19 17 One day, the downtown area of Zhangzhou was overcast with several loud noises. Dongyue Temple was rattled by the earthquake, and three poems fell out of the rafters, one of which was Aofeng Grass by Chen Baiheng, a Tongshan poet in Kanggan period of Qing Dynasty. Later, the stereotyped writing of Dongyue failed to survive for some reasons. 198 1 Zhangzhou Mr. Wang Zuoren learned that there was an Dongyue version of Aofeng Grass in Xiamen Library, so he reprinted it and made a preface, renamed it Aofeng Poetry, and included 27 poems. He said it was "a treasure of local art and literature". (1) Mr. Chen Hanbo of Dongshan knew about this matter, made a copy and published it in 1987 Dongshan Literature and History Materials, but it did not attract the attention of Dongshan literature and history circles. Decades later, people still know little about it.
Chen Baiheng, whose real name is Ting Quan, has hundreds of words. Tongshan annals records that he was born in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735) (2), and there is no other information. The manuscript of the Republic of China, Dongshan County Records, contains Dai Ji Mountain, one of his seven wonders, and there is no other relevant information.
The Republic of China edition of Zhao 'an County Records records: "Chen Tingquan, whose name is No.100, was born in Tongshan. Not very clever, easy to chant. On October 9, 2008, the county examination took the lead in entering a state of emergency. Chen Zhulou in the south of the Yangtze River is a military curtain. With the help of phonology, poetics is progressing day by day. Gan Long Xin Chou (178 1) Qiu, Wang Loushan, Zhong Cheng, was invited to try out Taifu Zhan and entered Aofeng Academy. He is the author of Aofeng Grass, and entertains himself by reciting scriptures every day. After tasting the wild mountains, I only watched the completion of the lecture hall in Demogou Shizhai, and the poems were mainly disciplined. Extremely dripping and generous, the so-called wild mountains are nostalgic, and they are also a set. It is odd, middle-aged mismatch, sword falling, (1766) 65-year-old traveling to Taiwan Province. " (3) The records in Guangxu's Zhangzhou Fuzhi are basically the same, except that the last sentence is "Bing Xu traveled to Taiwan at the age of 62"
Based on this, we can calculate the year of birth and death of Chen Baiheng. The ancients recorded their ages with imaginary years. In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Chen Baiheng died in the 56th year of Kangxi (17 17) and in the 43rd year of Qianlong (1778) at the age of 62. This is the same as the nominal 62-year-old of Huang Daozhou (1585- 1646).
There is an error in the above "178 1) autumn". There is a poem "Xin Youdong (174 1) gave Cai a poem about Aofeng and sent it to Wenling because of the old rhyme", which proves that Chen Baiheng was in Fuzhou this year. In addition, Wang Shuzi Loushan served as the governor of Fujian from May of the fifth year of Qianlong (1740) to March of the seventh year of Qianlong (1742). In the meantime, he may summon Chen Baiheng. 174 1 year is, so the fault that can be proved is ugly.
02
Chen Baiheng was smart and studious since childhood. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he was admitted to the scholar with the first place. He likes to recite poems against others, and poetry became famous at a young age. When Mr. Chen Zhulou of Jiangnan served as the military and political aide in Fujian, he heard about Chen Baiheng's poem title, found an opportunity to get to know him, valued his talent, and taught him the skills of phonology and poetry, which greatly improved his creative level and spread his reputation throughout the land of Bamin.
Gan Long is six years old (174 1) and Chen Baiheng is twenty-five. At this time, Wang Shu, who was in charge of Fujian, was also a poet and wrote Poems of Loushan. He heard that Chen Tongshan Bai Heng was a talented poet and ordered to be summoned. On September 22nd, Chen Baiheng came to Fuzhou and met with Governor Wang Shu. After some inquiries, Wang Shu was quite satisfied. He wrote the title "Ode to Taiwan Province" for Chen Baiheng to finish on the spot. We can't see the original "Zhantai Fu" now, but after Chen Baiheng returned to his residence, he was in a good mood and wrote a poem "Wangloushan Zhao Cheng Zhantai Fu, which was on September 22nd and returned to Ji":
Sir, please come on stage alone. Chiba dispersed, Qian Shan borrowed Xiao Kai.
