Introduction of works
Frontier fortress is a famous title of frontier fortress poetry. It mainly describes the military life and actions in the border areas. There is a certain national consciousness, because it is related to its historical period and living environment. It indirectly expresses the cruelty of war and the yearning for a peaceful life.
Liangzhou Ci: Also known as Chusai. Lyrics for Liangzhou, a popular song at that time. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry (Volume 79) and Modern Quci contain Liangzhou songs, and quoted Yuan Yue as saying: "Liangzhou is a Gongdiao song, and Guo Zhiyun, commander-in-chief of Kaiyuan Liangfu". Liangzhou, subordinate to Longyou Road in Tang Dynasty, is located in Guzang County (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province).
original text
Liangzhou ci
Author: Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Precautions:
1, Liangzhou word: also known as Chusai. Lyrics for Liangzhou, a popular song at that time. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry (Volume 79) and Modern Quci contain Liangzhou songs, and quoted Yuan Yue as saying: "Liangzhou is a Gongdiao song, and Guo Zhiyun, commander-in-chief of Kaiyuan Liangfu". Liangzhou, subordinate to Longyou Road in Tang Dynasty, is located in Guzang County (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province).
2. Far away: looking far to the west. "Far" means "straight". Far above the Yellow River: Looking at the source of the Yellow River.
3. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border. Qi: an ancient unit of length. Together, it is equivalent to seven or eight feet (about 265,438+03 cm or 264cm).
4. Qiang people: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a A Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-wind wind music. Why: Why? Liu: The song "Folding Willow". In ancient poetry, willow is often used as a metaphor for farewell. The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei: "I wasn't there yesterday, Liu Yiyi." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "
5. Degree: Blow. Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was named after the introduction of jade articles from the Western Regions. Therefore, Xiaofangcheng, located in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
Wan Ren: It's eight feet high. Wan Ren means high mountain.
7. Willow: refers to "the song of breaking willow", which is a sad tune.
8. Yumenguan: Guanming, located in the southwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, is the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times.
About the author:
Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Ji Ling was originally from Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and his great-grandfather moved to Jiangxian, Shanxi. His brothers Wang Zhixian and Wang Zhidan both have literary names. Since childhood, he has attached great importance to loyalty, drinking and talking about music, being bold and unrestrained, and often fencing and elegy. Middle-aged people repent and are determined to learn. I'm not interested in exams, and I visit celebrities everywhere after I finish my studies. I used to be a small official in charge of bookkeeping, but later I resigned because of slander and lived a lively life. Six poems, mostly sung by musicians at that time, were famous for a while, and often kept pace with Gao Shi and Wang Changling.
In-phase singing is famous for being good at describing frontier fortress scenery. The words are simple, but the environment is far-reaching, which makes people picturesque and memorable.
Rhyme translation:
The Yellow River originated in the Loess Plateau and among the white clouds. As an isolated city in Mobei, it is backed by the mountains of Wan Ren.
If you don't complain, your brother will play a sad song and break the willow. Who doesn't know that the spring breeze has never passed Yumen Pass?
Translation:
The Yellow River flowing far away seems to be connected with white clouds, and Yumenguan stands alone in the mountains, looking lonely and cold. Why use Qiangdi to play sad willow songs and complain that spring is late? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't blow!
Comments:
As a way out of fame. Some intellectuals, most of them have frontier life experience, and their poems mainly describe frontier life, forming the so-called "frontier poetry school".
? This poem aims to write about Liangzhou, which is surrounded by dangers and difficult to defend. The first sentence of the poem is about the flowing Yellow River, which originates from the clouds, highlights its long history and shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the frontier. The frontier fortress of Liangzhou City is located in a dangerous and isolated state. "Piece" is a common word in Tang poetry, which is usually used with "solitary" (such as "a solitary cloud" and "a solitary sail"). ), which means "one seat" here. Pass three sentences, write and listen. Qiangdi played the song "Folding Willow", calling out my husband's sadness. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a custom of breaking willow to bid farewell, so I was sad when I saw willow, and even more resentful when I heard the song "Breaking Willow". Commissioner of the spring breeze, willow is not green, can't fold willow to send affection, hear QuGengSheng resentment way:
Freezing in the cold, fighting indefinitely, and going home is hopeless. However, "complaining" and "worrying" are futile, and there is no need to complain. This generous explanation is euphemistic, profound, implicit and thought-provoking, and it is worthy of being the swan song of frontier fortress poetry. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。 (:Valley Hall. )
This is a vigorous and desolate frontier poem. According to the Records of Collected Legacies by Xue Yongwei of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period (7 13-74 1 in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to the hotel to have a drink, and when they met the artists in the Liyuan, they privately agreed to name the poems by singing. As a result, all three people's poems were sung, and the most beautiful woman in Zhu Lingzhong sang "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". It may not be true, but it shows that Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.
