Translation; Pay attention to the usage of interchangeable words, adverbs and auxiliary words when reading ancient Chinese. No matter how bizarre the exam is, it all comes from books. Pay more attention to accumulation when reading at ordinary times
Needless to say, explain and make sentences.
Composition; Cultivate your own thinking to be more agile ... read more model essays, remember to write beautiful and classic sentences, quote them in your own articles, and increase the highlights of the articles. Imitate the transitional writing of the model essay and use various rhetorical devices in the article.
A word from China, accumulation.
There are three steps to solve the problem of modern Chinese reading:
The first step is to read the full text and grasp the main idea.
The first is to clarify the thinking of the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article is to clarify the center and return to the main idea of the article. Usually, we should learn to bid for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph and summarize the central idea. Often effective.
Second, we should find and understand the key words in the article. Especially those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the profound content of the article, have rich connotations and vivid images. In particular, the central idea of the article is often implied in the opening sentence, ending sentence, independent paragraph sentence, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence and lyric discussion sentence.
Don't rush to do the problem, be sure to read the article twice before getting to the point. Read and browse quickly for the first time, absorb the general meaning of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? The second intensive reading, read every sentence carefully, try to figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article. Draw words, sentences and paragraphs that play a connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentence of each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words are often key words that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. (3) Have a sense of style in your heart and find out the sentences that make the dragon shine at the moment. As a philosophical prose, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in narration and description. When reading, we must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, and pay special attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the theme of the full text.
Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to read the article before doing the problem, and resolutely put an end to skimming.
The second step is to carefully examine the questions and conduct directional scanning.
The key to doing subjective questions in modern Chinese reading is to examine them accurately. If you grasp the key to the examination, you can find the key to the answer. The examination of modern text reading is to carefully analyze the stem and grasp the requirements of the topic, that is, to grasp all kinds of information related to the answer contained in the stem. This is the first and most critical step to answer the question. The stem of the question generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; At the same time, in order to prevent candidates from being at a loss, proposers often prompt the position of the answer content in the text in the stem of the question, and even limit it to which paragraph or sentence. In this way, you can find out the points of each question according to the tips of the stem, and lock the answer interval, which is specific to paragraphs, sentences and words. As long as we find the relevant areas in the original text, carefully ponder the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key words and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answers, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text.
Remember: the stem prompts the answer range, specifies the answer angle, provides the answer idea, implies the answer information and embodies the answer law.
Thirdly, screening and combining, and directional expression.
Reading literary works is mostly subjective, and its stem can show both the answer area and the answer method. We should answer questions from the perspective of the "question" of the presenter, and answer any questions if there are any, so that the answers are sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, we must ensure the fluency of the text.
Please remember:
1, find out the attitude or tendency in the stem.
If the question you encounter is negative, you should use the answer method of reverse first and then correct to avoid missing the main points; If your question is in a positive form, use a positive answer.
2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form.
The structure of stem is an external form of ideogram, which implies what the meaning of a sentence is made of. The analysis structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions.
3. Find out the author's words and the proposer's words in the stem.
The author's sentences in the topic are generally the objects for students to understand and analyze, while the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions.
4. Change implication into directness and differentiation into generalization.
Modern Chinese reading materials in NMET are mostly prose, and the language is not only rich in connotation, but also attaches great importance to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are specific. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text to find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and summarized languages, which is the mandatory answer.
5. Select, refine and integrate sentences from the original text.
The purpose of modern text reading is to master and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the work according to the author's thinking and find the answer from the original text. But it is not extracted directly, sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is necessary to consider the whole text and extract relevant information from each paragraph for integration. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination.
In addition, we should also find out the common noun terms in the test questions.
Expressions, commonly used expressions are narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation and so on.
Writing skills, candidates should be clear, the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense refers to all writing skills, such as expression, rhetoric, suppression before promotion, symbol, straight to the point, expressing ambition and so on.
Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical questions and so on.
Language features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, vivid image and emotional literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric.
Feeling refers to feeling, understanding and comprehension from the heart.
Explanatory text of types, things and reasons (content perspective); Simple and vivid explanatory text (language expression angle).
Explaining methods generally include examples, classification, data list, comparison, definition, explanation, analogy, drawing charts, imitation, etc. (generally three words).
