Yu Meiren Li Yu
When is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon.
The jade carving should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward.
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Yu Meiren is Li Yu's masterpiece and Li Houzhu's desperate words. According to legend, on the night of his birthday (July 7th) ("Chinese Valentine's Day"), he ordered a prostitute to have fun in his apartment and sang a new work "Yu Meiren", which is widely known. Song Taizong was furious after hearing this, so he ordered people to poison his medicinal liquor. This word shows the endless sadness of a king who has died in the country in a way that contrasts the past with the present.
"When is the moon in spring flowers? How much do you know about the past! " Three spring flowers bloom, the Mid-Autumn Festival is full of gardens, and the years are constantly changing. How wonderful life is. But when will my painful years as a prisoner end? Looking back, as a monarch, how did you do so many things in the past and how did you get to today? According to historical records, when Li Yu was a monarch, he indulged in debauchery every day, ignored the state affairs and killed the admonishers in vain ... Through this poem, we can easily see that the ruler of Weah became a prisoner in the Southern Tang Dynasty. At this moment, his heart is not only bitter and indignant, but also somewhat regretful.
"The small building was easterly again last night, and the country could not bear to look back at the middle of next month." If you drag out an ignoble existence, the spring breeze blows again and the spring flowers bloom again. Recalling the Southern Tang Dynasty and Li's hometown-the old country died early. The poet lives in a prison house, listening to the spring breeze, watching the bright moon, touching the scenery, feeling sad and unable to sleep at night. The word "you" means that this situation has happened many times. This kind of mental pain is really unbearable, exposing how sad and helpless he is inside! In the dead of night, leaning against the building, I saw the moonlight like water. Everything in front of him reminded him of his deep nostalgia for the old country of the Southern Tang Dynasty. "the old country is unbearable to look back on the moon!" What the poet said here is not only a deep sigh, but also a cry of deep pain.
"The jade fence should still be there, but Zhu Yan changed it." Although "the old country is unbearable to look back", we still can't help looking back. These two sentences are dedicated to "looking back" and "old country"-the magnificent palace in Jinling, the old capital, is probably still there, but Zhu Yan, the maid-in-waiting who lost her country, has changed. This implies that Li Houzhu's country has a surname, and the mountains and rivers change color! The word "gang" is extremely heavy, conveying infinite disappointment with the changes of the world. The word "Zhu Yan" here refers to the pink girl in the former palace, but at the same time it is a symbol of all the good things and good life in the past.
In the above six sentences, the poet tried his best to integrate beauty and sadness, past and present, scenery and personnel, especially through the strong contrast between the eternity of nature and the vicissitudes of personnel, and poured out the sadness and regret contained in his chest in a tortuous way, condensing it into the last eternal swan song-"How much sadness can you have?" Like a river flowing eastward. "Sorrow is like rushing out of the canyon and running to the sea. Filled with resentment, the poet made a thorough inquiry into life: "How much sorrow can I ask you?"? "It's like a river flowing eastward!" Life, life, doesn't it mean endless sadness? "One River, Spring Water Flows East" is a famous sentence with water as a metaphor for sorrow, which shows that Wang Yang, who is worried like spring water, pours freely; Another example is the spring water, which keeps flowing day and night. These nine words really express the depth and strength of feelings in the upwelling. Nine-character, five-character, four-character, flat and even, alternating flat and even, and finally ending with two flat and even characters, it reads like the ups and downs of spring in Jiang Botao, which is endless and really colorful. These last two sentences are also based on questions and answers, which doubly highlights the word "worry", thus making the whole word echo and flow freely.
As a monarch, Li Yu is undoubtedly a failure; As a poet, he achieved great success. This "Young Beauty" is a masterpiece that has been told for ages. He broke through the tradition of five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, and developed Ci from an entertainment tool of flowers and moonshine to a lyric style of singing life.
The whole poem uses clear, concise, beautiful and fresh language, and uses various rhetorical devices such as metaphor, symbol, comparison and questioning to highly summarize and incisively express the poet's true feelings. No wonder the predecessors praised Li Yu's words as "songs of blood and tears" and "one word and one bead". Li Houzhu's poem hung on the predecessors: "Being a talented person is really peerless, and being the king of evil." Indeed, as a monarch of national subjugation, he has nothing to say, but as a generation of poets, he left many words of blood and tears that made people cry, which will last forever. The song "Young Beauty" is one of the most famous songs. The structure of ci poetry is rigorous, always hovering and fluctuating, and it is combined into a harmonious and coordinated artistic whole around a central idea. Before Li Yu, no poet could achieve such high achievements in structural art, so Wang Guowei said, "There are no words in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying, but after Li Houzhu came down, his works involved Uncle Shui, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " It can be seen that Li Yu's artistic achievements are of great significance beyond the times. Of course, what is more important is that he feels deeply, so it is the emotion itself that plays a decisive role. It was also Wang Guowei who put it well: "The words of my ancestors are actually so-called bloody books." This song "Young Beauty" is full of sadness and hatred, with deep and strong feelings, like a raging river, desperate to rush out. It is rare in history that a king who is above the sword dares to express his hatred of national subjugation so boldly. Li Yu's devotion to such pure and sincere feelings is probably what Wang Guowei called "naive words" out of "a childlike innocence". This feature is most prominent in the poem Yu Meiren, for which Li Yu paid the price of his life. French writer Miao Sai said: "The most beautiful poems are the most desperate poems, and some immortal chapters are pure tears." Yu Meiren by Li Yu is such an immortal work!
Brief analysis
This word was written about the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thought of the old country is revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words. Whole word question and answer; From asking people to asking themselves, through the intense tone of sadness and the free and tortuous artistic structure, the author's melancholy thoughts run through, forming a refreshing aesthetic effect. It is true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy, and the past he misses is also inseparable from the imperial life of the "jade carving" and the secrets of the palace. However, this well-known masterpiece is unique in art: Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon are mostly beautiful, but the author earnestly hopes that it will "disappear" as soon as possible; The "east wind" in the small building brought the information of spring, but it caused the author's "unbearable sigh" on the contrary, because they all evoked the author's feelings about changed things, expressed his anxiety about being imprisoned in a foreign country, and used to describe the author's mood of changing from a perfect match to a long song and crying prisoner. The conclusion "A river flows eastward" is a famous sentence that uses water as a metaphor for sadness, which implicitly shows the endless flow of sadness. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's Zhuzhi Ci is a little blunt, while Qin Guan's Jiangchengzi is full of tears, gushing and preoccupied, which weakens the touching power. It can be said that the word Li Yu is widely used because, to a great extent, the sentence is based on infectious and symbolic metaphors, which makes the sad thought vivid and abstract: the author does not clearly write the true connotation of his sad thought-recalling the happy life in the past, but only shows its external form-"like a river flowing eastward." In this way, people can easily get some kind of spiritual resonance from it and use it to express their similar feelings. Because people's worries have different connotations, they can all have the external form of "just like a river flowing eastward". Because "image is often greater than thought", the word Li has a wide sound and is passed down through the ages.