The Book of Songs takes the "lonely city" as the center and the vast and magnificent background as the background. Some people think that the first sentence "The Yellow River is far above" is very puzzling, and it is easy to change "The Yellow River is far above" to "The yellow sand is straight above". But "the yellow sand is straight up", the sky is dark and there is no "white cloud". In fact, "the Yellow River is far above" is not difficult to understand. Both Li Bai and Wang Zhihuan wrote about the scenery looking west along the Yellow River. The difference is that Li Bai's vision is far and near, so he created a strange sentence "How does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky?" Wang Zhihuan's eyes are near and far, so he shows the wonder of "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Looking west, the Yellow River goes from east to west and goes straight into the white clouds. This is the vertical direction.
To describe. "Wan Ren Mountain" rises at the junction of water and sky, and the mountain is connected with the sky, which is a vertical description. Just where the water meets the sky and the mountains meet the sky, "an isolated city" is faintly visible. This is a unique picture shown in this poem.
The first two sentences focus on scenery writing, while the last two sentences focus on lyricism. However, the feelings of the last two sentences have been bred in the scenes of the first two sentences. A lonely city has a sense of desolation. The vastness of the background reflects its sadness; The grandeur of the background highlights its desolation. The feelings of people in the "lonely city" are even more so. This "isolated city" is not a residential area but a garrison. Recruiters who live here come here to defend the frontiers along the Yellow River in Wan Li. Living in a "lonely city" for a long time, it is impossible to be homesick. This leads to three or four sentences. Qiangdi's play is nothing more than Zheyang Liuqu, which "worries about killing travelers", and his homesickness is clearly visible. The beauty is that you don't say homesickness, but you say "complaining about willow." Judging from the conclusion, the content of "resentment" is that the willow is not green. Li Bai's "Xia Sai Qu" "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain, without flowers and cold. Smell the willow in the flute, but never look at the spring scenery, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of the word "resentment" Poetic and graceful: when I heard the song of breaking willow leaves, I naturally remembered the scene of breaking willow leaves when my relatives left home, which reminded me of my homesickness; From the memories of my relatives folding willows to the present reality, I feel that the willows in my hometown have already brushed the ground. I also saw a little spring scenery in "No Wind" in Lonely City, which reminded me of my homesickness. The poem is so euphemistic and profound, but the poet's meaning is still unfinished. He starts with "unnecessary" and builds momentum for the conclusion, and then ends with an explanation of the reasons for "unnecessary", which means that since the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow, the willow outside the customs will naturally not spit leaves. What's the use of just "complaining"? Huang Sheng's Excerpts from Tang Poems says, "Wang Longbiao's" Playing the Qiang flute is more worrying for Wan Li "and Li Junyu's" Playing the reed flute somewhere makes people look at their hometown overnight "are all the same, but not as good as this one. Because of its implication, he only used the word' why'. The artistic charm of this poem lies in its magnificent scenery and profound lyricism. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Implicit and profound poetry can be understood in many ways. Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an, Volume II: "This poem is not as generous as the frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far from Wan Li." Li Zhi's A Brief Record of Poetry Changes further points out: "It is particularly appropriate to say that you are not as good as your manners, but that the spring breeze is not enough." This poem is a picture of the magnificent scenery in the northwest frontier, and it is also an elegy full of sympathy for the soldiers who went to war. The two are unified in just four poems, which is intriguing and intriguing. The whole poem is full of witty remarks, scenes and scenes, and colorful. Judging from the story of Xue Yongwei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, who painted a wall and a flag pavilion in Ji Jie Ji, this poem spread all over the world and was hailed as a swan song soon after its release.
Militarily speaking, Liangzhou Ci, Liangzhou Ci, went out to compete.
Qin Yue Ming Han official Zheng Wan didn't.
Make Longcheng fly to teach Huma to cross Yinshan Mountain.
Precautions:
1, making: want
2. Longcheng: Xiongnu Festival in Longcheng
3. Flying: refers to Li, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty. Huns are afraid of bravery and are called flying troops.
4. Yinshan Mountain: Kunlun Mountain starts from the northwest of Hetao and crosses the northern barrier of Suiyuan, Chahar and Jehol.
Rhyme translation:
Or the Han border pass of Qin dynasty?
Wan's long campaign continues.
If Longcheng flies to Lijian,
Never allow Huns to release their horses and cross Yinshan Mountain in the south.
Comments:
The first sentence of the poem laments: the soldiers are in chaos and the frontier is blocked. The first sentence is intriguing. It is said that the historical transformation of Han, Ming, Qin and Qin has never been broken. The second sentence was written with a sigh. The third sentence is about a tragedy. In three or four sentences, thousands of people are written. * * * agreed to hope that Longcheng would fly in to calm the chaos and stabilize the border defense. The whole poem sings a bold and open-minded theme in popular language. The momentum is smooth and the rhyme is amazing. Li Panlong was awarded the Four Wonders of the Tang Dynasty.