A celebrity's self-censorship, he will be laid off by Qiu Si. Close at hand, in private, lead the former official. (4)
This poem describes the process and psychological activities of climbing the platform. He boarded the platform alone, feeling like a leaf scattered by a gust of wind, a little flustered, and like Qianshan in the morning light, suddenly enlightened. He warned himself that he must learn self-discipline in seeking fame. Who knows this idea? In this noble hall, an official led him up, heralding a bright future. This is a good poem, which shows the emotional changes in the process of scene advancement, especially the subtle changes in the artistic conception described in "Chiba Shocking Wind, Qian Shan Borrowing Xiao Kai", which can be described as a stroke of genius, and Chen Baiheng's poem can also be seen from this.
Chen Baiheng's talent was appreciated by Wang Shu. Dongyue said in a rigid old preface: "I was known by Wang Zhongcheng TEDA in Loushan." (5) Under the arrangement of Wang Shu, Chen Baiheng entered Aofeng College to study. From then on, he continued to write poems while reading. Sometimes, he accompanied Zhong Cheng's adult and listened to his teachings. For example, Master Wang Loushan has a lecture is a long poem, which expresses gratitude to Wang Shu for his support and describes the situation of studying at Aofeng Academy. "The school class burns official candles, and the cooking is divided into loans. Half peak bookstore, fighting for the New Year. " He made up his mind to study hard, strive to be admitted to the famous school and live up to his youth. ?
Wang Shu was born in 168 1 year, and Chen Baiheng is 36 years old, which is already 6 1 year. He cherished talents and trained them wholeheartedly, which provided the best learning conditions for Chen Baiheng. Chen Baiheng is also full of confidence and hopes to "tie the knot" one day. However, in March of the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), Wang Shu was demoted as the minister of Zhejiang for some reason. After half a year, Chen Baiheng also went home, and "going back to Zhang Hai" provided a time basis:
It's late autumn to travel far away from home, but this year Qiu Lai ran aground again.
When I return to Haiyan as a base, I will think of Sha Ou every day.
The cold health clause is still brown, dreaming that the empty river wants to stab the boat.
Message: I am old at various clubs, and Furong Leng Yan is resistant to deep sorrow. (7)
The first couplet of this poem "Will Return" points out the time. I came to Fuzhou in late autumn last year, and I'm still here this autumn. I'm going back to my hometown, which means I've lived in Fuzhou for about a year. This poem is written for all the "social elders" in Zhangzhou. Who are these "social elders"?
03
Dongyue Temple in Zhangzhou is the seat of Dongjiang Literature Society in Qing Dynasty. "When I took an examination of Dongyue in Kang Yong, for me, it was the winning area of the Zhang Lian Club and a gathering place for people. Assistant Minister of Cai Liang Village of Dongjiang Literature Society always stops. " (8) Cai Liangcun is the famous Cai Shiyuan. He is a famous minister of science and a teacher of Emperor Qianlong. He presided over Dongjiang Cultural Society, and Dongyue Temple naturally became a gathering place for celebrities in Zhangzhou.
Chen Baiheng came back from Fuzhou and was warmly welcomed by everyone. He is the special care of Governor Wang Daren, who studied at Aofeng College. He is young and promising, and his poems are famous. The poems he brought back were circulated among the literati, "fresh and elegant, comparable to Yu, and circulated for a while." Everyone thinks that his poems can be compared with poets Yu Xin and Bao Zhao in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Here's an example:
Climb Fuzhou Tower
Locking Haitian in Jin Ao is better than half the city.
A cold current flew over the canyon, wild trees rustled and cigarettes were lit.
The ancient mountains and rivers look at the sword, and the wind and rain in Fujian hinder the whip.
Except for Zhong Xuanke, who is 18 years old, who is stagnant, it is gloomy not to go upstairs. (9)
In the first four sentences, he stood on the tower and looked out, from far and near, from close-up to panorama, depicting a bleak and magnificent picture in winter. Combining the last four sentences, the rivers and mountains in Gu Yue kept me and started a new life of calligraphy and sword. "Look at the Sword" wrote a kind of strong pride. However, all the storms in Fujian have blocked my homesickness. Return to Whip shows a strong homesickness. Now, just like Mr. Zhong Xuan, what's the use if I don't write a poem on the podium and express my unpredictable confusion about the future alone?
