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Original publisher: 2000926abcd
Ouyang Xiu 1 Study hard. Ouyang Gong is two years old and lonely at the age of three. His family is poor and has no money. Taifuren painted the land with four strokes (dí) and taught it calligraphy. Recite more than 6 chapters of ancient Chinese. And 7 is a little longer than 8, but there is no book to read at home, so a scholar named 10 of Lu borrowed it, or 1 1 because 12 copied 13. I can recite his book before I finish copying it. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service. Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood. Ouyang Gong: refers to Ouyang Xiu, a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. 3. Loneliness: I lost my father when I was a child. 4. use: use. What are you doing here? Thistle: A perennial herb, similar to reed. 6. Recite: (Recite ancient chapters) Recite. 7. and: wait. 8. slightly: slightly. 9. Luli: towns and communities. 10. Scholar: the collective name of China ancient literati and intellectuals, generally referring to literati. 1 1. or: sometimes. 12. Cause: Take the opportunity of …. 13. Transcription: replication. 14. service: dedicated to, engaged in. 15. Poetry prose: poetry articles. 1 When Sima Wen was a child, he asked two patients, and three of them were unlike human beings. Group lecture, 4 elder brothers and 50 students chanting, have a rest; 13 can only be edited by 12, and it won't stop until you can recite it 7 times after 6 times. Those who make more efforts get far-reaching achievements, and they recite unforgettable 8. Wen Gong Jiu said, "Books must be memorized. 10 or a while, or 14, staying up in the middle of the night, 1 1 singing, thinking about its meaning, and gaining a lot. " (Selected from Records of Words and Actions of Famous Officials in Three Dynasties edited by Zhu [1] Suffering from: worry, worry. 3. Not if: not as good as. If: such as. 4: numerous: numerous. 5: Both: Already. 6: I have arrived; Wait until. 7. Recite: Recite. Time: pass "back", back. 8: Yes: So, just, just. 9: Taste: Once. 10: or: sometimes 1 1: chanting: chanting. 12: Ending: Originally, Dong Zhongshu gave a lecture under the curtain in the Han Dynasty and didn't look out of the window for three years. Here refers to concentrate on reading. 13: unique edition: According to the records of the historian Confucius, Confucius read the Book of Changes and Wei compiled three unique editions (meaning that he compiled wooden slips more often.
2. The original classical Chinese text about learning
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
translate
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers are used to impart truth, teach research and answer difficult questions. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? With doubts and not learning from teachers, those who become difficult problems will never solve them. Born before me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I followed him and worshipped him as a teacher. If the person born after me understands the truth earlier than me, I will follow him and worship him as a teacher. I learned the truth from him. Who cares if he is older or younger than me? Therefore, no matter high or low, no matter young or old, the place where Tao exists is the place where teachers exist.
Alas! It's been a long time since the fashion of learning from teachers, and it's hard for people not to doubt it! Ancient saints, far beyond the average person, have to ask the teacher for advice (he is not a pronoun); Nowadays, ordinary people are far less clever than saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant. Is this probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools? Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him. But for himself, learning from the teacher is shameful and puzzling! Those children's teachers, who teach them to read and learn sentences from books, are not teachers who teach truth and solve problems. I don't know whether to ask the teacher when reading sentences, but I don't want to ask the teacher because I have doubts that I can't solve. We should learn the small aspects, but give up the big ones. I didn't see his understanding. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. People like scholar-officials get together and laugh at him when they hear others calling him "teacher" and "disciple". You ask them (why are you laughing) and say, "He is about his age and knows the same thing. It is enough to be ashamed to learn from people with low status; Taking an official as a teacher is considered close to flattery. " Hey! The road to seeking a teacher is hard to recover, you can know! Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, these people, the gentleman disdain to mention, and now their wisdom is not comparable to these people, which is really strange!
Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "If several people walk together, there must be someone who can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. There are early days and late days to accept the truth, and we have our own specialties in knowledge and skills, that's all.
Pan, the Li family's child, is seventeen years old this year. He likes classical Chinese, and the classics of Six Arts are generally studied. He is not ashamed of the worldly limitations of learning from me. I admire him for helping the ancients and writing his teacher's notes.
3. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? 1, Xunzi's "Persuasion" in the Warring States Period.
Excerpt: A gentleman knows that a husband is not beautiful enough, so he recites it and thinks about it.
Interpretation: A gentleman thinks he is perfect only when he knows that he is not perfect, so he reads a set of books to try to achieve mastery and understand with thinking and exploration.