Use Liangzhou words and Liangzhou words.
Don Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Cross the border
Don Wang Changling
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain.
Liangzhou Ci is a quatrain.
Don Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Liangzhou song
Don William Wang
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
Frontier poems: frontier fortress, Liangzhou ci, Liangzhou ci, joining the army, Ma Shi frontier fortress.
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
Precautions:
1, but make: as long as.
2. Longcheng: Longcheng is the place where Xiongnu worships heaven.
3. General Fei: refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty. The Huns were afraid of his bravery and called him "General Fei".
4. Yinshan Mountain: the northern branch of Kunlun Mountain, which starts from the northwest of Hetao and passes through Suiyuan, Chahar and the north of Jehol, is the barrier to the north of China.
Rhyme translation:
It is still the bright moon in Qin dynasty and the border pass in Han dynasty.
The movement lasted for a long time, and Wan Li's husband didn't come back.
If Li Guang, the flying general of Dragon City, were alive today,
Huns are never allowed to go south to herd horses and spend the Yinshan Mountain.
Comments:
This is a frontier fortress poem lamenting that the country has no elite soldiers. The first sentence of this poem is the most intriguing. It's about the Han Pass, Mingyue Qin here. Great historical changes have taken place, and the fighting has not stopped. Write two sentences about how many men died in battle and how many tragedies were left behind. Three or four sentences have written the people's wishes for thousands of years, hoping to have a "flying dragon" to calm the chaos and stabilize the border defense. The whole poem sings a profound and open-minded theme in plain language, with smooth momentum and one go, which is amazing to sing. Li Panlong of Amin Dynasty once praised it as a masterpiece of Tang Dynasty, which is not too much.
Wang Zhihuan Liangzhou ci original:
Liangzhou Ci (Tang) Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Translation:
The yellow sand rolled up by the wind seems to be connected with white clouds, and Yumenguan stands alone in the mountains, looking lonely and cold. Why do you want to use Qiangdi to play the sad song "Folding Willow" to complain about the delay of spring? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't blow.
About the author: Wang Zhihuan (688-742), Ji Ling, Han nationality, Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province), was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Bold and uninhibited, he often mourned swordsmanship, and his poems were sung by musicians at that time. At that time, he often sang with Gao Shi and Wang Changling, and was famous for describing the frontier fortress scenery. Representative works include Heron Pavilion and Liangzhou Ci.
What kind of frontier poems do Liangzhou Ci and Chusai belong to?
It is the main theme of Tang poetry and the most profound, imaginative and artistic part of Tang poetry. Poems that mainly focus on the life of frontier troops, or describe the wonders beyond the Great Wall, or reflect the hardships of guarding the border and express the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border are called frontier poems. Frontier poems are generally written by generals who went to war or civil servants who were embedded in the army. Through the description of the hard life and natural scenery of the ancient battlefield, we express our homesickness and noble sentiments of defending our country and our country. In the frontier poems of the Tang Dynasty, the Han Dynasty is often used as a metaphor for the types of the Tang Dynasty.
The frontier fortress is compared with Liangzhou Ci "Frontier fortress" and "Liangzhou Ci", which describes the magnificent and desolate frontier fortress scenery and expresses the tragic feelings of the soldiers guarding the frontier. The first sentence of the poem is about overlooking the Yellow River from bottom to top, and the second sentence is about the sinister frontier environment. Together, the two sentences describe the magnificent scenery of the frontier fortress and the harsh living environment of the border guards with a lot of freehand brushwork. After the first two sentences, the sound of Qiangdi was introduced. It is a custom in the Tang Dynasty to bid farewell to the willow, and the lyrics of "Folding the Willow" played by Qiangdi can cause homesickness. But now, outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, and it is impossible to break the willow and chat goodbye. How can this not make people more sad? The whole poem shows the sad and generous spirit of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
What kind of poems do Liangzhou ci and frontier fortress belong to?
It is the main theme of Tang poetry and the most profound, imaginative and artistic part of Tang poetry. Poems that focus on the life of frontier troops, or describe the wonders beyond the Great Wall, or reflect the hardships of guarding the frontier are called frontier poems. This kind of poetry is extremely rich in ideological content: it can express the lofty sentiments of eager to make contributions and serve the country; You can write about the homesickness of border guards and the hatred of missing women at home; Can show the monotony and hardship of life beyond the Great Wall, as well as the cruelty of years of war; You can vent your dissatisfaction with the opening of the border and your resentment against the greed of the general; You can marvel at describing the strange scenery and folk customs of the frontier. What is revealed in the poem may also be contradictory and complicated emotions: the generosity of joining the army and the helplessness of homesickness for a long time; The conflict between defending the country and hard life; Dedication to the country and hatred for the incompetence of the general.
Liangzhou Ci and Chusai are both called () poetic frontier fortress.