This poem has a profound artistic conception, which greatly expands the imagination space, uses accurate words and accurately conveys complex emotions. It can be regarded as Chen Boheng's masterpiece, comparable to the excellent metrical poems in history. No wonder "The Old Preface of Aofeng Grass" says: "I know the name of Bai Heng's poem, and it will spread all over the world." ( 10)
Inferring from the old preface "Three Days before the Moon in the New Wai Gate of Ganlong" (1 1), the poem collection "Aofeng Grass" was published in the new Wai Period of Ganlong (175 1). At that time, Chen Baiheng often went in and out of Dongjiang Literature Society in Dongyue Temple, which is also the reason why poetry was rigidly hidden in the rafters of Dongyue Temple.
04
In the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), Yu Shi Shan Demer donated money to rebuild the Yeshan Lecture Hall in Zhangzhou, and invited famous teachers to give lectures. In those years, Chen Baiheng probably lived in Zhangzhou. He admired Huang Daozhou, often went to Yeshan to pay his respects and lingered, and wrote many well-known poems. "Poetry is based on Ji, and it is extremely dripping and generous. The so-called wild mountains are also collections. " These poems may have been collected, but they were not published, so they have not been handed down. However, the words used in Chen Baiheng's poems all contain allusions, which are profound and difficult for modern people to understand. Just as the Buddhist in Nanling said at the end of his poetry anthology, "Extraordinary and refined, elegant is the ideal." This is also one of the reasons that affect communication.
After that, Chen Baiheng should, like most people, get married and take part in the imperial examination. "A few strange things happened" means that he was so unlucky that he failed the exam many times and was only a scholar until he was old. He is sensitive and sad, good at capturing details, and has written many excellent poems, but he can't write well the imperial examination articles. His home is in Tongshan, and his poems are very famous and respected by celebrities at that time. "His poems and poems are profound, and he sees fame and virtue", "He stands aloof and extraordinary". (12) He may accept invitations many times, often exchange poetry skills in various places, and lead a life of "writing with pen and falling with sword".
He is a "middle-aged mismatch". He lost his wife at some point in middle age, and his life after that is even more uncertain. He was proud of his youth, and lost his middle age, so he naturally felt incompetent. "Old Preface" said: "A gentleman's talent is rich in jade, and jade is in the mountains, and there is no reward on earth. There are always people who will cry and make it clear, so he is particularly suffering from no talent and ears, so don't suffer from no confidant. " (13) This is a good wish to comfort Chen Baiheng. In reality, many accomplished poets live in poetry, and they are maverick, incompatible with real life and difficult to integrate into society.
"Bing Xu (1766) traveled to Taiwan Province at the age of 50." By the time he died, he had lived in Taiwan Province for twelve years. What is he doing in Taiwan Province Province? It is possible that you will accomplish nothing and spend the rest of your life dull. If you do something, the chronicle will not only record the year of death, nor will it record the experience.
At present, some works on literature and history cover the first half of his life, but make his life in Taiwan Province Province flourish. For example, he was sent by the Governor of Fujian to teach in Taiwan Province Province. After arriving in Taiwan Province, he built a school, set up an imperial examination, vigorously educated and enlightened the people's wisdom, and made great achievements in promoting education in Taiwan Province Province. It is also said that he was invited to teach in Tainan, established a family in Taiwan Province Province and spread his branches and leaves.
I don't know where these materials come from. From the perspective of "visiting Taiwan Province Province", it should be a personal trip or an invitation from a friend to go to Taiwan Province Province, not an appointment from the government. The data has no source, but can only be said to be speculation by individual writers of literature and history. Based on the psychological expectation of the sages in my hometown, I expressed my best wishes. People feel the same way, and I hope these statements are true.
Precautions:
(1) (8) (10) (11) (12) The Poems of Aofeng, No.6 and No.7 of Dongshan Literature and History Materials, p. 83.
(2) Chen Zhenzao's Tongshan Zhi (page 179).
(3) The Republic of China edition of Zhao 'an County Records, 340 pages.
(4)(5)(6)(9)( 13) Poems of Ao Feng, Sixth and Seventh Series of Dongshan Literature and History Materials, pp. 84-85.
(7) Poems of Aofeng, No.67 of Dongshan Literature and History Materials, 9 1 page.
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