Descriptive order, chronological order (program order), spatial order, logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc. ), logical order (results first, reasons later, step by step, etc. ).
The object of explanation refers to the main person or thing explained in the article (generally there is no need to answer the characteristics of people or things).
Demonstration methods, reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation and reduction to absurdity required by middle schools.
Demonstration mode, demonstration and refutation.
Theoretical arguments, including famous sayings, proverbs, formula laws, etc.
Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc.
Concise and concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words.
Decent, civilized, polite and humanized.
What's the role? The function or benefit of answering something in the article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively.
Ideological nature basically refers to the central idea or theme of an article.
Thoughts and feelings, the ideological tendency shown by the author or characters in his works, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc.
The above-mentioned "common terms" secretly examine students' language foundation and are also the points for assigning topics. Candidates can understand it, which can cure the problem of "answering irrelevant questions" well.
Five steps of poetry appreciation
first step
Let's take a look at what poetry is like (divided into realism and romanticism in expression: pastoral poetry, frontier poetry and so on). By content)
Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties are generally used in ancient poetry, with lyric poems as the majority. Lyric poetry can be divided into scenery description and lyric, ancient lyric and lyric. Writing lyric poems about scenery is mainly to grasp the relationship between scenery and emotion; Generally speaking, to grasp the relationship between the ancient and the present, it can be used to describe the present or satirize it; The first step is to understand the relationship between things and ambitions, and express ambitions by what things are.
Second step
Go to the second half of the poem to find the center of the poem (the author wants to express his feelings and heartfelt wishes).
Third step
Look at the first half of the poem and think about what images are written, what pictures these images constitute, what characteristics these pictures have, and what role they play in the center of the poem (this is actually the blending of scenes, that is, the grasp of artistic conception).
Fourth step
Do five must-see things:
(1) Be sure to look at the topic (the topic is often the eye of the poem, or the central event, which helps to understand the content of the poem);
(2) Be sure to meet the author (know the world and the author's style);
3 must-read notes (you can understand the emotional tone of poetry, difficult knowledge allusions, and sometimes the answers are among them);
4 must-see famous sentences (central sentences and poetic eyes are often here. Poetry appreciation is often the appreciation of famous sentences);
(5) Be sure to look at the stem of the question (the stem of the question is very directional, so be sure to look at the requirements clearly, and be sure to answer with the content and stem of the original poem, and not explain the concept in an empty way. Answers must be targeted and directional, and it is very important to ask, answer, ask and give.
Step five
Take a look at the techniques used in poetry, so that it is easy to appreciate ancient poetry. Generally, the expression program can be used when organizing writing: what kind of poem is this, what kind of scenery the poet absorbed to form what kind of picture scroll (or what kind of image description), and what kind of thoughts and feelings the poet contains from it. In terms of artistic features, what expressive techniques are mainly used and what expressive effects are achieved. Or put it this way: this poem uses the technique of (expression, rhetoric, expression), writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and plays the role of ().
16
Respondent: xyk02000508
1. The purpose of expository writing is to introduce knowledge, so the goal of expository reading test is to understand, including understanding words, sentences, interpretation center, interpretation order and interpretation method. Since the introduction of any knowledge is inseparable from concepts, and there are many new concepts in the articles introducing high-tech knowledge, answering the reading questions of explanatory articles is a key to accurately understand the meaning of concepts.
First, you should have a wide range of knowledge, so that you can better understand the articles you see.
Second, skills, there is a skill that can be answered in the original sentence, just answer in the original text; Or answer with a sentence with similar meaning to the original. Therefore, we should pay attention to the connection between contexts. The answer to the question mentioned in this paragraph may be in the next paragraph. Another skill is to find the answer in the test questions. For example, sometimes there will be multiple-choice questions-"Which of the following statements about this article is wrong/correct?" Reading the options carefully will help you understand this article.
2. How to answer questions such as "Contact this article and talk about your understanding/views on what issues" and "Explain the meaning of this sentence"? The so-called understanding here can come from the central sentence of the original text or "which of the following statements about this article is wrong/correct?" Find the answer in the options. Generally speaking, it is a very formal cliche. When the rhetoric is finished, you can write more about your own views.