2. The sacred amethyst in Wang Yinglin in Song Dynasty.
Excerpt: Jade is not pecked, let alone a weapon; People don't learn or know.
Interpretation: jade can't be a beautiful object without polishing and carving; People can't succeed if they don't study.
3. Zhou's "Supplements and Essays" in Qing Dynasty
Abstract: There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning from the sea. (Actually, it was written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in augmented sages).
Interpretation: If you want to climb the peak of knowledge, then diligence is the only way; If you want to swim in the ocean of knowledge, effort is a boat that wishes you progress.
4. Zhu's persuasion poems in Song Dynasty.
Excerpt: It is easy for teenagers to learn from old age, but difficult to learn. An inch of time is not light.
Interpretation: Time flies, learning is difficult, don't waste every inch of time.
5. Yan Zhenqing's "persuasion" in Tang Dynasty.
Excerpt: Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.
Interpretation: I didn't know to study hard early when I was young, and it was too late to regret when I was full of white hair.
Baidu encyclopedia-persuasion
4. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? To learn classical Chinese well, we should do more topics or read more books on classical Chinese, and translate more titles and stories in classical Chinese to improve the level of classical Chinese. Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
5. What are the famous classical Chinese sentences about learning? 1. Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. -"The Analects of Confucius is Politics"
Explanation: Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous.
2. Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching. -The Analects of Confucius.
Note: study hard if you are not satisfied, and teach students never to be tired.
3, an armchair strategist feels shallow, I don't know if it should be done. -"Reading on a Winter Night" Song Dynasty: Lu You
Explanation: The knowledge gained from books is not perfect after all. If you want to understand the truth deeply, you must practice it yourself.
4, black hair does not know how to study hard early, Bai Shoufang regrets studying late. -"Encouraging Learning" Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing
Description: When I was a teenager, I only knew how to play, but I didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted why I didn't know how to study hard when I was young.
5, young people are eager to learn, and an inch of time is not light. -"Persuasion Poetry/Accidental Success" Song Dynasty: Zhu
Commentary: The days of youth are easy to pass, but learning is difficult to succeed, so cherish every inch of time and don't let it go easily.
6, reading does not know the depth of spring, an inch of time and an inch of gold. -"Two Poems of Bailudong" Part I Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhenbai
Commentary: concentrate on reading, before you know it, spring has passed, and every inch of time is like gold.
6. What classical Chinese texts about learning (1) are wonderful?
Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture.
This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese. (2) Classical Chinese is knowledge.
This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression.
Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. (4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese".
The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language.
"Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later.
"Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style.
The latter's "text" refers to style. (5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is.
When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools.
The application of seal script is also mostly the same. (6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history.
In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.
As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style. (8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thinking is very clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.
7. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? (1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
(2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
(4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
(5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
(6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
(8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thinking is very clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.
8. Five classical Chinese articles about reading, translated from Wang Mian, Zhuji people.
When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered Niu to go to school and sneak into the school to listen to the students' endorsements; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. At dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me.
As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he doesn't listen to anything?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple.
At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap. I will read with an ever-burning lamp. The Buddha statue is full of clay figures, with hideous faces and children, so I don't know.
Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students.
After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing.
Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this.
His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" From then on, Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn.
Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he looks safe. My brother Mo sent the first book in wei county, but he didn't seem to read it. It's the most useless thing.
My eyes are gone, my heart is anxious, my heart is running out, and my contacts are at a loss. If I look at the beauty in the field, it will pass at a glance. What does this have to do with me? Who has seen Song Cheng more than Confucius since ancient times? I read Yi Wei's Three Musts, but I don't know how many times I have read it. The more I talk, the more I explore and the more I study, the less I know where I am poor. Even if Confucius didn't learn the truth, he could practice the sage's way calmly, and he wouldn't stop studying human affairs diligently.
Dongpo doesn't have to study twice, but he reads "Epang Palace Fu" to four drums in Hanlin. Old officials have a hard history, and Poe is tireless. How can you learn by heart just because you can understand it after reading it once, and then leave the book behind and end your study hastily! Only Yu Shinan, Zhang Suiyang and Zhang have read books all their lives and never read them twice, but they have never written a good article.
Besides, you can recite it by looking at it. What's the harm in memorizing it? That is to say, in 130 historical records, Biography of Xiang Yu is the most important, and in Biography of Xiang Yu, the battle of the stag, the banquet of the Hongmen and the meeting of Gaixia are the most important.
