Gao Shi was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, and was also called "Gao Cen" with Cen Can. The brushwork is vigorous and vigorous, full of the unique spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. I am lonely and poor, I love to make friends, I have the style of a ranger, and I have made contributions to my career. In his early years, he traveled to Chang 'an, and later to Jimen and Lulong, seeking ways to enter the body, all of which failed. Before and after this, he lived in the Song Dynasty and made friends with Li Bai and Du Fu. His poems are straightforward and not gorgeous, with seven-character songs as the most distinctive, and he writes more about frontier life, which is as famous as Cen Can, also known as "Gao Cen".
Gao Shi's life and creation can be divided into four periods:
(1) Twenty years ago, when he failed to find a job and was trapped in the Song Dynasty, he began to write poetry.
(2) From the 20th year of Kaiyuan to the 8th year of Tianbao, the first time he left the fortress, idled around and accomplished nothing, which was the heyday of his creation;
(3) From eight to fourteen years in Tianbao, you can continue to play your creativity by standing aside and joining the army;
(4) After Yuan Zai (756), he was proud of his official career. Although he also wrote some excellent works, on the whole, it is not as good as the first three issues.
Gao Shi's poems have a wide range of themes, rich content and strong reality. There are mainly the following categories:
1 frontier poems, the highest achievement. His representative works include Ge Yanxing, Five Poems on Jimen, Cezanne, Xia Sai Qu, Ji Zhongzuo and Nine Songs, which praised the soldiers' lofty sentiments of bravely serving the country and making contributions, wrote down their hard life in the army and their beautiful desire for peace, and exposed the arrogance and extravagance of frontier generals, their insensitivity to foot soldiers and the unclear rewards and punishments of the court. Gao Shi's works praising unjust wars and discriminating against ethnic minorities, such as Li Yunnan's Poems for Young Adults, are the dross of this kind of poetry.
(2) Poetry reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood. These poems profoundly reveal the contradiction between the rulers and the broad masses of the people, such as Thirteen Yellow Rivers in Qi Qi (9) and Floods in Dongping and Lu Yu. It truly describes the heavy burden of taxes, corvees and natural disasters of farmers and expresses sympathy for their suffering. He also wrote some poems praising "good officials" and advocated levity from the idea of "benevolent government"
(3) sarcasm hurts poetry. Generally speaking, it refers to abusing politics and criticizing the rulers' arrogance and extravagance, such as "Ancient Songs" and "It's hard to walk through their two poems". There are also some poems that show anxiety and indignation about the political situation after the Anshi Rebellion, such as "Rewarding Mr. Pei with Poems instead of Books" and "Two Poems by Baizhang Peak".
④ There are the most poems chanting for the bosom, and the ideological content is more complicated. If you don't send Guo Shaofu Wei, Xiao Gu to Tweety, Zuo, etc. for the three certificates of joining the army and rewarding Xue. This expresses their dissatisfaction with reality.
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was famous and successful, with a high official, originally from Qi (now Qixian, Shanxi), moved to Yongji, Shanxi, believed in Buddhism and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works. Su Shi commented that "there are paintings in poetry; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. Kaiyuan Jinshi He served as Da Lecheng and You Shiyi. When An Lushan rebelled, he was forced to assume a false post. He has made great achievements in poetry and painting. Su Dongpo praised him for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", especially for his achievements in landscape poetry. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng". In his later years, he was careless about his official career and devoted himself to being a Buddha. Later, he was called "Shi Fo".
The content of poems and masterpieces
Most of Wang Wei's pastoral poems depict the natural beauty, but at the same time, they reveal the leisure interest in the leisure life. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. After middle age, Wang Wei became increasingly depressed and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claimed that "silence is joy, and there is much leisure in this life" ("Fanbu Busan Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five-line poem "Zen", and said that two poems, Bird-singing Creek and Wu Xinyi, "I forgot my life experience after reading them, and my thoughts were all silent" (poems), which is proof. Legend of Snow Scene is a work about Wang Wei's parting and travel, and there are often some beautiful sentences describing the scenery, such as "Far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Sending money home") and "Half a mountain and half a rain, thousands of valleys come to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Li Shi in Zizhou"). The tides rise and fall on the earth (Farewell to Guizhou) and Lonely Smoke in the Desert.
Join the Army, Travel in Longxi, Yan Fenke, Hunting Observation, Frontier Conquest and Frontier Conquest are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork. These works are generally believed to have been written by Wang Wei in his early years. There are also some poems, such as Fu on Four Sages, Fu on Allegory, Fu on Unfortunate Encounter, etc., which were written when eunuchs relegated to Jeju. The fifth of Six Chances, Zhao Nv Yan Ya, expressed indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich nobles dominated the official career and the talented people were frustrated, and reflected some dark sides of feudal politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Luoyang Galand and Xi Shi Yong express their feelings and satire for the strong through comparison. Women's sufferings are described in Mrs Xi and Ban Jieyu. They are sad and have certain social significance. Lyric poems such as Farewell to the Old Friend, I watched you go down the mountain, Send Li to Lingaotai to receive the legacy, Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong, Miss My Shandong Brothers in the Mountain, Acacia, Miscellaneous Poems, and You from My Old Country have been told for thousands of years. "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" and "Acacia" were broadcast as music at that time and were widely sung. These poems are all five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains, with sincere feelings, beautiful and natural language, simple and profound beauty, which can be compared with those of Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Poetic style
Wang Wei's creative talents are manifold. His five laws and five or seven words are the highest attainments, and he is also good at other subjects, which is quite prominent in the whole Tang Dynasty poetry circle. His seven laws are either rich and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, which were learned by the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. Seven ancient poems, Peach Blossom, Old General and Answering My Brother with Cui Fu, are among the best among the seven ancient poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with their scattered forms and erratic momentum. Prose also has excellent works. The Book of Mountains Pei Xiucai's Cuisine is beautiful, meaningful and poetic, which is similar to its landscape poetry style.
What Wang Wei lacks in concentration is those eulogizing and eulogizing poems, flattering chorus poems and works that directly promote Buddhism. Their content is not enough, and their language is full of cliches or boredom. However, there are also some famous sayings, such as "the leaves covered by the spring rain are in the double wind of the imperial city in the clouds" ("looking down in the spring rain during the process of adding pavilions from Xianshan Palace to Hehuang Poetry"), which are also praised for their high weather and meticulous objects. The illustrations of Wang Weishi's "Youth Journey" are selected from the Yazhai block-printed edition of the Ming Wanli Collection "Seven Words of Tang Poetry".