The meaning of a sentence can also be found from the context, which will help you understand the sentence, because the sentence you want to explain is usually a key sentence, so you must contact the context, and no article can't answer it. First, you can roughly explain the literal meaning of the sentence, and then answer the connotation or function of the sentence in the text in context (such as pointing out the main idea of the full text or connecting the preceding with the following)
The format can refer to the reference answers to the questions you have done.
3. Clever use of information to grasp the whole. The reading process itself is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured. When doing the topic, you can first look at the author, writing time and comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic. If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative essay, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements. Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem.
4. Determine the outline of the area. Reading a long article mainly uses intensive reading, which requires word-for-word scrutiny. Therefore, we should cultivate the habit of drawing circles and making more marks in our daily practice. We can first look at which paragraphs or areas in the text are related to the topic and which sentences are related to it. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas. With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability. When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time.
5. Pay attention to the original text. Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text.
6. In reading, we should also pay attention to the fact that many students have a strong memory ability for basic knowledge, but their transfer ability is very weak, especially for the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
Words cannot be separated from words. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Taoist, and word management are all inseparable from sentences. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. These requirements are as follows:
This word is ambiguous. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; Stick to the policy, face the policy, the policy, the whip
In modern Chinese, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" is to be polite and to teach (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable".
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
Sentences and paragraphs are inseparable. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
This paragraph is inseparable from the text. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
7。 Pay attention to the answer:
The amount of practice should be guaranteed.
Look at the sub-questions (more answers and more points, less answers and less points)
Chinese foundation should have (such as eight rhetoric, basic expression, argumentation method, explanation method, differences in argumentation, narration and explanation, etc.). )
Accumulate words (if there are no mistakes, there are phonetic notes and explanations)
Understand the meaning of the topic, what to ask, what to answer, and don't answer irrelevant questions.
Pay attention when reading, and see clearly the center and meaning of the article. What are the good sentences? Look up words you don't know. Pay attention to how the author expresses himself (levels, paragraphs, rhetoric, etc.). )
If you can, try to retell the content of the article and realize the benefits of the author's expression like that. Unconsciously, when reading, you can understand the intention of the questioner. In this way, we can grasp the main points, answer questions concisely, and let the marking teacher shine at the moment and get high marks.
Reading, like composition, is the application of comprehensive knowledge of Chinese. To improve, we must improve the comprehensive quality of Chinese. Literature comes from life, so observe the phenomena in life and think more about the problems in life, and then talk to the author when reading and have something to say when writing some comprehension questions.
8. purposeful and planned learning.
Facing the vast sea of books, if reading has no purpose and plan, it will be at a loss.
Middle school students spend most of their time in the classroom, and they have to complete a day's study task every day. So there is not much time available for reading, especially after class. If reading has no purpose and plan, precious reading time will not be fully and profitably utilized.
Middle school students' reading should be based on the following objectives:
It is conducive to learning basic knowledge, giving full play to one's strengths, making up one's shortcomings and improving reading ability.
Pay attention to when arranging the reading plan:
Read some related extracurricular books around the textbook. For example, reading some history of science and technology and biographies related to in-class learning will help to improve the interest in in-class learning, enrich the content of in-class learning and make the thinking more active.
Read some related extracurricular books around your hobbies or characteristics. A student who likes science can regularly go to the reading room to read relevant newspapers and magazines, and a student who likes liberal arts can regularly read various literary publications or read literary masterpieces during holidays.
As for the choice of extracurricular books, you can ask teachers, senior students or classmates, or parents. Learning from their good experience is really a good way to save time. If you choose a good book, you can gain more in less time.
Choosing a good book and reasonably allocating reading time can not only improve reading efficiency, but also affect classroom learning. If you persist for a long time, your weaknesses in learning can be made up, and your personal strengths can also be developed, which not only promotes learning in class, but also enriches your spiritual life after class.
Many students lack purposefulness and planning in reading. They often read detective novels and martial arts novels out of ignorance, reaching the point where they can't put it down. They burn the midnight oil to read these books and fail to finish their homework, which seriously interferes with and affects their study in class. This is a bad reading tendency.