Repeated reading is worthy of joy, and only these fragments are worth crying. If you read a Historical Records and remember every word, you are not an unreasonable fool! There are even novelists' words, all kinds of legendary evil songs and doggerel are unforgettable, such as the broken kitchen cabinet, which contains smelly oil and rotten sauce, which is filthy! Reading regards reciting after reading it once as a worthy ability, which is actually the most useless.
The eyes can see clearly, but the heart rushes by. In fact, there are not many people left in my heart, because I can't cope with frequent exchanges. It's like looking at a beautiful woman in a ballroom and passing by. What does this have to do with me? As a person who has studied by memory since ancient times, who can compare with Confucius? Confucius broke the pimp of bamboo slips in Zhouyi several times since he studied Zhouyi. I don't know how many times he has read it, so the more he explores the subtle language and profound truth of Zhouyi, the more he understands it [1], the more he studies it deeply, and the more he goes forward, the more he doesn't know its end. Even saints who are born with knowledge and act safely will not stop studying the basic common sense of interpersonal relationships and things tirelessly.
Su Dongpo didn't have to read it twice. He read Epang Palace Fu in imperial academy until the fourth reading. The old official in charge of imperial academy thought he was studying hard, but Su Dongpo was carefree and not tired. How can you recite it just because you read it once?
Then drop the book and get this over with! Only Yu Shinan, Zhang Suiyang, Zhang, etc. I have never read it twice in my life, so I have never written a good article. What's more, you can recite it after reading it once, which will have the disadvantage of memorizing it. Just like Historical Records (130), Biography of Xiang Yu is the best, and Battle of the Julu, Hongmen Banquet and Gaixiahui in Biography of Xiang Yu are the best.
After repeated reading and watching, only these fragments are worth rejoicing and crying. If you read every article in a Historical Records and remember every word, you are not an unreasonable fool! There are also novels, various operas and limericks.
If everyone has a photographic memory, it's like a broken kitchen cabinet, full of rotten oil and sauce. This kind of vulgar taste is really unbearable. Borrowed books, saying that Huang borrowed books.
When the owner of the garden gave him a book, he told him, "You can't read a book unless you borrow it. Who can't smell the book? Seven strategies and four libraries, the book of the son of heaven, but how many scholars? How many rich people are there? No matter what other ancestors accumulated, or what future generations abandoned.
Not only books are natural, but everything in the world is natural. If it's not your wife's property, you take it away by force, but you play with it yourself and say,' If you save it today, you can't see it if you leave it tomorrow.
If the industry belongs to me, it will be high-spirited and hidden, saying it is a cloud. ""I am young and have good books, but my family is poor.
Zhang has a rich collection of books. Borrow, disagree and return to form a dream.
That's true. Therefore, it is necessary to look at it and save it.
After the general registration, the salary belongs to the book, ups and downs, covered with gray silk, and sometimes scrolls. Then he lamented that the borrower's intentions were special, and the young years were a pity. "
Now, Huang Sheng is poor, and the books he borrowed are almost the same. However, if the public book is not a stingy book like Zhang. However, if you are unlucky, you will meet Zhang Hu, and if you are lucky, you will meet it. Know the blessing and the curse, be good at reading, and reply quickly.
Say it out, make it out of books. The young man Huang Yunxiu came to borrow books.
I lent him the book and told him, "If you don't borrow it, you won't read it well. Don't people who haven't heard of books read? " Seven Outlooks and Four Kus are the emperor's collections, but how many were studied by the emperor? There are too many books, and when they are shipped, cows and horses sweat and pile up in the house. This is the library of the rich, but how many rich people read? The rest are like grandparents, sons and grandchildren, not to mention throwing them away.
Not only books are like this, but everything in the world is like this. It's not my own thing, but I don't want to borrow it. I'm sure I'm worried that people will rush over, so I can't rest assured, touch it and say,' I'll leave it with me today and take it away tomorrow, so I won't see it.
If I have it, I must tie it up and put it on a high place, put it away and hide it, and say,' Some other time'. "I loved reading when I was a child, but my family was poor.
9. How to write classical Chinese well and learn classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching. Classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination. First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao. Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams. Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese. Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese. Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
Read more notes about classical Chinese ~ ~ Understand the meaning of ancient words ~ ~ Many words have different meanings in ancient and modern times. Only when you understand them thoroughly can you write classical Chinese more brilliantly ~ ~ In addition, I think writing classical Chinese should pay attention to feelings ~ ~