ancient poets sometimes use some allusions to express profound themes when creating. If we pay attention to and understand these allusions, it will undoubtedly help to grasp the theme of the work.
For example, Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou": Bashan Chu River is desolate, giving up on itself in 23 years. People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed. On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower. Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up.
The "Wendy Fu" in the poem refers to the "Thinking of Old Fu" by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang are good friends. Ji Kang was killed because he was dissatisfied with Sima Group. Xiangxiu passed by Ji Kang's former residence, and when he heard someone playing the flute, he couldn't help feeling sad, so he wrote "Thinking of the Old". "Rotten Ke people" refers to Jin Wang Ren. Wang Zhi went up the hill to chop wood. When he saw two boys playing chess, he stopped to watch. By the end of the game, the handle of the axe was rotten. Back in the village, I realized that one hundred years had passed. The poet has been exiled for a long time and returned to his hometown. No one knows that he is Rainbow. The poet used allusions to express his nostalgia for his friends and his grief and indignation. Knowing these two allusions, we can understand the content of the poem more accurately and appreciate the feelings expressed by the author in the poem.
Having mastered some basic skills of poetry appreciation, plus training and accumulation, I think it is not difficult to improve my ability of analysis and appreciation.