9. Handle the relationship between expository writing and intensive reading.
Reading widely means reading books extensively, the purpose of which is to have a general understanding of the contents of books, so as to discover the essence of books and much-needed knowledge. Extensive reading can learn from others, just as Lu Xun said: "Reading only one person's works will lead to bad results and little benefit. You must pick many flowers to make honey like a bee. If you bite in one place, your income will be limited and boring. "
Explanatory writing is to read a large number of books in a short time and create conditions for intensive reading. The general method is: look at the catalogue, find useful content from the catalogue, and then browse the relevant parts, so as to choose books in the bookstore; Look at the content tips, read the first few paragraphs and the last few paragraphs of the book, and master the general content of the book; You can also use the fast reading method, that is, reading at a faster speed to get the general idea.
On the basis of discussion, choose the best books of its kind for intensive reading. Read other similar books after intensive reading. In intensive reading, you should "chew slowly", think more, read repeatedly and take notes carefully.
Mathematician Zhang Guanghou said when talking about learning a math booklet: "This paper has more than 20 sides. I have been reading it over and over for more than half a year, because I always touch these pages with my hands, leaving an obvious black line on the edge of the white paper. Such repeated research will greatly promote our research work. My wife said,' This is not learning! Just like eating a book. "
To read books intensively, we should understand them once, that is, to understand the basic contents of books; Second, remember what you understand; Three meetings, that is, these understanding knowledge will be used; Four skills, that is, being able to skillfully express what you have learned from books or use it to analyze and solve problems.
Middle school is a basic education, which is the stage of laying the foundation, so the goal of intensive reading should be aimed at textbooks and main reference books.
10. The purpose of reading articles and distinguishing styles and basic concepts is to use and answer questions. It is also important to learn to distinguish different types of questions and handle them skillfully.
A multiple choice question. Exclusion is usually used. The content of reading analysis questions involves not only the content, but also the knowledge in class. Therefore, if the knowledge mastered in class can be excluded or selected, the difficulty of knowledge selection will be reduced invisibly.
B extension problem. If you memorize famous sentences according to the relevant content, it is easy to avoid the important and write your most confident answer. Otherwise, it is easy to be thankless.
C basic concept questions. When answering questions, we should grasp the main content of the paragraph. We should not pick sesame seeds and throw watermelons, and we should not just miss a page in the forest.
D comprehensive analysis questions. For this kind of questions, we should withhold the proposition content on the basis of overall cognition, and we should not take it out of context, let alone answer irrelevant questions. This kind of questions are often the questions that can best show students' language ability. Answers should be concise and to the point, generally no more than 30 words; Sentences should be fluent, there is no loophole in language expression, and it conforms to logical reasoning; We should focus on the content of the article, highlight the key points, and not just talk about it.
1 1. Scientific reading. The selected articles are selected from the latest scientific and technological papers such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, and are objective topics. Test sites: ① concept understanding, ② sentence understanding, ③ literal judgment and ④ information screening. Preparation points: ① First read the full text quickly, understand the main idea and overcome the fear. ② See clearly the meaning of the question (right or wrong choice, key words). ③ Find the answer interval, find the original basis, and pay attention to the implied information of keywords and related words. (4) Sentence comprehension should focus on grammar analysis. ⑤ Pay attention to specious and specious judgments. ⑥ Causes of wrong questions: stealing the beam and replacing the column (expanding or narrowing the scope, regardless of possibility and reality), making something out of nothing, answering irrelevant questions (regardless of reason, result, purpose, means and conditions), and reversing right and wrong (object, right and wrong, order). All landowners can use exclusion method to do the problem.
12. Anthology is an article about social science, which tends to be literary works with deep meaning, such as prose. These questions are subjective and multiple-choice questions. Test sites: ① word comprehension, ② sentence comprehension, ③ expression skills and functions, ④ content and structure analysis, and evaluation and appreciation of articles. Preparation: ① Read the full text quickly and grasp the meaning of the text (pay attention to the eyes of the text). See the meaning of the question clearly, don't answer irrelevant questions. (3) Words should not be interpreted by words, but by their meaning in the article. (4) According to the question type, find out the answer interval (original basis), and then compare, analyze, synthesize and summarize. ⑤ Try to answer the questions in the original sentence, or at least use the original keywords. ⑥ Be careful not to exceed the number of words, but it is not good to have too few answers (if there are too many words, you can float down about eight tenths). ⑦ The analysis of expression techniques is basically similar to poetry and ode. ⑧ The answer format of functional analysis is generally: with the help of expression (emphasizing, highlighting, pointing out and rendering). ...